The Eight Methods of Yongzi are the rules for using brushes in Chinese calligraphy. Taking the order of the eight strokes of the word "Yong" as an example, the method of writing in block letters is explained: the point is the side, the side edge is steep, the stroke is spread out, and the stroke is full; the horizontal direction is the rein, the paper is dropped against the edge, and the edge is slow and sharp, Don't follow the edge of the pen and pass it flatly; a straight pen is a force, and it should not be too straight. If it is too straight, it will be stiff and weak, but it must be straight to see the curve; the hook is a tì (tì), hold the pen at the front, and concentrate the force on the tip of the pen; raise the pen. The horizontal stroke is used as a strategy, and the starting stroke is the same as the straight stroke, and the strength is at the end of the stroke; the long stroke is used to sweep. The starting stroke is the same as a straight stroke, the stroke is slightly thicker, and the force must be delivered; the stroke is short to peck, and the stroke is drawn to the left, which is fast and sharp; the stroke is stroke, the stroke is made lightly, and the folded stroke is laid out slowly, and the closing stroke is important to be subtle . According to legend, it was created by Zhiyong of the Sui Dynasty, Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, or Zhang Xu of the Tang Dynasty. Because it is the basic rule for writing regular script, later generations also introduced the Eight Methods as the name of calligraphy. Table of Contents Allusions to "Eight Methods of Yongzi" Basic Explanation Origin of Eight Methods 1. Cui Ziyu, Zhong Yao, Wang Xizhi's theory 2. Zhiyong's theory 3. Zhang Xu's theory of "Eight Methods of Yongzi" Explanation of Eight Methods by Famous Experts 1. Comments on "Eight Methods of Yongzi" by Li Yangbing in the Tang Dynasty 2. Qing Dynasty - Bao Shichen commented on "The Eight Methods of Yong Zi" 3. Modern - Shen Yimo commented on "The Eight Methods of Yong Zi" Allusions and basic explanations of "Eight Methods of Yong Zi" The origin of the Eight Methods 1. Cui Ziyu, Zhong Yao, Wang Xizhi's theory 2. Zhi Yong's theory 3. Zhang Xu's explanation of the Eight Methods of Yong Zi Famous Masters on the Eight Methods 1. Li Yangbing of the Tang Dynasty commented on the "Eight Methods of Yongzi" 2. Bao Shichen of the Qing Dynasty commented on the "Eight Methods of Yongzi" 3. Modern times - Shen Yimo commented on the "Eight Methods of Yongzi" Xuan Paper Xu Zengying[1] According to legend, Wang Xizhi, the great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, spent several years writing the word "Yong" specifically. He believes that this character has the eight methods of regular script. If the character "Yong" is written well, all characters can be written well. Later, Wang Xizhi's grandson Zhiyong passed on the "Eight Methods of Yongzi" to Yu Shinan. Later, it was passed down through many calligraphers. Edit the basic explanation of this paragraph. The eight strokes of the word "Yong" are actually the eight strokes of the word "Yong", which represent the general strokes in Chinese calligraphy, namely "side, Le, Nu, Qiao, Ce, Luo, Pei, Zhe", with Liu Zongyuan The explanation in his book A Brief Introduction to Chinese Calligraphy is relatively clear. (1) Point means side (like a bird flipping over and down); Yongzi Bafa (2) Horizontal means rein (like the reins used to rein a horse); (3) Vertical means crossbow (using force); (4) Hook means Qiao (jumping) Appearance, the same as leaping); (5) Raise as a whip (such as a whip used to spur a horse); (6) Skil as a plunder (such as a grate to pluck hair); (7) Short skim as a peck (like a bird pecking at something) ); (8) Na is Zhe (the sound of Zhe is narrow, split animal is Zhe, and the stroke is open). The Origin of the Eight Methods of Editing this Paragraph The Eight Methods of Yongzi take the stipple writing method of Yongzi as an example to illustrate the method of using pens and composing characters in regular script. Its sources are as follows: 1. Cui Ziyu, Zhong Yao, and Wang Xizhi said in Zhang Huaijin of the Tang Dynasty's "Yutang Forbidden Sutra": "The Eight Methods originated from the beginning of the Li character. Cui Ziyu of the Later Han Dynasty, under King Zhong of the Li Dynasty, taught that the eight styles should be used in Wanzi ""General brushwork, stipple eight styles, prepared for the word 'Yong'". (The official script here refers to regular script, not official script. Regular script in the Tang Dynasty was called official script. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi also called it official script. What we now think of as official script was called eight points at that time.) Yuan Li Puguang's "Xue'an Eight Methods· "Eight Methods Explained": "In the past dynasties and below, calligraphers have mastered the wonderfulness of calligraphy. Those who are famous in the world include Zhong Yao and Wang Xizhi in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Ou (Yang Xun), Yu (Shi Nan), Liu (Gong Quan), and Yan in the Tang Dynasty. (Zhen Qing)'s generation also has books in each family. Unfortunately, it has been lost for a long time, and the original copy has not survived. "Fa Shu Yuan": "Wang Yi Shao Gong Shu focused on the eight methods of 'Yong' for fifteen years. With the power of the eight methods, he can understand everything." 2. Zhiyong said in Song Dynasty Chen Si's "Shu Yuan Jing Hua": "The Sui Dynasty monk Zhiyong discovered his interest, and with the help of Yu secret supervisor Shinan, he taught it widely." 3. Zhang Xu said in Song Dynasty Zhu Changwen's "Mochi" Chapter", "Zhang Xu Chuan Yongzi Bafa", the same as "Ode to Liu Bafa" and "Ode to Yan Lu Bafa". "The Samadhi of Calligraphy" in "The True Story of Calligraphy" by Feng Wu of the Qing Dynasty says: "Every study must have essentials, if the network is in the outline, it is orderly and orderly. The character 'Yong' is also the outline of all the characters. If you know this, then Tens of thousands of words are there." Edit this paragraph to explain the eight methods of Yongzi. 1. The point is side (like a bird flipping sideways). Side means tilting. The point should be tilted, like a huge stone standing on its side, dangerous and majestic. . If the patient is lying down or standing upright, he will lose his momentum due to dementia. The dots of Yong character are closed with an exposed edge to correspond with the horizontal painting below. 2. Horizontal reining (like reining a horse with a rein). Horizontal and upward motion, like a rider tightening the reins of a horse, with the force directed inward through the crossbow (vertical). If the pen is dragged horizontally or tilted downwards when lying down, it will become tired and weak.
Write against the front, go slowly and return quickly, and maintain the trend of "go against the front and go out flat, and you must close when you go forward". It is not advisable to slide along the front to avoid being light and dull. 3. Upright as a crossbow (Tongnu) Nu means powerful. The vertical painting is straight inside and curved outside, like a crossbow standing upright. Although the shape is curved, the quality contains infinite power. Therefore, the vertical painting should not be too straight. It must match the overall situation of the font. Only by seeing the straightness in the curve can we have the momentum to advance. Too straight is like a dead tree standing on the ground, although it is upright but weak. 4. The hook is a crotch (like a leap, the same as a leap). When making a hook, first squat down to gain momentum, then quickly lift the pen, then twist the front and twist around, take advantage of the trend and focus on the tip. If a person wants to jump, he needs to squat down to accumulate strength, and then jump up suddenly. The reason why the edge is not flat is to echo with Ce (picking) to draw the pen. 5. Tiwei Ce (such as a whip used to spur a horse). The original meaning of Ce is a horse whip, and its extended meaning here is to serve as a response. The pick-up painting is mostly used on the left side of the characters, and its tendency is to slant upward to the right, which corresponds to the stipple painting on the right, forming a back-to-back posture. The design of the word Yong is slightly flat, mainly in response to the peck (horizontal stroke) on the right. Although the two brush strokes are inconsistent and inconsistent, their hearts and minds are connected and corresponding. The posture is slightly upward, the force is used to write, and the force is used to close the attack. 6. Skip to plunder (plunder means to brush and plunder). It is like a grate plundering hair, and the shape is like a swallow plundering under the eaves. It is said that writing a sweeping painting should be like brushing the surface of an object with your hand. Although the strokes are gradually accelerated and the strokes are light and crisp, the force must be sent to the end, otherwise it will be floating and weak. 7. The short abbreviation means "pecking" (like a bird pecking at something). It means that the horizontal abbreviation should be like a bird pecking at something. The writing is fast and sharp. When the pen is written, it comes out from the left, sharp and slanted downward, with lightness, agility and strength as the winner. 8. Na is Zhe (the sound of Zhe is narrow, splitting the sacrifice into Zhe, and the stroke means opening). This has two meanings: one refers to the role of Zhe painting in the structure of fonts. The original meaning of Zhe refers to the dismemberment of sacrifices for sacrifices. It means disintegration and splitting. The Nahua in regular script comes from the wave of official script, and the wave of official script is to break up the bent and wrapped form of small seal script and make the font open to the outside. Therefore, official script is also called Fenshu, and Na in regular script also plays this role. The strokes of regular script are cohesive but outward, making the fonts develop smoothly and openly. The second is that this straight line should be written vigorously, sharply and with momentum. The original meaning of Zhe is to dismember, and dismemberment must be split with a knife. Zhehua means to split with a knife. When writing, you should go against the front and fall gently, then go out slowly and gradually become heavier after coming out to the right, and at the end, the line should be slightly upturned and the front should be closed. It should be calm and powerful, with twists and turns, and the momentum should be natural. In the conclusion of the eight methods, Lu Zhao said: "The eight methods of Yongzi are dot painting." But the eight methods do not exist in isolation. We are considering how to arrange each stipple, which actually involves the structure rules of the characters. Therefore, the author of Bafa intends to explain the writing and combination of basic pointillism through the analysis of Yongzi. Edit this section Famous Experts Discuss the Eight Methods 1. Li Yangbing of the Tang Dynasty commented on the "Eight Methods of Yong" "In the past fifteen years, when Wang Yi Shaogong wrote, he focused on the Eight Methods of 'Yong'. With the power of the Eight Methods, he can understand everything." —— Tang Dynasty Li Yangbing's "Hanlin Forbidden Classic" (Tang Dynasty. Li Yangbing) discusses the eight points of the character Yong: the side, the side should not be flat, and the stroke should be on the right side; the horizontal side should be strangled, and the stroke should not be horizontal. Press it; vertically means pushing, and it is not suitable to straighten the pen when pushing, as straightening will make it weak. The most powerful thing is to lift the pen with the left side and down; pick it up as a crotch, and the crotch must squat forward to get the momentum, and when it comes out, it will be hidden; the upper left is a strategy, a strategy The back of the pen must be lifted up and raised, and the back of the pen must be lifted up to lift the policy. The two ends are high, and the middle is lifted with the center of the pen; the lower left is for plundering, and the plunderer brushes the beard quickly, and the left edge is for sharpness; the upper right is for pecking, and the person who pecks is , just like a bird pecking at something, its pen is not clumsy, and it wins with speed; the lower right is a ding, the pinging person is neither slow nor quick, and the battle is carried out while looking at the scroll, and then stops and goes away. 2. Qing Dynasty - Bao Shichen commented on "Eight Methods of Yongzi" in "Yizhou Shuangji·Shu Shuxia": "Gathering characters into chapters, accumulating paintings into characters, so there are eight methods for painting. In the Tang and Han Dynasties, Fang Ming said that the eight methods originated from the beginning of Li Zi. "It was passed down by Cui Ziyu, Li Zhong, Wang and Zhiyong Zen masters, and it is a summary of the ancient and modern calligraphy." It is also said: "The eight paintings of the character 'Yong' are used to prepare the eight skills." ”——Qing Dynasty. Bao Shichen Bao Shichen discusses the eight methods: When making dot gestures, all the strokes are round in seal scripts, and all are flat in strokes. When it becomes official, the round and flat strokes do not match each other, so the strokes do not match each other. Showing its method is called Side. The word "Ping Heng" means "restriction". When speaking of "Ping Heng", the writing must be restrained. The character must be drawn against the front, and the word "Juan" (this word is not very appropriate, I think we should use the word "Pu") goes to the right. Go slowly and return quickly; the meaning of the word "Gele". , with strong restraint, it becomes tighter and tighter; in addition, there are many horizontal and horizontal paintings in the calligraphy and painting, but the front is not closed, and those with clouds are restrained, and the front must be closed in order to show the painting. Later generations used horizontal strokes and smooth strokes, thus losing the method. To draw straight is to draw straight, the barrel of the pen must be facing upwards, the tip of the pen must also be facing upwards, the tip of the pen must be flat against the paper, and the pen must be drawn downwards with all its strength. There is a tendency to draw the crossbow with both ends facing backwards, hence the name Nu. The hook is used as a kick, just like a person's kick. The force is not in the foot at first, but it is suddenly triggered, and the full force is directed to the toes. Therefore, when the hook is broken, it cannot be used to float and frustrate the front, which will lose the meaning of the kick.
Those who look up to the painting as a strategy, such as using a whip (horse whip) to spur the horse, use the force at the root of the strategy, and gain strength at the end of the strategy, and the horse will start as soon as it is started; later generations used the technique of looking up and horizontally, with many sharp edges brushing upward, which means the horse is not started at the end of the strategy. Also, there are those who follow the pressure and no longer lift their backs (I think the word "误" should be used). This is because the horse is stuck but cannot get up, and the horse is not alert. The long left stroke means "plundering", which means that you use the hard method, draw down and move to the left, and spread out the pen as if to sweep; later generations left the end of the stroke with many pointed peaks and brush it diagonally, which means to spread out and then draw back, which is not the meaning of "grabbing", so the characters are floating and weak. . The short word means "pecking", which is like a bird pecking an object, sharp and fast. It also means that the painting is gradual and sharp like a bird pecking. Those who hold the brush to the right should tighten the pen and move it to the right, smoothing out the strokes, trying their best to spread out and send out the strokes quickly; later generations may have the power of still orchid leaves, where the waves are still graceful and graceful again and again, which is ridiculous. We extend it: First, a person should be like the "point" of the word "Yong", holding the head high, full of confidence and vitality; second, a person should be like the "vertical" of the word "Yong", holding the chest high, full of strength and beauty; Third, a person should be like the "捺" of the word "Yong", elegant and unrestrained, and look down upon all achievements and honors; Fourth, a person should be like the "捺" of the word "Yong", down-to-earth, and do your homework well every day; ——Excerpted from A casual talk about calligraphy (written by Shen Yinmo)