Fast lunch (or a meal); Snacks; Fast food) kuài cān Pre-prepared meals that can be quickly provided to customers, such as hamburgers and box lunches. Also called bento. Hong Kong and Taiwan have been translated into fast food, fast food, lunch and so on. Consumers' understanding of fast food is varied, far exceeding the original meaning of foreign words. But nothing more than that, that is, fast food is produced by food factories or processed by large and medium-sized catering enterprises, which is popular, time-saving and convenient and can be used as a staple food.
Fast food first appeared in the western world and was called "quickmeal" or "fast food" in English. After it was introduced into China, it was called "fast food" in Chinese, which means ready-to-eat cooked food. In fact, what we usually call "fast food" should be called Chinese fast food, commonly known as box lunch. It is a way to eat Chinese food by absorbing foreign food culture. It has entered thousands of households with its bright, convenient and economical characteristics.
There is a kind of banquet in the Tang Dynasty called "ritual board", which is the fast food in the Tang Dynasty. According to Li Zhao's Supplement to National History, Wu CuO was summoned temporarily, appointed as "Jing" and asked to take up his post immediately. Before Wu took office, he invited relatives and friends to dinner at home. Although time was tight, the banquet was set when the invited guests arrived. Some guests were puzzled, and the Wu family replied, "These two cities are very polite every day. If you can take it from the pot, you can set up a restaurant for three or five hundred people." In the Song Dynasty, in Tokyo, Hang Cheng and other places, there were restaurants called "Call by the hour" and "Duh-ho-ho-ho-ho" everywhere in the market, just like the so-called convenient fast food today.
The main classification of fast food
1. According to the mode of operation and industrialization, it can be divided into: traditional fast food and modern fast food;
2. According to the flavor of dishes, it can be divided into: Chinese fast food, Western fast food, Chinese and Western fast food and other fast food;
3. According to the variety form, it can be divided into single variety fast food and combined variety fast food.
The function and position of fast food
The development of fast food industry is determined by social progress and economic development, and it is the improvement of people's living standards and lifestyles.
What people urgently need is to adapt to social and economic construction, speed up the pace of work and life, family service and unit logistics service.
The inevitable product of socialization.
Its role:
1, fast food industry is an important industry with living environment and investment environment;
2. It is a new growth point for the development of national economy and catering industry;
3. It is the breakthrough and pioneer of traditional catering to modern catering;
4. It is an important part of people's leisure consumption, tourism consumption and shopping consumption;
5. It is an important channel for the country to expand domestic demand, absorb social employment and expand re-employment;
6. It is a new force for China to develop an export-oriented economy and connect with the international catering market.
Connotation of fast food industrialization
The connotation of Chinese fast food industrialization is defined as socialization, industrialization and intensification of fast food.
The socialization of fast food is based on the connotation of the concept of socialization, that is, "scattered and unrelated individual production process."
Become an interrelated social production process. "The traditional catering industry, cooking, restaurant catering.
The single-disease combat state of shops has changed into a specialized social division of labor, freeing people from housework.
Meet the needs of people's modern life rhythm and nutrition and health care awareness.
The industrialization of fast food is to take the whole process of fast food production as the main line, using some machinery instead of manual work and quantity instead.
Instead of being ambiguous, we use assembly line production instead of individual production, and turn some varieties of traditional food in China into factory engineering operation.
Produce standardized cooking products-dishes and pasta-whose sensory form conforms to people's aesthetic habits; Or processed.
Finished and semi-finished products suitable for home cooking.
Three highs and three lows
The survey shows that foreign fast food has "three highs" (high in fat, high in calories and high in sodium) and "three lows" (low in vitamins, minerals and fiber).
1, poor sanitary conditions.
The hygienic problem of fried food bears the brunt, especially in China, where the hygienic standard is not standardized. There are two aspects to the hygiene problem of fried food: First, the raw materials they use for frying are unsanitary, and many fried raw materials are going bad or have gone bad, so do something to decorate the facade. Second, the oil used is unsanitary, and many unscrupulous vendors often fry food in ditches. Even if some vendors use qualified cooking oil, in order to save costs, they often heat the oil at high temperature repeatedly, which makes the oil fried black, which undoubtedly increases the content of carcinogens and harmful substances. In addition, because fried food is cooked at high temperature in a very short time, it is often fried brown (mushy) outside and not cooked inside, which not only can not effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms in food, but also easily cause diseases such as intestinal parasites.
2, leading to obesity
Fried food, whether it is foreign fast food or our old traditional fried dough sticks and oil cakes in China, are all high-fat foods. Smell incense in your nose, eat incense in your mouth, and put it in your stomach. High fat is not conducive to digestion, not only affects your stomach, but also leads to obesity. In this slim society, I would rather starve to death than live fat. Obesity will also bring more health problems. Instead of spending money to lose weight every day, it is better to control your diet. What? Are you losing weight now? I *, that you dare to eat fried, die? 3, produce toxic and harmful substances
Repeated high-temperature heating of oil will produce toxic and harmful substances. Because after repeated high-temperature heating of oil, the polymers produced by high-temperature heating of unsaturated fatty acids-dimers and trimers-are very toxic. Most fried and baked foods, especially French fries, contain a high concentration of acrylamide, commonly known as propyl poison, which is a carcinogen. Of course, it is not the wishes of heroes to die young. So what? If you don't eat, it's over.
4. The nutrients are severely damaged.
Food is fried at high temperature, and various nutrients in it are seriously destroyed. High temperature makes protein fried and deteriorated, reducing its nutritional value. High temperature will also destroy fat-soluble vitamins in food, such as vitamin A, carotene and vitamin E, and hinder the absorption and utilization of them by human body. In other words, can fried food be healthy if it should not be and should not be?
5, aluminum content seriously exceeds the standard.
Many people often eat fried dough sticks and cakes for breakfast. However, due to the addition of alum, the aluminum content seriously exceeded the standard. Excessive intake of aluminum will be harmful to human body. Aluminum is an amphoteric element, which means that aluminum can react with acids and bases. The compounds formed after the reaction are easily absorbed by the intestine and can enter the brain, which may affect children's intellectual development and may lead to Alzheimer's disease. In addition, after the dough is treated with alum, the alkalinity is very high, which makes the vitamin B 1 lose.
6. Induced diseases
Fried food contains a lot of fat and is not easy to digest. Eating fried food often can cause indigestion, chest tightness, even nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite and so on. People who often eat fried food are prone to get angry and constipation due to lack of vitamins and water. Do you have these symptoms? Don't believe me, stop for a while and try again!
According to medical research, atherosclerosis began at the age of 7. At present, the culprit is selling local workers and fried foods such as KFC.
It will also gain weight and cause cancer.
Recently, the Ministry of Health announced that starch foods are prone to produce acrylamide when cooked at a high temperature above 120℃. Animal experiments show that acrylamide is a possible carcinogen. The Ministry of Health advises the public to change their eating habits mainly based on fried and high-fat foods in order to reduce the potential harm of acrylamide to human body.
The monitoring results of food pollutants by the Ministry of Health show that the acrylamide content in starch foods (such as fried potato chips and fried potato chips) processed at high temperature is higher, and the acrylamide content in potato fried foods is four times higher than that in cereal fried foods on average. China residents eat more fried food, and their exposure is large. Long-term low-dose exposure is potentially harmful.
The announcement pointed out that acrylamide is a chemical substance and a raw material for the production of polyacrylamide, which can be used for industrial purposes such as sewage purification. Epidemiological observation of occupational exposed people shows that people who have been exposed to acrylamide for a long time at low doses will have symptoms such as drowsiness, mood and memory changes, hallucinations and tremors, accompanied by peripheral nervous diseases such as sweating and muscle weakness. Although the influence of acrylamide on human health needs further study, these problems should be paid attention to. The human body can be exposed to acrylamide through digestive tract, respiratory tract, skin and mucosa, so food is considered as the main source of acrylamide intake for human beings.
The Ministry of Health suggested that the public should avoid cooking starch food for a long time or at high temperature in their daily life. Advocate reasonable nutrition, balance diet, change the eating habits of fried and high-fat foods, and reduce the possible health hazards caused by acrylamide.
On March 2 this year, the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations warned the public to pay attention to acrylamide in food and called for measures to reduce the acrylamide content in food and ensure food safety. The announcement of the Ministry of Health was issued accordingly.
"Fried food can cause cancer, and the academic community has long been conclusive." Experts from China Cancer Research Foundation said that fried food, barbecue and other foods are far more harmful to human health than Sudan Red, which is widely known recently. "Just like smoking, long-term intake of fried food can cause a variety of tumor diseases."
Experts from the Nutrition Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital told reporters that no matter how harmful acrylamide is to human body, eating fried food occasionally will not be very harmful to human body, but this process, like smoking may induce lung cancer, is a process of long-term accumulation of toxicity, and long-term consumption will definitely pose a great threat to health. In addition, fried food is extremely high in calories and fat, and long-term intake will also lead to obesity or some related diseases, such as diabetes, coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia.