In the early days, there were few official handwriting, the structure was slightly wider, the horizontal painting was long and the vertical painting was short. In Wei Jinzhong handed down from ancient times, such as Zhong You's "Declaration Form" (left), "Recommended Season Table" and Wang Xizhi's "Le Yi on Huang Tingjing" can be regarded as representative works. Look at its characteristics, as Weng Fanggang said: "Change the wave painting of official script, pick it up, and still keep the vertical of official script."
Cursive script is the simplest writing in China. The origin of cursive script, such as running script, or other characters, is uncertain when it began. According to historical records, "During the Warring States Period, Chu Huaiwang made Qu Yuan a constitutional order, but the draft was not published. Shangguanshi saw it and wanted to take it away. The ancestor of Gaicaoshu began in. " Therefore, cursive script originated from cursive script, indicating that cursive script was formed in the Warring States period. Because the font started from cursive script, in order to play the role of sketching, it is omitted and scribbled, so it can't be written neatly, just as the name suggests. But this cursive script can only be said to be the draft of the ancient seal script (the font used at that time). The real cursive script began in the early Han Dynasty, and its evolution process should be "Cao Zhang", "Modern Grass" and "Crazy Grass".
Cao Zhang is a sketch of official script, so it originated from official script. This legend was created by the historical travel of Huangmen Mausoleum in the late Western Han Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. Zhao Yanwei in Song Dynasty said: "Xuanhe, the ancient people in Shaanxi got wooden slips, and the word is Cao Zhang. It was the second day of Yong, and they sent their husbands to crusade against Qiang. Mi Yuanzhang wrote: Cao Zhang was played by Cao Zhang. Today's test uses both, and aesthetic feeling is applied to the text. Since ancient times, it has become easier to establish a primary school family, so the big seal has become a small seal, and the small seal has become an official; Longer than it, it is complicated to be a servant. Then, naturally, it is a chapter to write, and learn to engage in chapter grass; Therefore, although the grass grows, the official pen is still there, and Liang Yao is not far from the official. " This theory is more credible because it can be played in chapters.
Although the font of "Cao Zhang" has been simplified to official script, it is still slightly wavy. If we look at the wooden slips in the early Han Dynasty (above), we can see that the early "Cao Zhang" was actually an emergency with a rough variant of "official script". Therefore, there is no certain standard for its brushwork and structure. It was not until Zhang Zhi and Cao Zhang in the Eastern Han Dynasty that it matured and reached its peak in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Among them, famous calligraphers, such as those in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the statues of emperors in the Wu Dynasty and those in the Jin Dynasty, are all called "masters".
Cao Zhang's calligraphy posts handed down from ancient times include Ode to the Teacher, Zhang Zhishu posted by Chunhuating, First Aid by Emperor Xiang, and Reading Instrument Post by Suo Jing. Although it has been passed down to this day, it is still the best material for future generations to copy and learn because of its strong law, physical strength and independence.
The strokes of "Cao Zhang" are slightly wavy in official script, but the characters are independent and unconnected; This is a variation of Han Li's running script, which uses symbols to exert influence.
Today's cursive script, commonly known as cursive script, is said to have been created by Zhang Zhi (Boying) in the later Han Dynasty. Dan Wei said: "Learning to be excellent is an official, which can be described as a sage's way, ahead of others and unparalleled." Zhang Huai's Broken Book said: "Since Du Du is superior to Cao Zhang, Cui Yuan and Cui Shi can continue. Boying got the method of Cui Du, so he learned something new, so he changed it to modern grass. The font is made in one stroke, with occasional interruptions and constant blood; Even with it, strokes will pass through its interlacing. However, Wang Zijing knows what it means, so the words in the first line often follow the previous line. It is said that a book originated in Zhang Boying, that is, this is also. " He added: "Every word in the Book of Cao Zhang is different. Zhang Zhi has become a grass, implicated up and down, or at the end of the word, above the word. It is called Zhangcao because of its "English grass". "This shows the difference between This Grass and Cao Zhang: Cao Zhang has a unique personality, which was sketched in official script, while This Grass was sketched in Cao Zhang, without the wave of Cao Zhang. Mr. Yu Youren said in the Preface to the Standard Cursive Script: "It is the law: reconnecting, eliminating waves, adding symbols to make it beneficial; The so-called principle of making big orders and giving poor holidays, people who are extremely careless get the most. "Press" to reshape and go to the waves. "Two languages can be said to be the characteristics of Modern Grass, and it is also the place where the benefits of Modern Grass tend to be simple.
The calligraphy style of "Now Grass" was initiated by Zhang Zhi at the end of Han Dynasty, and reached a complete level in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, especially Wang Xizhi and his son were best at this style. Its graceful and changeable posture is really wonderful, and it has reached its peak.
Since Zhang Zhi in the later Han Dynasty, Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and great calligraphers in previous dynasties were also good at cursive writing, the traces of calligraphy in calligraphy posts have been widely circulated. Beginners of cursive script hardly know where to start. The picture above shows the score of Tang Sun Guoting's book.
Although this grass originated from the two kings, in Zhang Xu and Huai Su, it was able to get rid of the traditional grass method in Wei and Jin Dynasties and create a new look. In addition to physical fitness, it also benefits from madness, bringing this grass to a brand-new realm-famous for its madness.
The name "Crazy Grass" is said to be because of Zhang Xu. Before writing a book, he drank too much to arouse emotions or help natural phenomena to inspire. Call yourself crazy when you are drunk, and then write a book. The world calls it Zhangdian. Huai Su once quoted Li in his autobiography (left): "In the past, Zhang Xu's works were also called Zhang Dian, but now Huai Su's works are also called crazy monks, and no one can tell." As can be seen from the above, Wild Grass is due to the rapidity and strangeness of the book on the one hand, and the crazy attitude of Zhang Xu and Huai Su on the other.