Zhu Hua
It is said that painting bamboo is better than seeing sunshine and moon shadow on the paper window powder wall. I once wrote: "My bamboo is refined and elegant, with lines in calligraphy, lines in bamboo, shades in calligraphy, shades in bamboo, density in calligraphy and density in bamboo." He is good at writing bamboo, and even wrote the poem "Between Bamboo and Stone", expressing his aloof feelings with the "between nothing and many knots" of bamboo.
Gongkaili
He combined Cao Li's four styles of seal script with Zhu Lan's brushwork, calling himself "six and a half books", with different sizes and uneven strokes. He used Huang Gu's brushwork to enhance the momentum of painting, and described the changes of his calligraphy and the basis of his argument with "littering all over the street and throwing waves into poles".
Good at drawing blue bamboo stones
He is handsome in appearance and pungent in style, claiming to be "a blue flower that never fades in four seasons, a bamboo that never leaves a knot, a stone that never falls down, and a person that never changes." Jiang Shiquan's Poems on Painting Orchids said: "Banqiao is painted like a orchid, elegant and graceful, Banqiao is written like a orchid, and beautiful leaves are numerous and graceful." In this passage, the relationship between "book" and "painting" in his works is really incisive.
Characteristics of painting and calligraphy
Original freehand brushwork, interesting. He claimed that he should have "true spirit, true interest and true meaning"
Poetic features
(1) Get rid of old cliches.
(2) Vernacular instead of classical Chinese.
(3) metaphor ethnology festival.
Zheng Xie (Banqiao) has two poems about bamboo, one of which is called Bamboo Stone:
"I insist that the green hills are not relaxed, and the roots are breaking the rocks. They have gone through a lot of hardships and are still strong, and they are willing to flaunt in the east, west, north and south. " This poem not only points out the "situation" of bamboo, but also directly tells the truth of bamboo. It can stand all kinds of hardships and tests, and looks like an indomitable martyr, which makes people expect "respect".
The other is "Painting Bamboo":
"Painting bamboo is overwhelming and ups and downs; Today, I refuse to write a long-bearded phoenix tail from the human law. " The first two sentences are about the momentum of painting bamboo, and the last two sentences are about the "stubborn choice of goodness" and the unconventional personality of people and bamboo.
Zheng Xie's 60th birthday;
"Often come to visit, why ask corning. But there is money in the bag, wine in the urn and food in the pot. Take some old pages and let the waves sing. Rich and broad, stubborn in appearance, and smarter in facial features than thousands of officials. There are still very few people in their sixties. "
If you want to live forever, it is difficult in the air. Only make the ears have no vulgar sounds, eyes have no vulgar things, and the chest has no vulgar things. A few random new flowers crisscrossed. Going to bed late and getting up early, like two days a day, is over 100 years old.
antithetical couplet
Why is the room elegant? Not many flowers.
◎ Bring fresh tea from the river and buy all the green hills for painting screens. (Title Jiao Shan Natural Temple)
Celebrities never judge water. Since ancient times, there have been too many monks. (Teahouse)
◎ Simplify the Sanqiu tree and make a new February flower.
Ignorance is a kind of happiness
It's hard to be confused: a plain and tasteful famous saying.
He is a brilliant and knowledgeable writer, but he just wrote something like "it's a blessing to suffer" and "it's difficult to be confused", and solemnly added a note: "It's harder to be smart, but it's even harder to be confused."
Ordinary officials will understand that it is difficult to have a good end if they offend the giant room for political reasons. Banqiao, on the other hand, went its own way, knowing that it was impossible to do it. Finally, he would rather go fishing in cold Qiu Jiang than throw away the hot black veil. It is because of his frankness that he can appear so free and easy.
His title "Rare Puzzlement" may have two meanings. On the one hand, it seems that in view of the chaos in officialdom, he rarely has that kind of confusion and can only get out as soon as possible. On the other hand, when we see through the world, in order to avoid causing more trouble, we might as well be confused. It's lovely that he can save this confusion.
Banqiao San Jue
"Three unique poems and paintings, one official returns." Is the most accurate tribute to his life. Traditional couplets of scholarly families often have such a title: "Family heirlooms are loyal, but the world is cold but honest". Is the best portrayal of Zheng Banqiao.
Take the three poems with pictures in his poetry collection as an example, Zheng Banqiao's poems, books and paintings are sublime.
"Painting bamboo in wei county, painting poetry clouds in the new year, Bobo Dazhong City"
Listening to the rustling bamboo, Yazhai suspected that it was the voice of the people's sufferings. Some officials in Caozhou County are always worried about their feelings.
Gao Yu Gui Li Zhu Hua Biewei County Gentleman and People Cloud
Throw away the black veil, not the official, the sleeves are cold. Write a thin bamboo and use it as a fishing rod on the autumn wind river.
The first bamboo I drew when I first returned to Yangzhou.
Twenty years ago, the wine cake was lifted and the spring breeze intoxicated the bamboo pavilion. Now Yangzhou bamboo is replanted and Huainan is still green.
From these three poems, we can feel the picturesque beauty of the poems, and we can also smell his concern for the people's feelings and his lofty ambition to resign because of the case; In the wild and uninhibited, we can see his true nature, so an old friend has a cloud. Banqiao's three wonders are full of three truths: true spirit, true meaning and true interest, which are indeed described very aptly.
Painter's style
In feudal society, scholar-officials thought they were lofty, loyal and open-minded, and often expressed their intentions with paintings and poems. However, due to various historical and social factors, these scholars often take the attitude of staying away from life, escaping from reality and living in seclusion in the mountains, pinning their feelings on the natural hills and valleys. Most of their works are based on leisure and self-entertainment, even if they feel it.
However, among the Eight Eccentric Poets in Yangzhou in Qing Dynasty, Zheng Banqiao's poems on paintings are different. He got rid of the traditional mode of painting with poetry or painting with poetry. Every painting he draws must take poetry as the theme, and the theme must be good, so as to achieve "picturesque image" and "the meaning of poetry attacking painting" Poetry and painting infinitely embody and expand the breadth of the picture. Zheng Banqiao's poems on paintings pay attention to real life and have profound ideological content. He thinks so.
Zheng Banqiao was born in a scholarly family, a scholar in the last years of Kangxi, a juren in the tenth year of Yongzheng, and a scholar in the first year of Qianlong. At the age of fifty, he served as the magistrate of Fan County and Wei County in Shandong Province for twelve years. The idea of "benefiting the people with ambition" led him to take measures such as "opening warehouses to help the people, famine year after year" and "donating base without losing money", which aroused the dissatisfaction of corrupt officials and evil gentry and was relegated. After that, he made a living by selling paintings. Zheng Banqiao's life has experienced ups and downs, and he has seen through the coldness of the world. He dared to incorporate all this into his works. By analyzing Zheng Banqiao's poems about Zhu Lan in different periods, we can think of Zheng Banqiao's life experience and all kinds of corruption in Qing society through limited frame images, so that one picture is like a literary work and a movie, telling a lot. ...
When he was the magistrate of wei county, Shandong Province, he painted "Bamboo Painting in wei county Department for a Year", in which there was a poem: "Ya Zhai lies and listens to little, but doubt is the voice of the people's sufferings. Some small officials in Caozhou County always care about their feelings. "The bamboo in this painting is no longer a' representation' of natural bamboo, and this poem is no longer a poem without feelings. Through painting and poetry, people think of Banqiao's character. As a magistrate of a county, remembering people's sufferings and diseases from the rustling bamboo sound in the cottage shows that he has people in his heart and his emotional chain is tied to them. At this time, the image of bamboo leaves in the painting has expanded, and the scene of Zheng Banqiao opening a warehouse to help the victims has emerged in people's minds. The "frozen moment" has become an infinite story in the audience's mind, like an infectious novel or movie, which is gripping and thought-provoking. A few strokes of bamboo leaves and a few concise poems make people feel the profound thoughts and affection contained in the works. There are also some photos of Zheng Banqiao leaving wei county after he was demoted, three donkeys, a car full of books, and remain uncorrupted, walking before and after. There is a bamboo painting that says: "If you lose a black veil, you will not be an official, but your pocket is cold. Write a thin bamboo and get a bamboo fishing rod in the autumn wind. "With bamboo, you can express his peace of mind of abandoning officials for the people, being indifferent to fame and fortune and enjoying life. The other is ". On the picture, three or two thin bamboos stand upright from the cracks in the stone and are tenacious and unyielding in the wind. Zheng Banqiao expressed his free and easy mind through bamboo, and his character of bravely facing the reality and never giving in to setbacks. Bamboo is personified. At this time, "poetry is an invisible painting, and painting is a visible poem." Similarly, the title of "Zhu Mo Map" also says: "The official returnees are in the temple, and the bamboo pavilion lies high in the spring breeze. Now planting Yangzhou bamboo, Jiangnan is still green. " Another bamboo picture reads: "trapped by a micro-official, I feel refreshed when I grow up in the imperial garden, and the fragrance is rustling bamboo, and the inner class is dust." These ink drawings all express his feelings of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" after he was demoted. At this point, we can see that most of Zheng Banqiao's bamboo paintings and poems on paintings are based on his feelings for bamboo, expressing the feelings of "listening to the rustling of bamboo in Yazhai, suspecting that it is the voice of people's suffering", showing the tenacity of "taking root in rocks and letting things wind" and expressing the integrity and spirit of "writing a thin bamboo and throwing it away without being an official". This is where Zheng Banqiao's works are different from traditional flower-and-bird paintings and their predecessors. Most traditional Zhu Lan is a subject of appreciation and entertainment. The picture mainly pursues the truth and beauty of natural images, the level of painting skills, and the ingenuity and elegance of pen and ink. In Zheng Banqiao's works, in addition to achieving these skills and techniques, the poems on paintings have also given this theme new ideological content and profound artistic conception, which makes the flower-and-bird paintings ideological and lyrical, giving people a profound feeling, which will make people have endless aftertaste and myriad thoughts.
Zheng Banqiao's bamboo paintings are unique, and so are his stone paintings. No matter how ruthless nature is, the stones in his works are alive, such as the stone in The Story of the Stone, which is also a common theme in previous paintings, but it is rarely shown as the main image. But Zheng Banqiao painted an isolated peak stone in the middle of the painting, but it has the spirit of soaring into the sky, and there is no background around it. Draw four seven-character poems: "Who is lonely and lonely, a pillar of heaven, straight, Tao Liangyuan, five fights break my waist." Poetry debunks the topic of painting, and combines stones and characters at once, which can be described as "painting is insufficient and the topic is more than enough, painting is silent and poetry is vocal." Poetry and painting serve each other and open countless ways for future generations. "Zheng Banqiao praised Tao Yuanming with a firm stone. Banqiao praised his integrity, integrity and noble personality, but at the same time seemed to reveal his own experience and tolerance. The stone in the painting represents the image of the characters, and contains the characteristics of integrity and momentum, which makes people feel that painting stones here is more meaningful and can reveal profound meanings than painting people.
There are many orchids-themed paintings in Zheng Banqiao, and they also show some new contents, which are expressed by poems with themes, implying views on various things. For example, some people borrow the characteristics of orchids, showing that they are not arrogant in victory, unyielding in failure and holding a normal mind. The poem said: "Orchids are related to bamboo books, always between green mountains and green waters. Frost and snow do not fade, spring is unknown, and people laugh red and purple." Orchids are accompanied by people, and people should be as quiet, lasting and fragrant as orchids, neither floating nor impetuous, nor striving for beauty. Paintings that are close at hand have unlimited development and far-reaching artistic conception. Another example is: some borrow a bunch of orchids with some thorns in the middle to express a gentleman's generous temperament that can tolerate villains. The poem "Stone Map of Thorns and Orchids" says: "Don't let thorns turn into orchids. Outsiders look at it coldly, and when they see the mixed fish and dragons, they know that Buddhism is vast and long. " Another picture, "The Bluethorn Stone Map", said, "All pictures are gentlemen, and then what happens when you stab?" ? Mr. Gai can tolerate villains, and without villains, he can't be a gentleman. Therefore, orchids among thorns make flowers flourish. "Banqiao is unique. A few piercings are inserted between orchids, and the orchid thorns are painted * * *, which expresses the magnanimous mind that" only when you meet a villain can you become a hero ",and the readers of the painting also benefit a lot. The more I read, the more I feel that simple plants have far-reaching artistic conception and endless fun. Looking at the Lanzhushi painted by Zheng Banqiao, we can easily see the reason why he likes to paint Lanzhushi. As he said, "Orchids that never fade in the four seasons, bamboos that last forever, invincible stones, unchanging people" and "are also for the sake of four beauties". There are orchids, bamboos, stones, knots, incense and bones. In his eyes, the blue bamboo stone can represent people's loyalty, selflessness, perseverance, bright heart and noble character, so every word of his poems has far-reaching artistic conception.
Zheng Banqiao's most famous poem is "The Inscription of Mozhu": Yazhai lies listening to the rustling of bamboo, which is suspected to be the voice of the people's sufferings. In some small counties and cities in Cao Zhou, one branch and one leaf are always worrying. This poem is about the disaster in Shandong when he was in office, and there were countless hungry people. Zheng Banqiao ran for the victims all day, worked hard during the day, and couldn't sleep at night. Listen out the window, the wind is blowing bamboo, making a rustling sound. He immediately thought of the people's complaints about hunger and cold, so he got up and drew paper, made this article and gave it to his superiors to let them know the sufferings of the people. He also wrote to ask for relief, open an official warehouse and relieve the people. The disaster is serious and the situation is urgent. He didn't have time to wait for the approval of his superiors, so he decided to open a warehouse and release grain, and at the same time mobilized officials to cook porridge for disaster relief, so he offended his superiors and was dismissed.
All the above are Zheng Banqiao's paintings, inspired by his close connection with various phenomena in real life. It is also his contribution to "literati painting", "divorced from reality, escaping from reality" and "caring for reality and paying attention to reality". Inscribed poems enrich the relatively simple flower-and-bird paintings with rich social content, produce profound ideological and lyricism, and narrow the distance with readers, as if they had a heart-to-heart exchange and face-to-face dialogue, which enabled the "frozen moment" to continue and strengthened the artistic appeal.
The poems inscribed in his works are not only ideological and lyrical in content, but also artistic and interesting in form. Painting and poetry can fully reflect the artistic interest of "painting and calligraphy are of the same origin" and "painting method is the same", while the traditional painter's inscription and postscript mostly focuses on the blank space of painting and plays a balance role with the picture. However, the inscription and postscript of "Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou" has been divorced from the inscription and postscript of traditional Chinese painting and literati painting, especially the combination of Zheng Banqiao's calligraphy and painting. For example, in "Shi Lan Map", Zheng Banqiao skillfully combined poetry with calligraphy and authentic Cao Li seal, and the size was strewn at random, just like "paving the road with stones" on a stone wall, which replaced the method of painting stones, resulting in the beauty of rhythm and rhythm, which just showed the three-dimensional sense and texture beauty of stones in the field, which was better than the method of painting stones alone. This has become an indispensable expression method, which not only profoundly reveals the characteristics of orchids, but also implies the artistic beauty of noble character, which has the artistic beauty of calligraphy instead of calligraphy. People can not only appreciate the artistic beauty of painting and poetry, but also appreciate the formal beauty of calligraphy art and immerse themselves in poetry. In addition, in many of Lan Zhushi's paintings, his poems are diverse, unconventional and eclectic, which naturally becomes interesting, makes a good book fit the line, and adds a lot of color to the paintings. The so-called decent style is to conceive according to the actual picture and pay attention to the formal beauty of composition. Therefore, he will write poems on the side, up and down, vertically and horizontally, or between orchids and vines, and observe its shape intermittently, uneven and dense. It is a book, a title, a painting, a poem, a poem and a painting. Appreciating the poems inscribed in each painting is not only a wonderful reproduction of calligraphy, but also a comprehensive art that makes calligraphy and painting set each other off. The book title and the picture are organically integrated, which constitutes a unified poetry and gives people a comprehensive and perfect artistic enjoyment. Therefore, the world admires them as the best creators of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing.