Act arbitrarily
Nian Gengyao's arrogance is getting worse and worse. He was arrogant and majestic in official contacts: he presented objects to subordinate officials, "making the North kowtow and thank you"; The official documents sent to governors and generals are parallel official documents, but they are called "orders" and treat the same officials as subordinates; Even Fu Bao, the king of Zasak County, Mongolia, would bow down when he saw him. The imperial guards sent by the imperial court should have been given preferential treatment, but they were locked up as slaves around 2000 to "lead the way back and forth with whips and throw stirrups." According to the system of the Qing Dynasty, when the imperial edict reached the place, the local officials should receive the imperial edict, kneel down and knock on the gift, and beg for holy peace. But the imperial edict of Yongzheng went to Xining twice, but Nian Gengyao "didn't understand the imperial edict". What's more, he once presented Yongzheng with the engraved "Liu Memorial" at his own expense. Yongzheng intends to write his own preface, but he hasn't written it yet. Nian Gengyao drafted an article by himself, asking for Yong Zhengdi's consent. In front of Yongzheng, Nian Gengyao also lost his temper and said, "There is no formal ceremony." Yongzheng is very unhappy.
Set up/form a small group to pursue self-interest
At that time, when selecting civil and military officials, priority was given to officials and soldiers recommended by Nian Gengyao, the so-called "annual election". He also rejected dissidents and appointed private individuals to form a clique headed by him, with officials from Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan as the backbone, including officials from other regions. Tang Shi in Jixian County, written in the novel Legend of Heroes of Children, refers to Nian Gengyao, saying that he is a general of seven provinces. "He has hundreds of soldiers and thousands of troops. He is like a cloud and his counselors are like rain." These are artistic exaggerations, which are quite different from the actual situation, but they also show that Nian Gengyao has great influence. Seeing Nian Gengyao gaining momentum and expanding power, many people who hung out in officialdom rushed to the door. And Nian Gengyao is also a person who pays attention to cultivating folk forces. Whenever there is a profitable job, he must put his personal cronies. "Dissidents are screened out, and those who are eager to go are recommended to quit." For example, he impeached the governor of Zhili, saying that he was a "poor boy" and "had never been a governor" and recommended his personal Li. Zhao Zhiyuan lost his official position, so he turned to Nian Gengyao and gave him jewelry worth 202,000 yuan. Nian Gengyao took advantage of the opportunity of entering Beijing in the second year of Yongzheng to bring Zhao to Beijing, "pleading to introduce Si Geng" to ensure its availability. Ge Daqing, the provincial judge of Jiangsu Province who was demoted by the Senate in 2000, gave Nian Gengyao, the general of Pingxi, a blue and white calligraphy jar.
After Kong presented various precious antiques twice, Nian Gengyao promised to "take care of" him in the future. In addition, Nian Gengyao also took the opportunity of joining the army to make his unmarried domestic slaves, Sang Dingcheng and Wei Zhiyao, become the official positions of Zhili Taoist priest and acting lieutenant respectively.
Greedy wealth
Nian Gengyao took bribes and embezzled money and grain, amounting to millions of yuan. In the early years of Yongzheng, it was an important reform measure to rectify bureaucracy and punish corruption and perverting the law. At this juncture, Yongzheng will not let go easily.
Why Yongzheng killed Nian Gengyao has always been controversial in the history circle. Some people say it is because they want to rebel, while others say that Nian Gengyao participated in the battle for the throne between Yongzheng and his brothers, and Yongzheng did it while covering his mouth. We might as well analyze these statements:
The first point
Nian Gengyao's death was attributed to his independence as emperor. During the Qianlong period, scholars mentioned in Yong Xian Lu that Nian Gengyao, Jing and Zou Lu, the elephant man, had discussed this plot. Some scholars hold this view that "Tang Yao was born to die because he wanted to be emperor.". The book Anecdotes in Qing Dynasty records that after Nian Gengyao fell out of favor and was deprived of military power, "at that time, his screen guest advised him to rebel, and the years were long and silent, and he watched the sky at night, and Hao Ran sighed: No harmony." The beginning of the reform is the Ministerial Day. It shows that the title is really intended to be the emperor, and it is only because of the "incompatibility" that the "Minister's Festival" was abandoned. In fact, this statement is not fully based. In the feudal era, the most important thing is to pay attention to birthright, and the righteousness of the monarch and the minister cannot be violated. To be a courtier, you must abide by the way of courtiers and not do anything beyond your duty. What Nian Gengyao did really caused great dissatisfaction and some doubts of Yongzheng. Nian Gengyao was originally in a high position, but he was arrogant, broke the law and disobeyed the minister's way. It will inevitably arouse the eyebrows of ministers and the dissatisfaction and suspicion of the emperor. Yongzheng is a man with strong self-esteem and likes to show himself. Nian Gengyao's claim to credit and power will make the emperor fall into a dominated reputation, which Yongzheng can't tolerate and Yongzheng hates most. Yongzheng was not afraid of Nian Gengyao's intentions. He rectified Nian Gengyao step by step. By 2000, he could only submit, and he had no ability to resist or even defend. Only the imaginary Yongzheng can look at the mutual affection of the past and show the grace outside the law. Therefore, he can't resist. Yongzheng once said, "If we don't guard against Nian Gengyao, we have to do something for it. It's really unnecessary. "As for Nian Gengyao's conspiracy, it is obviously the accusation against Luo Zhi in 2000, which can neither explain that he will rebel in 2000 nor explain that Yongzheng really believes that he will rebel. Judging from Nian Gengyao, he has always been loyal to Yongzheng, and even at the last minute, he has always had great illusions about Yongzheng. On the way to being demoted as a general in Hangzhou by the governor of Gechuan and Shaanxi, Nian Gengyao imagined that Yongzheng would change his decision, so he stayed in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province and sat tight. As a result, Yongzheng was very angry When Nian Gengyao was transferred to Hangzhou as a general, he said, "Look at this situation, I don't know how to regret it. For god's sake, if I fail you, the devil take the hindmost; If you let me down, I don't know how God will punish you! ..... You this scene, from the days of your minister, no matter my way, always sarcastic articles, duplicity tone, plus I heard gossip, blame the hero's name. I have to take care of me, but I can't take care of your Minister's Day. Only the world will have the next generation. Let me take a word first. "Zhu Pi of Yongzheng actually sent a very clear signal: he has made up his mind to get rid of Nian Gengyao eventually. Until Nian Gengyao received the imperial edict to kill himself, he refused to start work, still dreaming that Yongzheng would pardon him on the date of birth. However, Yongzheng has made up his mind that it is especially kind to rescue Nian Gengyao from torture, and he should "die with tears", so Nian Gengyao has no chance to live. How can a minister who wants to rebel have such unrealistic fantasies about the emperor? In the last imperial edict to Nian Gengyao, Yongzheng said, "If you commit suicide and feel a little wronged, the so-called eternal hell in Buddhism, even if you are robbed, can't erase your sins. "At the time of farewell, Yongzheng also preached with Buddhists, making Nian completely convinced, and he didn't dare to blame the emperor for his death.
The second view
There is also a view that Nian Gengyao participated in the usurpation activities during the Yongzheng period, and Yong Zhengdi was suspected or even killed after he acceded to the throne. Not only unofficial history, but also some scholars hold this view. It is said that Emperor Kangxi appointed Yin Gui, the fourteenth son of the emperor, to succeed to the throne, and Yong Zhengdi succeeded to the throne through imperial edict. Nian Gengyao also participated in this activity. He was ordered by Yong Zhengdi to gather troops in Sichuan to stop the emperor's fourteen sons, so that he could not fight for the post. At the beginning of his reign, Yong Zhengdi was kind to Nian Gengyao. In fact, he played hard to get. When the time was right, he was accused of Luo Zhi, killed the donkey and executed the insider Nian Gengyao. Some people disagree with this, mainly because when Yong Zhengdi ascended the throne, Nian Gengyao was far away in the northwest, did not participate in the imperial edict, and may not know the inside story. But objectively speaking, Nian Gengyao did have the function of blocking Yin Guidong's advance during his term of office. Yong Zhengdi's tampering with the testamentary edict to seize the throne has been explained in many works, and Yan Chongnian's Talk about the Twelve Emperors also has a systematic summary, which is self-evident. Opinions vary, and no one can agree. Yongzheng acceded to the throne, there are indeed many doubts. After he acceded to the throne, he successively disposed of the original most capable assistants, Nian Gengyao and Rondo, which made people more suspicious that this was a guilty conscience and a criminal. Of course, this can only be regarded as a reasonable presumption, which is not supported by conclusive data. So this suspicion is said to be: "Nian Gengyao's paintings and calligraphy."
Everything happens for a reason, but there is no evidence. "Let's put aside the real motivation of Yongzheng's determination to get rid of Nian Gengyao. From Nian Gengyao's own point of view, his death really deserved it. He is self-reliant, arrogant, arrogant, ignorant of humility and self-protection, does not obey the official's way, and does things beyond the official's duties, which is unacceptable to public opinion; Moreover, for his own selfish interests, he planted and took bribes, which was "unscrupulous", which was not allowed by the national law and was also hated by Yongzheng. This is a hero's taboo, and it will certainly not have a good end. Therefore, according to the draft of Qing history, the dragon and the year relied on their own power and had no scruples. As a blessing, they were told by the ancient saints. It is worth mentioning that when Nian Gengyao died, Yongzheng also sent a message to Nian Gengyao: I wish people a long life, which is beautiful for thousands of miles.
That's all = =!