Tai Chi Zhang Sanfeng! Living gods who have lived for more than 200 years. On the ancient and vast land of China, countless sages and sages have been born; among the beautiful mountains and rivers of China, countless strange people have also walked; they may have used their own profound knowledge to Their wise thoughts, or their unique behaviors, influenced and inspired future generations. They all left their own footprints and voices in China's long historical corridor, and they still deeply influence many dragons in this country. descendants. The strange man Zhang Sanfeng is one of these outstanding people. Zhang Sanfeng, a Quanzhen Taoist priest from Wudang during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Quanyi, courtesy name Junbao, Sanfeng and Xuanxuanzi, was born in Yizhou, Liaodong (now southwest of Zhangwu, Liaoning). He was born in the third year of Dingzong in Mongolia in the early Yuan Dynasty (1248). The year of his death is unknown, roughly in the reign of Tomorrow Shun ( 1457-1464). According to folklore, Zhang Sanfeng has a photographic memory, is erudite, can write poems, understand music, is free and uninhibited, and has an unpredictable life. He may eat once every three to five days, or once every two or three months. When he is happy, he walks across mountains and rocks, and when he is tired, he walks The clouds lie in the snow, quite like a fairy. Moreover, his martial arts skills were astonishing. He once killed hundreds of thieves with a single fist and became the founder of the Wudang Sect known as Yang Sihai in later generations. The Tai Chi he created is very different from the previous martial arts. It brings the Taoist martial arts that is different from Bodhidharma to the extreme. It is known as the Taishan Beidou of Chinese martial arts. People at that time called him a "hidden immortal". He did not seek glory and wealth in his life, he lived in seclusion, traveled around the world, and his whereabouts were unpredictable. The first record of Zhang Sanfeng in the Ming Dynasty documents was in "Dayue Taihe Mountain Chronicles" written by Ren Ziyuan (Wudang was named Taihe Mountain in ancient times): "Zhang Quanyi, whose courtesy name is Xuanxuan and whose name is Sanqian. According to legend, who is the descendant of Liuhou? Fengzi Fengzi He is tall and tall, with a turtle-shaped back, big ears and round eyes, a beard and a beard like a halberd, and a bun on the top of his head. He holds a square ruler in his hand and wears a mandarin. He is not afraid of the cold or the heat, whether he is in the mountains or in the busy city, playing freely and casually. There is no one who asks for help, but they don't answer a word all day long, and even talk about the three teachings and scriptures, but they are always based on morality, benevolence, loyalty and filial piety, and there is no falsehood, misfortune or deception. Human beings. Therefore, the mind and supernatural power, the spirit and the Tao are the same, and everything is prescient. Maybe one meal every three to five days, or one meal every two to three months. There is no permanent movement, no permanent residence, and everyone is different. I think I am a person among gods. When Hongwu first came to Wudang, he visited the mountains and searched for the wonders. He once said to Qi: My mountain. The future will be very different from today. I will send Wulong, Nanyan, and Zixiao to Jingzhen to collect rubble. I will order Qiu Xuanqing to live in Wulong, Lu Qiuyun to live in Nanyan, and Liu Guquan and Yang Shancheng to live in Zixiao. . He also looked for the grass and reeds on the ground of Zhanqifeng, and offered the incense of Gao Zhen, saying: Yuzhen Palace. There was a grass nunnery built on the ground of Loess City, saying: Huixian Pavilion, if you can keep the incense well, it was established. Since then, it is not the son. In the 23rd year of Hongwu (1390), Emperor Taizu sent envoys from three mountains to all directions. To clean up Taoism, Zhang Xuanxuan could be invited. Emperor Taizong Wen of the early Yongle Dynasty admired him and sent him incense letters. He sent many envoys to invite him but failed. In the next ten years, he ordered the ministers to believe what he said. " "History of the Ming Dynasty·Fang Ji Biography" records: Zhang Sanfeng, a native of Yizhou, Liaodong, was named Quanyi, named Junbao, and his nickname was Sanfeng. Because of its lack of decoration, it is also called sloppy. Slender and majestic, with a turtle-shaped crane back, big ears and round eyes, and a beard and beard like a halberd. In the cold and hot weather, the only thing left is a straw hat. If you eat it, it will be eaten up. You may eat it once for several days, or you may not eat it for several months. If you don't forget the contents of the book, you will never be able to travel anywhere, or you may be able to travel thousands of miles in a day. He was good at playing and playing, as if there was no one else around. He tried to visit the rock ravines in Wudang and told people: "This mountain will be prosperous in the future." At that time, Wulong, Nanyan, and Zixiao were all destroyed by the army. Sanfeng and his disciples went to Jingzhen, cleared away the rubble, built a thatched hut, and abandoned it. Taizu heard of his name, and in the 24th year of Hongwu's reign he sent envoys to find him but could not find him. Later he lived in Jintai Temple in Baoji. One day he said to himself that he was going to die, and passed away with a tribute left behind. The people of the county buried him in a coffin. After the burial, if you hear a sound in the coffin and look at it, you will be resurrected. Then he traveled to Sichuan and met King Xian of Shu. Returning to Wudang, he traveled through Xiang and Han Dynasties, and his traces became more and more fantastic. During Yongle, Emperor Chengzu sent Hu Ying and his servant Zhu Xiang to visit him. They traveled through desolate areas and did not meet him for several years. He ordered Guo Jin, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, Zhang Xin, the Marquis of Longping, and others to supervise more than 300,000 people in Gudingfu and camp at the Wudang Palace, spending millions of dollars. After it was completed, it was named Taihe Taiyue Mountain, and officials were set up to cast seals to guard it, which was in line with Sanfeng's words. It may be said that he was born in the Jin Dynasty in Sanfeng, and he was the same teacher as Liu Bingzhong in the early Yuan Dynasty, and later studied Taoism in the Taiqing Palace in Luyi, but none of them can be tested. In the third year of Tianshun's reign, Emperor Yingzong granted him a royal edict and gave him the title of Tongwei Xianhua Zhenren, whose survival is ultimately unpredictable. Since these historical materials are almost blank about Zhang Sanfeng's early experiences, it adds to his mystery.
So there are many theories circulating among the people. The most influential one is the Shaolin Temple origin theory created by Mr. Jin Yong in his martial arts novels. In addition, there are also theories about the origin of celebrities in Liaodong, the theory about the origin of county officials, the theory about the origin of Baoji, etc., which are more bizarre. He also discussed Taoism with Qiu Chuji, a real person from Changchun during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. However, judging from his autobiography and "Yun Shui Ji", Zhang Sanfeng read poetry and books in his early years, was a famous scholar in Liaodong ("Denghua Biao Mountain", "Liaoyang Jicui Village"), and also served as a mausoleum in Zhongshan in the Yuan Dynasty. The county magistrate (today's Dingxian County, Hebei Province) was acquainted with Liu Bingzhong, the Prime Minister of the Yuan Dynasty, and Lian Xixian, the famous minister ("Replying Prime Minister Liu Zhonghui from afar", "Answer to Prime Minister Liu", "Lian Pingzhang" recommended his name to Liu Zhonghui as Taibao) and chanted it "This", "Chengliange Lao", etc.). At the age of thirty-two, "I came back to Ji and felt forgotten, and my black gauze was changed into a Taoist costume. In the Ming Dynasty, I went with my sword and qin, but I went up to the Western Mountains to see Taihang" ("Northern Journey at the Age of Thirty-two"). He abandoned his official position and became a monk and traveled to famous mountains to visit Taoism. To seek truth, he first practiced in the Taiqing Palace in Luyi, the birthplace of Laozi, and later studied under Zhennan Mountain Huolong Zhenren, who taught him the secret formula of alchemy and finally enlightened him. In "You You Song" written in 1294, he once sang: "You You Song, You You Song. Forty-eight years is spent in vain, how long can one's lifespan be! For sixteen years, the visits between Yan and Zhao are like passing waves. It is better to carry them with you when you arrive. Playing the harp and sword, straightening the raincoat, walking eastward to Penglai and singing Taoist songs." From this, we can also see some of his birth time and early experiences. After attaining enlightenment through cultivation, Zhang Sanfeng mainly traveled in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places. In the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Sanfeng came to Wudang Mountain and built a thatched hut on the northern border of Zhanqi Peak, and another thatched hut in Budi of Loess City, named "Huixian Pavilion". He once said to the elders in the mountain: "Our mountain will be very different in the future from today." Later, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty really overhauled Wudang Mountain and named it the first of the five mountains, called "Dayue". Wudang was founded, and Zhang Sanfeng came to Jintaiguan, Shaanxi Province. Jintaiguan was built in the late Yuan Dynasty by Baoji celebrity Yang Guisanchu. Later, it became famous because Zhang Sanfeng practiced and preached here. The existing relics and buildings in the temple are all related to Zhang Sanfeng and Taoist culture. The handed down cultural relics "turn-ear jar", Sanfeng's residence, Sanfeng's exercise ground, etc. are all legendary. There is an existing monument in Jintaiguan named "The Remains of Zhang Sanfeng", which was erected by Zhang Yonghuan, Shaanxi's political governor and the right minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, in the sixth year of Tomorrow Shun (1462). It records that his father, Zhang Chaoyong, was studying in the temple when he was 13 years old and traveling around. When Zhang Sanfeng saw this, he asked whose family he was from. Zhang Chaoyong replied that he was originally from the Zhang family in Zhecheng. In order to avoid war in the late Yuan Dynasty, his father Zhang Wei (also known as Shulian, who was the supervisor of the Imperial Academy during the Hongwu period) and his family moved there. Baoji. After hearing this, Zhang Sanfeng sighed and said: I am Zhang Xuanxuan. I met your ancestor Zhang Rong when I traveled to Zhecheng and had contacts with your family. Who is your ancestor named Zhang Yi? Zhang Chaoyong replied: That is my grandfather. Zhang Sanfeng said: He was still a boy when I met him. Zhang Sanfeng encouraged Zhang Chaoyong to study hard so that he could be promoted to the third rank in the future (as a result, he would become the governor of Junzhou). One month later, when Zhang Sanfeng left Jintaiguan, Zhang Chaoyong also went to see him off. "After saying goodbye, I saw that the true immortal walked without walking on the ground, and people at that time were different." Legend has it that one night, five or six young men chatted with Zhang Sanfeng in Sanfeng Cave. One of the young men said that his hometown was originally in Pingliang, Gansu Province, but he had never been back to Pingliang when he was so old. Zhang San asked if he wanted to go back to Pingliang to visit? The young man said he wanted to go, but it was more than four hundred miles away and it was not easy to go there. Zhang Sanfeng said that it would not be difficult if he really wanted to go, so he took out a reed mat and made it into a tube. He put his ear close to one end of the mat tube, listened for a while and said: "Hey, there is a show in Pingliang tonight, and the song is "Wujiapo" ". When everyone heard this, they were very surprised. They all said that the old Taoist was joking with them. When Zhang Sanfeng saw that everyone didn't believe it, he told them to listen. Several young men put their ears close to the mat to listen, the clappers were tinkling, the huqin was chirping, and the singing was clear and exciting. Oh, it was indeed an opera. Zhang Sanfeng asked everyone if they wanted to see it? Everyone expressed their desire to see it. Zhang Sanfeng said: "It's not difficult to go. I can take you there. But there is one condition. You must listen to me and do whatever I tell you to do." Everyone unanimously agreed and asked him urgently when he would go? He said, "Go right away." After that, he loosened and thickened the mat tube, and asked everyone to get in one by one. When he asked everyone to get out of the mat tube, they were already under the stage in Pingliang. Everyone looked back in surprise and saw that the mat was gone and Zhang Sanfeng walked over with a smile on his face. "Let's watch the show now, but don't wander around. We will go back together as soon as the show is over." After watching the play, he took everyone to the river in the north of Pingliang City. The river was flooding at that time. He told everyone not to be afraid, close their eyes, shout one or two, and jump into the river. Everyone did as he asked, and when they opened their eyes, they returned to Jintai Temple. But there was only one person missing in the number of people.
It turned out that the boy was frightened when he saw the flood in the river. He closed his eyes. When Zhang Sanfeng shouted one or two, everyone else jumped, but he did not jump. When he opened his eyes, everyone was gone. He had no choice but to beg along the way, and it took him five or six years to get home. After leaving Jintaiguan, Zhang Sanfeng went to Sichuan to meet King Xian Zhu Chun, and commemorated Zhang Daoling at Heming Mountain in western Sichuan, the birthplace of Taoism; he also traveled throughout Sichuan and Guizhou, visiting Taoism and practicing all the way, and then returned to Wudang and traveled to Xianghan... Thirteen years later, Zhang Sanfeng left Wudang Mountain for the last time and traveled around with no trace of whereabouts. Not long after he left, King Zhu Bai of Hunan visited Mount Wudang, but could not find Zhang Sanfeng. After feeling sad, he wrote a poem "Poem in Praise of Zhang Zhenxian": "Zhang Xuanxuan loves the gods. In the morning he drank the clear stream of Jiudu, and in the evening he stayed in the purple smoke of Nanyan. Good mountain calamity I have been here for several years, but I have not moved with the scenery. I can't find it in the empty mountain, but it is so sad! In the lonely hut, only Lao Mi sleeps under the pine tree." Zhang Sanfeng was quite capable. Several Ming Dynasty records mentioned such a strange incident: Zhang Sanfeng once stayed as a guest at Cao Guogong Li Jinglong's house for dozens of days. When Li Jinglong was leaving, Li Jinglong was reluctant to leave, so Zhang Sanfeng left his bamboo hat and coir raincoat behind him and said: " If the public is not out of the house for a thousand days, there will be no misfortunes. I feel that the public treats each other well, so I keep these two things. In times of emergency, you can put on a hat and circle around and call me." Two years later, Li Jinglong suffered a disaster, his whole family was placed under house arrest, and the imperial court cut off food supplies. The whole government was about to run out of food. Remembering Zhang Sanfeng's instructions, he put on a bamboo hat and a raincoat, walked around in a circle and shouted Zhang Sanfeng's name. After a while, there was an empty space in the house. It was full of rice, which matured in less than a month. It was thanks to this food that the whole government did not starve to death, and it was able to survive until the imperial court banned the supply of grain and rice. If you try again later when you have food, this method will be ineffective. "De'an Mansion Annals" records that "Zhang Zaifeng lived in Taiping Mountain, and he was particularly good with the sects at the foot of the mountain. His boy often traveled with him. The boy said: Zhang often travels with me, but he closes his eyes and peeks one day. It was in the air. Sanfeng was not happy when he heard about it, so he left him alone. He bowed to the envoys and went down the mountain to get a fire. He went back forty miles and came to buy tofu again. When my father returned home, he asked me to return the property from the king's house in Xiguan, Tang Dynasty. When I went to the tofu market, my father-in-law went to Taiping Mountain in Tang Dynasty. After ten miles, I finally found Sanfeng but didn’t know where I was.” "Laoshan Chronicles" written by Huang Langsheng in the early Qing Dynasty said: "In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, there was Zhang Sanfeng, who came from Yunmen, Qingzhou, and lived at the foot of Laoshan Mountain. The resident Su Guanliyan. In the early days of the city, there were no winter flowers, and Sanfeng brought them from the island. A book was published and planted in front of the courtyard. Despite the heavy snowfall in the middle of winter, the leaves are becoming greener and the flowers are blooming in the first month of the year. The flowers are bright and lovely. In the past three hundred years, the Kegan tree is still the same size as before, and even the tillers have not been planted separately." Zhang Sanfeng is also proficient in medicine. When he was at Wang Jingyun's house, Jingyun's wife wanted to buy Zhenjiang vinegar. After hearing this, Zhang Sanfeng asked her to clean the vinegar jar, took out the small gourd he brought with him and poured it into it. The vinegar that flowed out of the small gourd was already filled with vinegar. The two cylinders are full but have not drained out yet. A woman next door to his house was sick and about to die. After Zhang Sanfeng went to see her, he said, "It is possible to live. You can live with me for one night, otherwise you will not survive." The woman's family agreed, and Zhang Sanfeng got on the bed and rubbed his feet against the sick girl's. The sick girl felt heat flow from her heart, and she was cured the next day, and recovered as before in three days. In a restaurant in the capital, there was a lunatic boy with rotten hands and feet and almost no physical condition. One day, I saw a Taoist man in poor clothes coming to beg for wine. The boy was waiting for his master but he didn't see it. He gave me a cup of wine. This happened for two months. The Taoist said: Your illness can be cured, because the boy is asked to tilt his head and breathe into his ears. The heat will be like steaming, and it will be worse tomorrow. "Shaanxi Tongzhi" records that Zhang Ke, a student, met Zhang Sanfeng in Chaoyang Cave of Zhougong Temple. His clothes were uncovered and his face was dirty. Zhang Ke ignored him. It was snowing heavily at that time and when he was preparing to cook, Zhang Sanfeng went out for a while and took the fresh vegetables he had just picked. When he came back, he said it was taken from Chengdu. Zhang Ke didn't believe it and ran outside the door to see that there were no footprints in the snow. Before leaving, Zhang Sanfeng told him: I am Xuan Xuanzi Zhang Sanfeng. Asked what he wished for, Zhang Ke said: "Kunwu has no memory." So Zhang Sanfeng blew his ear and repeatedly said: I make you smart, so you should study and never forget it. Later, Zhang Ke indeed became the judge of Jieyuan in the 12th year of Jiawu in Yongle (1414). Zhang Sanfeng was also proficient in the study of Kanyu and the art of fortune-telling, and could know future generations and predict the future. "New Chronicles of Guizhou Illustrations" records, "I wonder who this person is, Immortal Zhang? He came to live in Gaozhen Temple in Hongwujian, and with the commander Zhang Xinshan, he taught the letter to the burial place and said: A long dragon from far away comes from the north, and the veins flow into Youjian The monk's platform. The recess in the front peak is like a tomb, and I have left the letter and said: "See you again at Wudang Mountain." During the Longping period, I supervised the construction of Wudang Temple and saw him again.
"Yuping County Chronicle" records: "In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhang Sanfeng lived under the Stone Lotus Peak with a ladle and a lid. He came and went to the city without any trace. The construction of the Bell and Drum Towers and the direction of the foundation site were all decided by him. He left it behind and said: ' A hundred years later, no one in Pingxi said that he had tested it, and it was destroyed by Zhang. Later, in the second year of Yongli and the fourth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1647), the Bell and Drum Tower was ravaged by the defeated troops of Zhang Xianbi, the general town of Nanming, and was burned and looted. "Xiangfu County Chronicle" records that Zhang Sanfeng "lived in Bianyan Qingguan in the early days of Hongwu. When Wang Yu, the minister of Dali Temple, was a child, Sanfeng passed by there and changed his mind, saying: This child will be distinguished one day, and the consequences will be as he said." In addition, Zhang Sanfeng is also proficient in music, good at playing the piano and playing fish and drums. His disciple Qiu Xuanqing, who held the official position of Minister of Taichang Temple in charge of imperial sacrificial rituals, brought the Taoist music of Wudang Mountain to the Ming Dynasty court at that time. Because Zhang Sanfeng was free and uninhibited, his whereabouts were unpredictable. Sometimes he lived in seclusion in the mountains and sometimes wandered around the rivers and lakes. He won a good reputation for his high concealment, deep escape, chivalry and righteousness. There are more and more strange legends about him among the people, the government and the public, and his reputation is getting higher and higher. In the 17th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, issued a special edict to ask for an audience, but he was not able to do so. In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu (1391), Zhu Yuanzhang sent high Taoist envoys from three mountains to all directions to clean up Taoism. At that time, Quanzhen Sect had declined and Tianshi Sect had become the orthodox Taoist religion. Because of Zhang Sanfeng's fame, Zhu Yuanzhang specifically asked Zhang Yuchu, the 43rd generation Tianshi who led Taoism in the world, to look around twice in person: "If there is Zhang Xuanxuan, please invite him." Come". This shows its impact. Later, Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, also wanted very much to "invite Zhang Sanfeng," the "true immortal" who had great influence among the people, to the imperial court, and sent people to look for him many times. And to Zhang Sanfeng's "Imperial Letter": "The emperor pays homage to the true immortal of the book, Mr. Zhang Sanfeng: I have admired the true immortal for a long time, and I am eager to personally inherit the etiquette and example. I have sent envoys to offer incense and enshrine the book, and to visit famous mountains to devoutly invite you. The true immortal has high morals, I am beyond all things, my genius is mediocre, but I never forget my sincere desire to see you. I will send my envoys to offer incense and pious invitations, and wait for them to arrive in honor of me. In the arms of the fist, I worship the book on the tenth day of the second month of the tenth year of Yongle." This shows his eagerness and admiration. Zhang Sanfeng had no intention of meeting his Majesty, so he composed a poem and handed it to Emperor Yongle from his disciple Sun Biyun: The holy master's personal instructions are the eternal inheritance of Mingfang. How many people know it? How to supplement, the machine of yin and yang, take the solid substance in the ridge, a branch of golden flower dew, the clouds of joy will bloom in the sky, the auspicious light will block the dead base, return to the point of fainting, as drunk and as crazy, the great elixir is like millet, and the shell will prove inaction. , You can travel all over the world, and there are pearls in the palm of all things. If you can take this medicine, your life span will be as long as that of heaven and earth. If you don't prolong your life, all my words are right and wrong. The golden elixir weighs one kilogram. Close your eyes and keep your mind calm. You can only take it at home. Why go out and refine it into mercury for women? Swallow the male essence of Kan. The golden elixir is combined with the fire throat, and the vowels are spoken in every mouth. Chengzu also rewarded Zhang Sanfeng's disciple Youzheng Yixuxuan's descendant Sun Biyunzhi, saying: I admire the true immortal teacher Zhang Sanfeng. He has noble morals, is mysterious and transcends all things, and is the best in ancient and modern times. The original intention became more and more intense as time went by, so I sent envoys with only incense and books, asking for them in all directions. I have been accumulating them for many years, but they have not yet arrived. I heard that when Wudang met Zhen'an, the place where Zhenxian teacher He Yu traveled must not be disrespected. Now I want to build a monastery to express my sincerity and admiration. You will go and examine the land, determine its width and width, and determine its regulations. After hearing all about it, I will predict the future and build it. You should be deeply considerate of me and try your best to accomplish the great feat of cooperating with me. Since no one has been able to visit Zhang Sanfeng, who has "the art of long-term vision and extraordinary ability to enter the world", this Wudang wonder has become a mystery and is admired by future generations. In order to express his sincerity, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty personally ordered the construction of the "Yuzhen Palace" and ordered a group of Zhang Sanfeng statues to be placed in the middle of the hall for people to worship. In the 15th year of Yongle, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty sent more than 300,000 military and civilian craftsmen to overhaul the Wudang Palace and put people on guard. The supreme emperor carried out extensive construction work for a Taoist priest in Wudang Mountain, built palaces, enshrined statues, and sent officials to sweep the temple. This is unique in Chinese history. In the third year of Tianshun reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty (1459), Zhang Sanfeng was granted the title of "Tongwei Xianhua Zhenren". In the 22nd year of Chenghua (1486), Xianzong was granted the title of "Taoguang Shangzhi True Immortal". In the 42nd year of Jiajing reign (1563), Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty was granted the title of "Qingxu Yuanmiao Zhenjun". In the third year of Tianqi (1623), Emperor Jiazong claimed that Zhang Sanfeng descended to the altar and appeared as a spirit, and was named "The True Monarch of Feilong Manifestation, Hongren and Benefiting the World". The admiration and praise of the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, and the deification of the Taoist sect, made Zhang Sanfeng's immortal legend last forever. The legend that he had encountered Zhang Sanfeng's preaching was still heard from time to time until the Qing Dynasty. Zhang Sanfeng's greatest influence on later generations was the creation of the Wudang School of Kung Fu in Chinese martial arts. It is said that Zhang Sanfeng accidentally saw an eagle and a snake fighting each other while traveling on Guishan Mountain. After careful observation, he was greatly inspired.
He believes that the posture adopted by snakes when attacking and defending very vividly demonstrates the true meaning of internal martial arts: using softness to overcome hardness, attacking from behind, judging the size of the box, and defeating the enemy by catching and closing. It fully complies with the contradictory dialectical relationship of "softness and hardness, static and dynamic, and straight and straight" expounded by Laozi. The ontology of Taoist philosophy is "Tao". It is believed that there is an eternal "Tao" between heaven, earth and man. It nurtures and evolves all things, and also restricts all things. Its existence is formless, without beginning and end; its behavior is soft, silent, and inactive; its manifestations are soft, quiet, void, empty, round, neutral, upright, and harmonious. These can be summarized by Tai Chi, Yin and Yang, Five Elements, and Bagua. Zhang Sanfeng, who is deeply aware of the Taoist view that all things follow nature and is influenced by the concept of the balance of yin and yang, the coexistence of movement and stillness, so based on the Taoist theory of "Tao follows nature" and "keeping the soft virginity", he combined the Taoist inner alchemy, the health master's Daoyin technique, and the martial artist's After combining, compiling and evolving the boxing techniques, he finally created a unique martial art with internal alchemy as the body, martial arts as the purpose, health preservation as the first priority, body defense as the key, using softness to overcome hardness, using stillness to stop, leveraging force to strike, and attacking later. Wudang Neijiaquan’s techniques, movement systems and forms have left a valuable cultural heritage to future generations. Zhang Sanfeng's thought has the common characteristics of Taoist thought in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, advocating that the three religions have the same origin. Zhang Sanfeng believes that Taoism has been spread since ancient times and can be divided into two sects: good and evil. The three religions of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are all orthodox religions. Although the founders of the three religions are different, they all "cultivate oneself and benefit others, and they all tend to be the same." Therefore, "Muni, Confucius, and Lao are all named Tao." He said in "The Theory of the Great Dao": "I am not a talented person. I have studied hundreds of schools, synthesized the three religions, and realized that the three religions are the same. A Confucian cannot become a Confucian if he deviates from this Tao, and a Buddha cannot become a Buddha if he deviates from this Tao." , Immortals cannot become immortals without this Tao, and the Immortal family is specifically called Taoism, and it is more important to follow this Tao. Pingyun said: Confucianism is one who practices Taoism to save time; Buddhism is one who understands Taoism and awakens the world. He is also an immortal, and he is a person who hides the way to save people. Each one talks about the beauty of his own, and together he talks about the benefits of unity. Why bother talking about right and wrong?" He advocated that those who practice Taoism should cultivate the way of "yin, yang, nature, and life". , "The saints of the three religions all established their teachings based on this way." He also believed that "metaphysics takes merit as its body and golden elixir as its function, and then one can become an immortal." This is the excellence of Zhang Sanfeng’s inner elixir thought. Under the theoretical premise of the three religions and one family, Zhang Sanfeng elaborated on his unique inner alchemy method. He first emphasized establishing a foundation and refining oneself. The foundation is based on ethical practice, emphasizing that mortals are not limited to high or low, virtuous or foolish, old or young, as long as they practice yin virtues, be benevolent, compassionate, loyal, filial, trustworthy and sincere, and are fully humane, so they are naturally not far away from the immortal path. For example, he said in "Xuanji Zhidao": "The most important thing in cultivating the Tao is self-cultivation, but self-cultivation must first be righteous and sincere. If the mind is sincere and the heart is righteous, all material desires will be eliminated, and then we will talk about the foundation of the foundation." The foundation method of "righteousness and sincerity" obviously integrates the thoughts of Confucianism and Taoism. Furthermore, he believes that refining oneself means refining one’s nature, mind, and intentions. He said in "Tao Love Song": "Refining the nature before refining the elixir, cultivating the mind before cultivating the great medicines, cultivating the heart with natural elixirs and believing in them, and pure nature with natural medicinal materials." Basically, if the mind is clear, one can practice great elixirs. Regarding the relationship between the heart and nature, his discussion is also very delicate. He said: The great road starts with cultivating the heart and refining the nature. Those who cultivate their minds are dedicated to their intentions, and those who refine their natures are nourishing their natures. Those who are determined to strengthen the city and prevent the houses from collapsing are building foundations. Those who nourish the nature should pour and cultivate the Yin'e to make the internal medicine complete, which is to refine one's self. Obviously, Zhang Sanfeng's inner alchemy completely inherited the tradition of centrality of the Quanzhen Northern School, emphasizing the importance of sincerity and authenticity in practicing inner alchemy. Although he does not equate the heart with nature, that is to say, theoretically he does not hold the Xinxue style of "heart is reason", but has the Neo-Confucian tendency of "nature is reason", but he emphasizes that the cultivation of inner elixir is It is necessary to refine the true heart and cultivate the true nature. The true heart (that is, the original heart) and the true nature are essentially the same. In fact, Zhang Sanfeng also combined the practice of true heart and true energy with the Confucian loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness. For example, he said: "Without true heart and true energy, we will not be able to be loyal, filial, and upright. For example, those who are loyal and filial are sincere, and those who are upright are true. "Zhen Qi." In this way, Zhenxin is not only the foundation of Taoist inner alchemy practice, but also the foundation of Confucian moral Kung Fu theory. This kind of integration of Taoism and Confucianism using sincerity and authenticity as the foundation not only reconciles the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism, but also provides positive inspiration for the development of mind science and expands a broad space. Zhang Sanfeng left many works, such as "Essentials of the Golden Elixir", "Secrets of the Golden Elixir", "Song of the Return of Gold Liquid to the Elixir", "Twenty-Four Purposes of the Rootless Tree", "Song of the True Immortal of Diyuan", etc., which were published in the Ming Dynasty. Issue. Li Xiyue, a native of the Qing Dynasty, compiled "The Complete Works of Mr. Zhang Sanfeng" and included it in "Tao Zang Ji Yao".
The testable disciples of Zhang Sanfeng include the Four Immortals of Taihe: Lu Qiuyun, Liu Guquan, Yang Shancheng, and Zhou Zhende. The second nature: Li Xingzhi, Chen Xingchang (1435--?) The second sect: Li Xuanzong, Wang Daozong (1345--1415) The second cultivation: The three major disciples of Zhang Qingxiu and Li Jingxiu: Qiu Xuanqing (1327--1393), Sun Biyun (1345--1417), Shen Wansan (1307--1373) The Seven Heroes of Wudang: Song Yuanqiao (1295--1380), Yu Lianzhou (1303--1387) ), Yu Daiyan (1306--1379 AD), Zhang Songxi (1310--1394), Zhang Cuishan (1313--1346), Yin Liting (1318--1403), Mo Shenggu (1323--1357)