I. Korea and Japan
The Korean royal family and the Yuan royal family became close friends and established friendly relations. The Yuan Dynasty once stationed a great scholar in Wang Jing, North Korea, but did not directly interfere in the political affairs of the DPRK, but was only responsible for supervision. Zhi Yuanzhong also set up an eastbound province in North Korea, but instead of sending provincial officials, he took korean king as the prime minister of the province, and the original institution remained unchanged. Therefore, North Korea basically maintained its independent status in the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Yuan Dynasty, the economic and cultural exchanges between China and North Korea further developed. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Dr. Ada of North Korea bought10,800 volumes of classics from Jiangnan and returned to China. Businessmen and monks of the two countries brought a large number of books from their own countries into each other's territory. Yuan Renzong presented more than 4,300 rare books to the Korea Song Secret Museum.
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism was introduced into Korea. Koreans have obtained a new edition of The Complete Works of Zhuzi in most places and brought it back to China to teach in imperial academy. Later, Bai Yizheng brought back many Neo-Confucianism works from Dadu and preached them in imperial academy. Then, Zhu's "Notes on Four Books" was published by the Secretary Provincial Book Institute, which was the result of Quan Pu's suggestion. The widespread spread of Neo-Confucianism in North Korea has made such Neo-Confucianism masters as Gu Li, Li Qixian and Lee Hyun Woo stand out.
Korean was introduced into China, and many people in the court of the Yuan Dynasty spoke Korean. Even the guards guarding the palace gate have learned Korean, and even singing with low arms is like pear blossoms (Volume 2 of Changyu Leisure Old People Collection).
In the Yuan Dynasty, many Koreans came to China, and many of them lived abroad. Among them, there are not a few officials. Many scholars and monks, because they are proficient in Chinese, have been ordered to preach and have visited privately. In China, they made friends with scholars, learned from each other, sang and rewarded, and established a very close relationship. In the second year of reunification (126 1), King Koryo came to Shangdu, accompanied by Prime Minister Li Zangyong. This person has profound attainments in China literature, and once attended the literary conference of China poets. He is known as the old fallen immortal at the head of the Yalu River (Wang Yun's "Zhi Le Niece Park Xueshi" and "Selected Works of Qiu Jian" (Volume 22). Li Qixian, a famous poet in North Korea, whose collection of poems, Zhai Yiluan Draft, is regarded as an excellent classic in the history of Korean literature (Korean History11Biography of Li Qixian).
In the Yuan Dynasty, many Japanese merchant ships came to China. From the ninth year to the forty-fifth year of Dade, Japanese merchant ships came to the Yuan Dynasty in 33 years (The History of Cultural Exchange between Japan and China, written by Wu Yan, translated by Hu Xinian). Monks from the Yuan Dynasty and Japan often exchanged visits. According to Japanese historian Takehiko Kimmiya, there were more than 220 Japanese monks who came to China just to be famous. In the third year of Taiding (1326), the Yuan Dynasty sent 40 Japanese monks, including Rui Xing, back to China at one time (Volume 30 of Yuan Shi, Taiding Emperor Ji II). The ink of many eminent monks in Yuan Dynasty spread to Japan, which had a great influence on Japanese calligraphy. The works of some Japanese calligraphers were also highly valued by scholars in the Yuan Dynasty. The poems and paintings of literati in Yuan Dynasty were appreciated by Japanese literati at that time (Ouyang Xuan's Tombstone of Zhao Wenmin's Duke and Collection of Guizhai, Volume 9). Monk Ru, Ming Zhu and the immortals Fan Xian were invited to teach Zen in Japan. Master Miao Ci Hongji (1247- 13 17), a monk in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province (now Linhai, Zhejiang Province), was born with a common surname of Hu, a good name and a good dharma name. In his early years, he became a monk, studied Zen in Linji Sect, and later lived in Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang Province. He possessed a vast store of knowledge. In the third year of Dade's reign (1299), Cheng Zongte awarded him the post of President of Buddhism in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and was ordered to go to Japan. From Qingyuan (now Ningbo, Zhejiang Province), he arrived in Hakata by Japanese merchant ship and went to Kamakura, where he successively served as abbot of Jianchang and Jue Yuan Temple. Emperor Junyutang summoned Nanshanji of Kyoto. He lived in Japan for 19 years and taught Zen, which is called "One Mountain School" in Japan. After his death, the Japanese emperor conferred the title of Buddhist. I have written quotations in my life. Master Miao Cihongji introduced Neo-Confucianism to Japan, and his disciple Hu Guan's teacher Lian was a pioneer of Neo-Confucianism in Japan. Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism combined with Zen Buddhism has long been the ideological weapon of the Japanese ruling class.
Two. Southeast Asian and South Asian countries
(1) Indo-China countries: Jiaotoe (Annan), Zhancheng, Zhenla and Myanmar, have always maintained close ties with the Yuan Dynasty. Although the Yuan Dynasty invaded and plundered these areas, there were still frequent exchanges between immigrants and businessmen.