Su Shi (pronunciation): sū shì
[Edit this paragraph] Overview
Su Shi (1037～1101) was a Northern Song Dynasty man with the courtesy name Zizhan and He. Zhong, nicknamed "Dongpo Jushi" and posthumously named Wenzhong, died at the age of 66. In the 6th year of Emperor Gaozong's reign in the Southern Song Dynasty, he was given as a gift to the Grand Master and given the posthumous title "Wenzhong". A native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, he is the fifth son of his father Su Xun. He is a famous writer, calligrapher, painter, essayist, poet, poet and representative of the bold and unconstrained poets in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), he and his younger brother Su Zhe became Jinshi. He was awarded the title of Dali judge and signed a letter to the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. In the second year of Xining (1069), when his father's mourning period expired, he returned to the court and sued the court for the magistrate. He had political disagreements with Wang Anshi and opposed the implementation of the new law. He asked for a foreign post and became the general judge of Hangzhou. He moved to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong) and then to Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he suffered the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was responsible for being appointed deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province). He was placed in the state and was not allowed to sign official documents. Zhe Zongli, Empress Dowager Gao came to the court, and was restored to the imperial court of Fenglang Zhidengzhou (today's Penglai, Shandong); four months later, he moved to be a doctor of the Ministry of Rites; within ten days of his appointment, in addition to the living room staff, he moved to the middle school room, and then moved to the middle school room. Hanlin scholars know how to make imperial edicts and pay tribute to the Ministry of Rites. In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), he went to know Hangzhou, and later changed his knowledge to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), Zhezong was in charge of his own affairs and was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and then to Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan). Huizong ascended the throne and returned to the north after being pardoned. He died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu Province) in 1101, the first year of Jianzhong's reign, at the age of sixty-six, and was buried in Jiacheng County, Ruzhou (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province). He, his father Su Xun (1009-1066) and his younger brother Su Zhe (1039-1112) are all famous for their literature, and are known as the "Three Sus" in the world; they are as famous as the "Three Cao Fathers and Sons" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) in the late Han Dynasty . "Three Su" refers to the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties. The Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties are the collective name for the eight representative prose writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Che in the Song Dynasty (Su Xun is Su Shi. Su Che's father, Su Shi (Su Che's brother), Wang Anshi, and Zeng Gong. (Divided into two schools of Tang Dynasty and six schools of Song Dynasty), their works include "Dongpo Seven Collections", "Dongpo Yuefu", etc. Politically, it belongs to the old party led by Sima Guang.
[Edit this paragraph] Life of Su Shi
His father Su Xun is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in the "Twenty-seven" in the "Three Character Classic". Although Su Xun got angry late, he worked very hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled studying with his father when he was young, and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's diligent study, it would have been impossible for Su Shi to receive a good tutor at a young age, let alone "study the classics and history, and write thousands of words a day" when he was still young, and it would be even less possible for him to have a literary career in the future. Achievement.
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was twenty-one years old, left Sichuan for the first time to go to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with his article "On the Perfection of Honesty in Punishments and Rewards". However, he accidentally got the second place in the high school Jinshi.
In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign (1061), Su Shi took the high school examination, which is commonly known as the "Three Years of Beijing Examination", and entered the third class, becoming the "No. 1 in a century". He was awarded Dali Commentary Matter, signed letter to the judge of Fengxiang Mansion. Later, when his father died of illness in Bianjing, Ding You returned home to support the funeral. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the court after completing his service and was still granted his post. When he entered the court as an official, it was when the political crisis began to appear in the Northern Song Dynasty. Behind the prosperity was the crisis. At this time, Shenzong came to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the reform. Many of Su Shi's mentors, including Ouyang Xiu, his mentor who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing due to political disagreements with the new prime minister Wang Anshi on the implementation of the new law. The old rain in the government and the field has withered, and what Su Shi sees in his eyes is no longer the "peaceful world" he saw when he was twenty.
On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm the new law had done to ordinary people, and he disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi's approach. He believed that the new law was not convenient for the people, so he wrote a letter to oppose it. One result of this is that, like his mentors and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not tolerated by the court. So Su Shi asked to be released to the outside world and was transferred to Hangzhou Tongpan.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term was completed, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places as the magistrate of the state. His political achievements were outstanding and he won the hearts of the people.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi encountered the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss about it.
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), less than three months after Su Shi arrived in Huzhou, he was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems that satirized the new law and "slandered the emperor and prime minister in writing". This is known as the "Wutai Poetry Case" in history.
Su Shi spent 103 days in jail and was almost on the verge of being beheaded. Fortunately, the Northern Song Dynasty made a national policy not to kill scholar-bureaucrats during the reign of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, so Su Shi escaped the disaster.
After being released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian (equivalent to the deputy captain of the modern civilian Self-Defense Forces). This position was quite humble. At this time, Su Shi had become discouraged after going to prison. During his spare time, he led his family to reclaim a piece of sloping land in the east of the city and farm to help make ends meet. It was at this time that he came up with the nickname "Dongpo Jushi".
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), the seventh year of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and exhaustion from the journey, Su Shi's infant died unfortunately. The road to Ruzhou was far away, and the travel expenses had been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, but to live in Changzhou first, which was later approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died.
Zhezong ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Gao took over the government, the New Party collapsed, and Sima Guang was re-appointed as prime minister. Su Shi was summoned back to the court that year as a doctor in the Ministry of Rites. In the first half of the morning, he was promoted to Jusheren. Three months later, he was promoted to Zhongshusheren. Soon after, he was promoted to Hanlin scholar Zhizhigao.
As the saying goes: "It's not easy to be a Beijing official." When Su Shi saw that the emerging forces were desperately suppressing the figures in Wang Anshi's group and abolishing the new laws, he believed that they were just the same as the so-called "royal party" and once again asked the emperor Make suggestions.
Su Shi could neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for external transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou to serve as the governor after an absence of sixteen years. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredging the West Lake and using the excavated mud to build a dam next to the West Lake, which is also the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi lived very comfortably in Hangzhou, compared with Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091), he was recalled to the court. But soon he was sent to Yingzhou because of political differences. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), the new party came to power again and was demoted again. After Huizong came to the throne, he transferred Lianzhou resettlement, Shuzhou Tuanlian deputy envoy, and Yongzhou resettlement. In the third year of Yuanfu (1101), a general amnesty was granted, and he was reinstated as Chaofeng Lang. On his way back to the north, he died in Changzhou, and his posthumous title was Wenzhong. He died at the age of sixty-six.
[Edit this paragraph] Literary and artistic achievements
Su Shi’s literary views are in the same vein as Ouyang Xiu, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thought emphasizes "doing something for something", advocating nature, getting rid of constraints, "creating new ideas in laws and regulations, and expressing wonderful principles in boldness". He believes that compositions should reach the artistic realm of "like flowing clouds and flowing water, with no definite quality at first, but always doing what they should do and always stopping at what they must do. Natural literature and science, full of gestures" ("A Letter of Thanks to Minshi"). Su Shi's prose writings are rich, and he is also known as the third family of Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is easy and smooth, bold and free. Shi Dehong's "Postscript to Dongpo (Left and Right Yun) Chi Lu" said: "The writing is as smooth as the quality of water, spreading out and spreading, so its waves will naturally become written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu are both called "Ou Su", and they are "Ou Su". One of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Su Shi was the leader who presided over the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. He enjoyed a huge reputation among the writers at that time. There were many people who made friends with him or accepted his guidance at one time, including the Northern Song writers Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao Buzhi and Zhang Leidu. He has been trained, rewarded and recommended by him. Therefore, they are called the Four Scholars of Sumen.
There are about 4,000 Su poems in existence. His poems are broad in content and diverse in style. They are mainly bold and unrestrained, with vertical and horizontal strokes, endless changes, and romanticism, which opened up a new path for the development of Song poetry. . Xie Zhou's "Original Poems" said: "Su Shi's poems have opened up a realm unprecedented in ancient and modern times. Everything in the world laughs and curses, and they are all inspired by the writing." Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry Talk" said: "Take text as poetry , starting from Changli, to Dongpo, he became more and more eloquent, opened up new perspectives, and became a grand view of the generation... Especially those who are unreachable, they are born with a strong pen, as refreshing as a sad pear, and they can be cut quickly. There is a hidden secret that must be reached, and it is not difficult to reveal it. This is why he became a great poet after Li and Du, but he is not as good as Li and Du because of this. "His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors, and have a unique style in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of their luxury and arrogance. Ci Kai is bold and unrestrained, which has a great influence on future generations. "Nian Nujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou·Bingchen Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely recited. Poems include "Seven Collections of Dongpo" and so on.
Su Shi's poems, which have more than 340 existing poems, break through the narrow themes of love and separation between men and women, and have broad social content. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of Chinese poetry. He expanded the spirit of the Northern Song Dynasty's poetry innovation movement to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional Ci style since the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and created the Bold Ci School that stood side by side with the Graceful School. He expanded the subject matter of Ci and enriched the artistic conception of Ci. It broke through the boundaries of poetry in Shizhuang and made a significant contribution to the innovation and development of poetry. Famous works include "Nian Nujiao", "Shui Diao Ge Tou", etc., which pioneered the bold style of poetry, and was called "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji. Liu Chenweng said in the "Preface to Xin Jiaxuan's Ci": "When the words reach the east slope, they are upright and upright, like poetry, like writing, and like the wonders of heaven and earth."
Su Shi is also good at running and regular script, and he is the same as Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang is also known as the "Four Families of the Song Dynasty". He studied famous masters of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and benefited from Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became his own family and created his own ideas. The writing style is plump and full of emotions, giving it a sense of innocence and innocence. Zi said: "I can't create my own calligraphy"; another said: "I come up with new ideas and do not follow the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, he was very good at using the pen, but he was not as good as the boss who gradually approached nature"; another said: "When he arrived in Huangzhou Later, his strokes were extremely powerful. "In his later years, he had the momentum of overseas turmoil, and his knowledge, broadmindedness, and knowledge were outstanding, and he experienced many ups and downs in his life. His calligraphy style is full of ups and downs, innocent and vast. You can imagine his calligraphy by looking at it. As a person. At that time, his brothers and nephews You, Mai, and Guo, and his friends Wang Dingguo and Zhao Lingju all learned from him; later historical celebrities such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan, and Zhang Zhidong in the Qing Dynasty also learned from him. They all learned from him, which shows his great influence. Huang Tingjian said in "Valley Collection": "Those who are good at calligraphy in this dynasty should naturally recommend (Su) as the first." ), which is simpler and more powerful than the text, and has the potential to dance. Mi Fu said that he "made black bamboo from the ground to the top." I asked: Why not divide it into sections one by one? He said: When the bamboo is growing, how can it be done section by section?" He is also good at making dead wood and strange rocks. Mi Fu also said: "The branches of dead wood are curled and curved for no reason; the stones are hard and cracked, and they are also strange and strange for no reason, just like the depression in his chest." It can be seen that his paintings are full of fantasy and far-reaching ideas. He has outstanding views on both calligraphy and painting, and his influence on painting is even more profound. For example, it attaches great importance to spiritual resemblance, and believes that "paintings are based on resemblance in form, seeing children as neighbors", advocating that there is emotion outside the painting, and the painting should have sustenance, opposing resemblance in form, and opposing the constraints of routine, advocating "the originality of poetry and painting, natural craftsmanship and freshness", and clearly stated The concept of "scholar painting", etc., highly praised the artistic attainments of "painting within poetry, poetry within painting". It laid the theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The surviving writings include "Poems about Cold Food in Huangzhou", "Chibi Ode", "Essays in Appreciation to Civil Teachers", "Ji Dao Wen in Honor of Huang", "Previous Chibi Ode", etc. The surviving paintings include "Scroll of Ancient Trees and Strange Rocks" and "Scroll of Bamboo and Stone"; and the "Scroll of Bamboo and Stone of Xiaoxiang" discovered in recent years is also his work.
Su Shi achieved pinnacle achievements in poetry, prose, ci, calligraphy, painting, etc. in the Song Dynasty when there were many talents. He is a rare literary and artistic genius in Chinese history.
[Edit this paragraph] Wutai Poetry Case
Song Shenzong reused Wang Anshi’s reform during the Xining period (1068-1077). After the reform failed, he again used Wang Anshi’s reform during the Yuanfeng period (1078). ——1085) engaged in restructuring. At the turning point from reform to restructuring, the Su Shi Wutai Poetry Case occurred. This case was first reported by the supervisory censor Li Ding, and was later tried in Yushitai Prison. Yushitai has been nicknamed "Wutai" since the Han Dynasty, so the case is called the "Wutai Poetry Case".
During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi opposed the New Law and expressed his dissatisfaction with the New Deal in his poems. Since he was a leader in the literary world at the time, allowing Su Shi's poems to spread in society would be detrimental to the implementation of the New Deal. Therefore, with Shenzong's acquiescence, Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned in Wutai for four months. Every day he was forced to explain the origin of the poems he had written and the sources of allusions in his words.
Due to the Song Dynasty's custom of not killing scholar-bureaucrats, Su Shi escaped death, but was demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian.
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi moved to Huzhou (Wuxing County, Zhejiang Province). In July, he was arrested and imprisoned by Huangfu Zun and others sent by Yushitai. They testified that Su Shi was in the poem Distorting facts and slandering the court.
Censors Li Ding, He Zhengchen, Shu Yu and others cited Su Shi's "Hangzhou Chronicle Poems" as evidence, saying that he "played with the imperial court and ridiculed national affairs", and even from his other poems One or two sentences were dug out of the article and were taken out of context to convict, such as: "Reading thousands of books without reading the laws will lead to Jun Yao and Shun knowing no skills." Originally, Su Shi said that he had not read books such as laws thoroughly, so he could not help the emperor. He became a saint like Yao and Shun, but they said he was satirizing the emperor for failing to teach and supervise the officials according to the law; another example is "If the East China Sea has a clear idea, it should be taught to rebuke the land and turn it into a mulberry field", saying that he is criticizing the measure of building water conservancy projects. wrong. In fact, Su Shi himself was building water conservancy projects in Hangzhou. How could he think that was wrong? Another example is "How could it be that I forgot to understand the taste after smelling it, and I have eaten without salt in the past three months?" It is said that he is sarcastically banning people from selling salt. To sum up, it was determined that he dared to ridicule the emperor and the prime minister, which was a heinous crime and should be sentenced to death.
Su Shi was tortured in the Yushitai, and he admitted that he could not escape the death penalty. In the end, he was able to escape death. On December 28 of that year, by the grace of Shenzong, he was sentenced to exile in Huangzhou (Huanggang County, Hubei Province). Su Shi was detained for nearly a hundred days and was later released from Yushitai Prison. Later generations compiled the complaint and confession of this case into a "Wutai Poetry Case". "Wutai" means Yushitai. "Han Shu·Zhu Bo Biography": "At that time, the wells in more than 100 areas of the official residences of Wu Yushi Mansion were exhausted; there were also cypress trees in the mansion, and thousands of wild crows often lived on them. ." Later generations called Yushi Mansion Wufu and Yushi Terrace Wutai. Since the initiators of this case were all officials of the Yushitai, including the Yushi Zhongcheng Li Ding, the supervising Yushi Lixing (the trainee historian of the Yushitai) Shu Tan, He Zhengchen, etc., it was called the "Wutai Poetry Case" ".
The reason for Su Shi's disaster, in addition to the above-mentioned "unfounded charges", is said to be because he offended Wang Anshi, the prime minister at the time. The incident was recorded in people's notes at that time.
It is said that when Su Shi was the Minister of Rites in the imperial court, one day, he went to Wang Anshi's study, Wuzhai, to find Wang Anshi. The king was not there, and Su Shi saw a poem with only two sentences on the table in Wuzhai. The unfinished poem - "The bright moon barks on the branches, and the yellow dog lies in the heart of the flower."
Su Dongpo looked at it again and again, and he wondered, how could the bright moon bark on the branches? How could the yellow dog lie on the flower heart? Thought it was inappropriate. So he changed his pen and changed the poem to "The bright moon shines in the sky, and the yellow dog lies in the shade of the flowers."
After Wang Anshi came back, he was extremely dissatisfied with Su Shi's changes to his poems, so he demoted him to Hepu. After Su Dongpo arrived in Hepu, he went out for a walk one day and saw a group of children gathered in front of a bunch of flowers and shouted: "Yellow dog Luo Luo, black dog Luo Luo, come out quickly? Luo Luo, Luo Luo Luo." Su Dongpo Out of curiosity, I walked over and asked the child what he was shouting. The child said, "Let's tell the bug to come out quickly so we can catch it." Su Dongpo walked closer to the flower and saw several small yellow and black insects as big as sesame seeds squirming in the stamens. He also asked the child what kind of insect this was? The child said: yellow dog worm, black dog worm. Su Dongpo left the flowers and came to the foot of a banyan tree. When he heard a crisp bird call on the tree, he asked others, what kind of bird call was it? Someone else replied: This is called the Moon Bird. At this moment, Su Dongpo suddenly realized that he had wrongly corrected Wang Anshi's poem.
The authenticity of this record cannot be tested. From a historical point of view, Wang Anshi punished Su Shi and wrongly changed two lines of the poem. It does not seem to be the real reason why Wang Anshi hated Su Shi. The essential reason was Su Shi's political opposition to Wang Anshi's reform. Therefore, Su Shi had difficulties in his official career.
[Edit this paragraph] Changes in Su Shi’s poetry style before and after the Wutai Poetry Case
In July 1079, when Su Shi took office in Huzhou, he was convicted and imprisoned for the Wutai Poetry Case. In January of the following year, he was exiled to Huangzhou. Before the Shi case, Su Shi had successively served as magistrate of Mizhou, prefect of Xuzhou and prefect of Huzhou since he was appointed magistrate of Hangzhou in 1071, with outstanding political achievements. The overall style of his poetry works is that of a long day in the desert, while the content mostly points to official life to express political pride. After the Poetry Case, although he became a Hanlin scholar for a period of time, his works lacked the boldness and elegance of Jun, Yao and Shun. Instead, he turned more and more to nature and the understanding of life. As for his exile in Danzhou, Huizhou in his later years, his indifferent and broad-minded state of mind became more obvious. Inheriting the style of Huangzhou's works, he restrained his life's thoughts and moved things at leisure to achieve a state of tranquility.
Taking Wutai Poetry Case as the boundary, Su Shi's poetry works have inheritance and obvious differences in creation.
Behind the "going back" complex that runs throughout, we see that the poet's writing style gradually changes from the boyish sighing for no reason, to the helplessness of middle age and the broad-mindedness of old age - getting older and more mature, which leads to dullness.
First of all, in terms of subject matter, Su Shi's early works mainly reflected Su Shi's "specific political worries", and then his works focused on the "broad worries of life", hating evil as much as hatred, and encountering evil. , then "like a fly on the stage, it will spit out". His flowing works triggered the Wutai Poetry Case. Huangzhou's relegated life made him "the harshness of satire, the sharpness of his writing, as well as his tension and anger, all disappeared. What appeared in their place was a kind of radiant warmth, kindness and tolerance. Mellow and mature, Thorough and profound.”
Secondly, in terms of culture, Confucianism was respected in the early period, while Taoism and Buddhism were respected in the later period.
In the early stage, he had the social responsibility advocated by Confucianism, and he was deeply concerned about the sufferings of the people; in the later stage, especially after being demoted twice, he advocated Taoist culture more and returned to Buddhism, trying to make a difference in religion. be liberated. He was deeply inspired by the Buddhist teaching that "the ordinary mind is the Tao" and lived a real farmer's life in Huangzhou, Huizhou, Danzhou and other places, and enjoyed it.
Thirdly, in terms of style, the early works are majestic and unrestrained like floods breaking through embankments, while the later works are ethereal and timeless, simple and light, like the fragrance of deep willows and white pear flowers.
As far as lyrics are concerned, looking at Su Shi's more than 300 lyrics, there are only a few works that are truly bold and bold. According to Mr. Zhu Jinghua's statistics, similar works account for ten percent of all Su Shi's lyrics. About one-third of them were mostly concentrated in Xuzhou, Mizhou, which was the mainstream of creation in that period. Although these works are not dominant in quantity, they truly reflect Su Shi's mentality of actively pursuing official career during that period. Some of the later works not only have the style of local customs, but also entertain the guests, and are beautiful and charming. Such as chanting about objects and romance, describing travels and scenery, feeling nostalgic about the past, giving and leaving farewells, pastoral scenery, talking about Zen and reasoning, they are almost all-encompassing and colorful. And this part accounts for about nine out of ten of Su Shi's poems, and there is a strong sense of Zhuangzi turning into a butterfly and forgetting everything. At this point, he has expelled all dissatisfaction with reality and politics, hysterical roars, and needle-point criticism. Its subject matter becomes wider and wider, and its style becomes more and more plain and far-reaching.
[Edit this paragraph] Chronology of Su Shi's life
The first year of Tiansheng of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty - the eighth year of Jiayou (1023-1064)
Scene of 1036 Su Shi was born on December 19th in the third year of You
Married Wang Fu in 1054
In 1057, he became a Jinshi, his mother died, and he served as a mourner (1057.4-1059.6)
In 1061, Su Shi took the secondary school examination and entered the third class.
The family went to Kyoto in 1059
In 1061, he was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang Mansion
The first year of Emperor Yingzong's reign - the fourth year (1064-1068)
Served in the History Museum in 1064
Wife was mourned in 1065
1066 Father was mourned; filial piety was observed (1066.4-1068.7)
The first year of Shenzong Xining—— In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1068-1086)
In 1068, he married Wang Runzhi
In 1069, he returned to Beijing and worked in the History Museum
In 1071, he was appointed as the Supervisor of the Prosecution Commission; in 1071, he was appointed as the Director of Hangzhou Communications Sentence
In 1074, he was appointed as the prefect of Mizhou
In 1076, he was appointed as the prefect of Xuzhou
In 1079, he was appointed as the prefect of Huzhou; imprisoned
1080 Relegated to Huangzhou
In 1084, he went to Changzhou
In 1085, he went to Dengzhou; he was appointed as the prefect of Dengzhou; he went to Kyoto and was appointed as Zhongshusheren
Zhezong (1086-1100) ) The Empress Dowager was in power during the Yuanyou period (1085-1093)
In 1086, he made imperial edicts with a degree from the Hanlin Academy
In 1089, he was appointed the governor of Hangzhou and the commander of the Western Zhejiang Military Region
In 1091, he was appointed as the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel; he went to Kyoto; he was appointed as the Grand Administrator of Yingzhou
In 1092, he was appointed as the Grand Administrator of Yangzhou; Commander of the Hebei Military Region
In 1094, he was demoted to Huizhou; he was exiled to Huizhou
In 1097, he went to Hainan; he was exiled to Danzhou, Hainan
Empress Dowager Huizong (1101-1126) was in power (1100)
1101 Return to the north; go to Changzhou; die
1127 Death of the Northern Song Dynasty
[Edit this paragraph] Su Shi’s wife and children
Su Shi's three wives
Su Shi's first wife was named Wang Fu, who was from Qingshen, Meizhou, Sichuan. She was young and beautiful, knowledgeable and courteous, and married Su Shi at the age of 16. She can be called Su Shi's right-hand assistant, and she has the story of "listening to what is said behind the scenes". Su Shi was a broad-minded person and relatively negligent in his dealings with others, so Wang Fu listened quietly behind the screen and informed Su Shi of his suggestions. Wang Fu and Su Shi lived for eleven years and then died of illness. Su Shi followed his father Su Xun's words and "buried her next to your mother's tomb" and personally planted 30,000 pine trees on the hilltop where Wang Fu was buried to express his condolences. Another ten years later, Su Shi wrote "Jiangchengzi·Remembering Dreams" for Wang Fu, which is known as the best mourning poem in history: "Life and death are uncertain in ten years." If you don’t think about it, you will never forget it. Thousands of miles of lonely tomb, no place to speak of desolation. Even if we meet each other, we should not know each other, our faces are covered with dust and our temples are like frost. At night, you suddenly return to your hometown with a deep dream. Xiaoxuan window, dressing up. They looked at each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears. It is expected that the broken part of the intestines will be cut off every year, on a bright moonlit night, there will be short pines.
Su Shi's second wife was Wang Runzhi, Wang Fu's cousin, who married Su Shi in the third year after Wang Fu's death. She is eleven years younger than Su Shi. She has admired Su Shi since she was a child. She has a gentle nature and relies on Su Shi everywhere. Wang Runzhi accompanied Su Shi through the most important 25 years of his life. He experienced the Wutai Poetry Case and was demoted to Huangzhou. He shared the ups and downs of Su Shi's career with him. Twenty-five years later, Wang Runzhi also died before Su Shi. Su Shi suffered from a broken liver and intestines, and wrote a memorial: "I said home, and walked back to Qiuyuan. There were many people who abandoned me first. Who welcomed my door, and who gave me fields? What can I do now? My eyes are dry with tears. Traveling to the funeral I am so kind to my country. I only have the same acupuncture point, so I am so sorry!" A hundred days after his wife's death, he asked his friend, the great painter Li Longmian, to draw ten portraits of Arhats, and then asked the monks to chant sutras for her. When he was reborn in the Paradise, he dedicated these ten Buddha statues that could be handed down to the world to his wife's deceased soul. After Su Shi's death, Su Che buried him and Wang Runzhi together, fulfilling the wish of "only the same acupoint" in the memorial text.
Su Shi’s concubine Wang Chaoyun was twenty-six years younger than Su Shi. When Su Shi was in the most difficult situation, Wang Chaoyun was always by his side. Wang Chaoyun was Su Shi's confidante. Su Shi wrote the most poems to Wang Chaoyun, calling her the "Goddess Vimalakirti". But unfortunately, Chaoyun also died of illness in Huizhou before Su Shi. After Chaoyun's death, Su Shi remained a widower and never married again.
In accordance with Chaoyun's last wish, Su Shi buried him in the pine forest under the Great Sacred Pagoda of Qi Zen Temple at the south foot of Gushan Mountain in West Lake, Huizhou, and built a Liuru Pavilion beside the tomb to commemorate him. The couplet he wrote was "Untimely, only Chaoyun can Know me; I play ancient tunes alone, and I miss you even more every time it rains." There is a famous allusion in this couplet: "Dongpo retired from the court one day and finished eating. He felt his belly and walked slowly. Gu said to the waiter: "What do you think of this?" A maid suddenly said: "It's all articles. ', Poe didn't think so. Another person said: 'A belly full of knowledge. ’ Poe laughed heartily. "Chaoyun Tomb has now become a scenic spot in Huizhou West Lake Scenic Area and a key cultural relic protection unit in Huizhou City. Chaoyun Tomb
Su Shi's four sons
Wang Fu was born to Su Shi Wang Runzhi gave birth to his eldest son Su Mai, and gave birth to his second son Su Yu and his third son Su Guo. In the autumn of 1083 AD, Chaoyun gave birth to his fourth son Su Dun, but he died soon after.