Yesterday in the Yellow Emperor, I created creation. Those who have fallen in love with chanting and Cang Xie have started a book contract tied with ropes and covered the footprints of birds to stimulate their thoughts. Therefore, it is called a word and has six meanings. One refers to things, but also up and down; Second, pictographic, the sun and the moon are also; Three sounds, rivers also; Four knowing, Wu Xin is also; The fifth is to adjust the note and take the old test; Six-character borrowing, commander in chief also. Husband refers to the person in charge, the top is the top and the bottom is the bottom. Ideographic characters, the full moon is lost, like its shape. Form and sound, take class as form, and sound as well. Knowing, with Ge as the weapon, people's words are also. Those who adjust their notes should live a long life. Under the guise of people, there are several words that are the same. Although they have different pronunciations, their meanings are the same.
As for the three generations from the Yellow Emperor, its writing has not changed. The Qin dynasty burned the first canon with seal script, and the ancient prose was absolutely gone. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in power, King Lu Gong destroyed Confucius' residence and got The Book of History, The Spring and Autumn Annals, The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety. At that time, people didn't know there was ancient prose, which was called the book of science and technology. It's hidden in the Han Dynasty, hoping to see someone. Wei Chu's Biography of Ancient Chinese Literature originated from Han Danchun, which was written by Hengzu and later used to show spring without saying goodbye. From the beginning, the three characters were established, and the pure method was lost. It worked because of the name of the division. In the first year of Taikang, people in Jixian stole Wei Xiangwang's tomb and had to write more than 10,000 words. According to the book written by Hou Jing, it seems to be still there. There are also several kinds of ancient books, one of which is about Chu. He is the most scheming and always takes pleasure in it, so he exhausts his foolish thoughts to praise its beauty, which is not enough for a sage to write before going to the toilet to preserve the image of the ancients. There is no alias in ancient times, and it is called "word potential" cloud.
The Yellow Emperor counted Cang Xie, had a bird's eye view of history, and started a book contract. Everything was done by Ji Gang, who enacted the law, proclaimed the Emperor's Code, and wrote that quality is the best in the world. Therefore, the Qin dynasty was violent, the Tao was lost, and the ancient prose was destroyed. Wei Wen has existed since ancient times, and it has been handed down from generation to generation to the grave, but it has never been made in previous dynasties, and it is difficult to distinguish between authenticity and falsehood. Daikin kaiyuan, Hongdao training, hanging its image in the sky, according to its text. Its writing is very clever, full of chapters, because the sound is understandable and things are organized. Full of princes, full of ministers; Clouds and clouds are scattered. Wo Ben-with hanging glumes, the mountain is steep and even mountains; If the insect moves, the bird will fly without lifting it. Look at it, nuanced, both potential and body, endless. Or follow the rules, follow the rules; Or Fiona Fang is arrogant and his power is controlled by events. It is bent like a bow and straight like a string. Correctly highlight, if the dragon is in Sichuan; If rain falls into the sky, it will fall. Or write hard, if the swan flies high; Or graceful, if tassels hang down, decadent. It is so far away, if the wind is strong and the water is clear, the waves will ripple; Just look, if it's natural. Believing in the legacy of Huangtang is the first of the six arts. Sun Gai used to brush and print, and Cheng Cao used to announce it. What you see makes you think, not what you say in words
In the past, when Zhou Xuanwang was in history, he wrote 15 "Da Zhuan", which was either the same or different. And moved eastward peacefully, the princes established politics, and the family was different from the country, but they said good things. In the early years of Qin Shihuang, Li Si, the successor of Qin Shihuang, gained and lost, which was not suitable for Qin Wen to play. Write, Zhao Gao was instructed to write almanac, and Hu Wuzheng was instructed by a surname to write learning books, all of which were based on the historical book Da Zhuan, or rather preserved, the so-called Xiao Zhuan. Or, Cheng Miao, a native, became an official, offended the first emperor and spent ten years in Yunyang, a secluded department. He changed the seal from the prison, and the few won, the many lost, and the circle became a square. Playing the first emperor, the first emperor is good at it, and it is a suggestion book. Or, it's called Li Ding.
Since the Qin Dynasty, there have been eight writing styles: first, big seal, second, small seal, third, seal cutting, fourth, insect script, fifth, copying, sixth, official script, seventh, and eighth. When Wang Mang was in power, Zeng Mingzhen proofread the literary department and revised the ancient prose. There are six books: one is ancient prose, which is the book in Confucius' wall; Second, strange words, that is, different ancient texts; Sanyue seal script, namely Qin seal script; Fourth, auxiliary books, that is, official books; Fifth, the wonderful biography is also printed; The sixth is the bird book, so the book is faithful. Xu Shen, the god of wine in Han Dynasty, wrote Shuowen on the basis of seal script, and thought that the style was fashionable and could be compared. During the Qin Dynasty, Li Si was named Gong Yin, and all the bronze people in Zhushan were named after the book. Cao Xi, a junior high school student in Han dynasty, is good at seal cutting, which is not much different from Si, and is also called goodness. Han Danchun is a teacher, but he is not as good as Shan Wei. In Taihe Middle School, the birthday is Wudu Taishou. Ancient and modern complex, fine leisure is not as good as spring. Yong Yong "Shi Zhuan" cloud:
Calligraphy and painting began because of the traces of birds. Cang Xie followed the Holy Spirit, and writing achieved the text. There are six marks in the body, which should be very confusing. Or like a turtle, or better than Changlin. It has a tail, long wings and a short body. If the millet droops, it will be like a snake. The waves are exciting and the eagle is trembling. The neck is stretched and the wings are closed, and the potential is like lingyun. Or lightly thrown, the bottom is thick; If it is absolutely connected, it looks like exposed silk, and the lower end hangs down. Followers are like hanging, and balance is like editing. Evil breath, not square is not round. If you fly, you can fly. From a distance, swans will be delayed if they swim in groups. I looked at it forcibly, but I couldn't see it. What do you mean? Invincible. Yan Sang can't count his bows, and Li Lou can't see his gaps. It's like quitting, but it's smart and embarrassing. At the beginning of the book, the charm is impressive. □ Hua Yansu is an art fan. Jia Wende's Righteousness was not published by the author of Yi. In short, consider the pitch of the font.
The Original Text and Translation of Wei Heng's Four Styles Bookstore (2)
Because of the use of seal script in Qin Dynasty, there are many things to play with, and it is difficult to make seal script. Even books written by Li people are called official scripts. Because it is used in Korea, it is only used for seals, letters and titles. Li Shu, sealing the valerian also. Wang Cizhong of Shanggu pioneered the Kaifa method, which made him a master of books with many talents. Stone is the best, the largest has a thousand words, and the smallest has a thousand words, which greatly praised his ability. Sometimes you don't get paid for drinking in a restaurant, because the book is on the wall, and visitors will pay directly and count the money to destroy it. Every book has to be cut and burned. Liang Yu is good at slapping, and the wine he drinks is drunk and stolen. Gu Zu chooses ministers by books. After the customs clearance, he became General Yuan Shu. Today's "Julu Songzi" has "Geng Qiubei", which was written by Shu, and its book is very clever. I ran to find Liu Biao and broke Jingzhou, begging for attention. Wei Wu wanted to be the commander in chief of the north, so he was afraid and tied himself to the gate. The military pseudo-Sima, who is diligent and self-effective in the book of ministers, is paid more attention to today. Wei Wudi hung in a tent, playing with the nail wall, thinking he was better than the official. Today's palace inscription department is mostly a book. Du Fu should be a big shot, Han Danchun should be a nobody, and Du Fu said that spring wins two ways. However, cuckoo did his best with his pen. Mao Hong, a disciple of Siniperca chuatsi, is brilliant today. There was Zuo Ziyi at the end of Han Dynasty, which was different from Chun and Gu, but also famous. Now, there are two calligraphers, Zhong and Hu, who both study, and Zhong has a small difference, but also has his own ingenuity, which is popular in today's world. As the "Lishi" cloud says:
The change of bird tracks is only for Li, and it is simple from now on. The use of Jue is both broad and moderate, radiant and radiant. I finally found a big path, but I couldn't work out the details. Everything is suitable and inevitable. Or the dome is wide, or the needle is cracked, or the rope is straight, or it is tortuous, or it is long and evil, or it is tortuous. Trim short phase, different materials are the same. Work hard and never stop. Fiber waves are thick and scattered. If the clock is set, the court will fly. Rocky, high subordinate companies, like worshipping Taiwan Province and heavy space, layered clouds and mountains. Looking from a distance, if Long Zaitian; If you look closely, you will be confused, dazzled, amazed and unable to win the original. The institute can't count, and the slaughter can't talk. What is enough for Cao Cao and not gentle enough? Is it too big to see, and the secret has not been passed down? Tell me in detail, say it bigger.
There was a cursive script in the Han dynasty, and I don't know the author's name. When it came to Zhang Di and Qi, it was called a good work. Later, I applauded the work. After Cui Yuan and Cui Ai, they were also called workers. Du fu's poems kill words, and the books are slightly thinner; Cui Shi writes well, but his words are sparse. People who promote agriculture in Zhang Boying have become skilled, and all the clothes and silk at home must be learned and practiced first. Learn books in the pool, and the pool is exhausted. When you write a letter, you must start with a letter. You often say, "I'm in a hurry." Without an inch of paper, its books are especially precious in the world. Zhong Wei called it "the sage of grass". Boying's brother is gentle, he is the second Boying; There are also Jiang, Liang, Tian Yanhe and Zhongjiang, all disciples of Boying, who are famous all over the world, but not as good as them. Luo and Zhao, the contemporaries of Boying, are called Xizhou, but they are puzzled by this independence. So Boying claimed: "It is not enough to go to monks and Du. Luo and Zhao stayed behind. " Hejian Juck Zhang is also famous, but although it is in the same realm as Cui Shi, it is not as good as Boying. Cui Yuan's Grass Potential Cloud:
The prosperity of the book contract began with the emperor; Write the trace of a bird to confirm the article. There are many ancient books and records. There are many secluded times and a lot of power in politics. Officials and businessmen are ridiculous, and their ink is endless; However, many old words of Zuo Li have been deleted. The cursive method is simple; Timely instructions, used to force death. Both work and use, love the sky and save effort; The change of pure frugality must be ancient. Observe its image, with pitching instruments; If the square is not square, the circle is not straight. Restrain the left and promote the right, and look forward to it. Birds and beasts are eager to fly; A cunning rabbit is violent and will run before running. Or dot, like a string of beads, never leave. Animals are angry and depressed, and it's strange to let them go. Or ling, if you are in danger. A little evil attached to it, like a mantis clinging to a branch. The last sentence is closed, and the rest is tangled. If the mountain is poisonous, look at the gap; Get a snake to the cave and don't hang your head. It is so far away that you can watch it if you are rushing to the shore; Just look at it. A painting can't move. A few things should be wonderful and appropriate. A little older, like Ross. The Original Text and Translation of Wei Heng's Four Styles Bookstore (3)
Modern translation of four-style calligraphy
Wei Heng in the Western Jin Dynasty
Wei Hengshan is a big mountain. When he was young, he was recruited to SiKongQiGong. Later, he successively served as the late son Sheren, Shang, Minister Cheng and Prince Huang Menlang. Wei Heng is good at writing cursive and official scripts. He wrote an article "Four-body Book Potential" and said:
Before the Yellow Emperor, a system of making artifacts was established. Some people named Ju Yong and Cang Xie began to use scrawled words instead of knots to express things, perhaps because they saw the traces left by birds flying by. On this basis, it develops continuously and is called writing, which has six meanings. One refers to things, such as "up" and "down"; The second is pictographic characters, such as "day" and "month"; The third is sound and shape, such as "Jiang" and "He". The fourth is knowing, such as "nothing" and "faith"; Fifth, transfer bills, such as "old" and "test"; Sixth, under the guise of words such as "order" and "long". Refers to things, that is, clicking a horizontal line indicates that the top (like the word "up") is the word "up" and clicking a horizontal line indicates that the bottom (like the word "down") is the word "down"; Pictographic, that is, the monthly loss of the yen, like its shape; Similar in shape and sound, accompanied by word sound; Knowing is no longer the word "martial arts", but people say "faith"; Adjusting the note is to change the meaning of "old" into "test" of longevity; Under the guise, several different words have the same meaning. Although their pronunciations are different, their meanings are the same.
From the Yellow Emperor to the three generations, the writing has not changed. When the Qin dynasty used seal script, because all the previous books were burned, the ancient Chinese characters (ancient Chinese characters, referring to the characters before three generations) were not handed down. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, King Lu Gong demolished Confucius' residence and obtained The Book of History, The Spring and Autumn Annals, The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety. At that time, people didn't know there was ancient prose, so they called it Kodou Zi. People in the Han dynasty treasured it, but few people have seen it. Wei Chu taught Han Danchun ancient prose, and Wei Heng's ancestor Hou Jing wrote the Book of History taught by Han Danchun, and then showed it to Han Danchun. Han Dan couldn't tell the difference between spring and autumn (just like ancient prose). By the beginning of Qing dynasty, the three-character classic was founded, and Han Danchun's writing style had been lost. In the name of gram beans, imitate the shape of gram beans. In the first year of Taikang, people in Jixian robbed Wei Xiangwang's tomb and got more than 100,000 words of "Jian", which was written by Hou Jing. There are also many kinds of ancient books, one of which is about the most exquisite things of Chu. Wei Heng was secretly happy, so he praised its beauty with my stupid brain. He is ashamed that he can't lean sideways in the works of his predecessors, hoping to preserve the image (scene) of the ancients. There was no other name before, called "word potential":
Ju Yong and Cang Xie, historians of the Yellow Emperor, observed the bird's flight path and began to write characters. Used to govern everything, establish the legal system, record and publish the emperor's documents and systems, and conduct textual research or literary articles. In the brutal Qin dynasty, it was even more sinful, with all avenues abandoned and ancient prose destroyed. Wei Wenxi is fond of the past. At that time, the nine mountains and three graves handed down from generation to generation were never revealed, and there was no distinction between authenticity and falsehood. Since the Jintai dynasty, the promotion avenue has promulgated regulations, and the sky has laid its scene, showing its clear graphics. Its graphics display, wonderful chapters, sounds for understanding, and things are analogized by methods. "Day" is as full as a monarch, and "month" is as short as a minister. "Clouds" curl up and "stars" shine one by one; "Grain" thrives, with numerous ears of grain, and "mountain" with high ridges and hills; "Insects" are like toes moving, and "birds" are like just spreading their wings and can't fly. Look at him, focusing on his pen and ink, his words are harmonious, his body is balanced, and his beginning and end are uninterrupted. Some remain impartial, observe the statutes obliquely, and some are unruly; Some squares or circles are irregular, and they are measured according to things. It is bent like a bow and straight like a string. Protruding, like a dragon rolling in the river; Far away, falling from the sky like rain. Some strokes are forceful, like a swan flying high and dancing briskly in the distance; Some pens bend slowly, like the feathers of perilla grass hanging in the air flowing in the water continuously. So, from a distance, it looks like a flying wind blowing across the water, making clear waves. From a close distance, it looks like itself. The remains of the Yellow Emperor and Shi Yao in Tang Dynasty are the models and ancestors of the Six Arts (calligraphy is one of them, here refers to calligraphy). Calligraphy and seal script are like their descendants, and official script and cursive script are like their great-grandchildren. Seeing things makes people think, which cannot be expressed in words.
When Zhou Xuanwang was in China before, Shi Shu began to write fifteen pieces of Da Zhuan, some of which were the same as the ancient prose, and some were different from the ancient prose, and were called Shu Shu by the world. Moving from Pingtung to Dongdong, your country is different, and the shapes of the characters are also very different. As soon as Qin Shihuang was incorporated into the world, Prime Minister Lisi stopped playing Qin characters by reducing and increasing strokes. Li Si wrote Cang Xie Pian, and Taishi made Hu Wujing write Bo Xue Pian. Both of them chose Shi Shuo Da Zhuan, which was slightly deleted or changed, and was called Biography. Some people say that Cheng Miao offended the first emperor when he was an official and was imprisoned in Yunyang for ten years. In prison, he changed the seal script, adding less and adding more, reducing more and weakening, changing the circle and changing the circle. When it was played to the first emperor, the first emperor thought it was very nice. Let him come out as an empire and let him ponder over words. Others said that Cheng Miao formulated official script.
Since the destruction of ancient prose in the Qin Dynasty, there have been eight types of characters: 1. Big seal script, 2. Small seal script, 3. Seal cutting, 4. Worm body, 5. Copy, 6. Official script, 7. Official script and 8. During Wang Mang's period, Paisikong Zhen Feng corrected and classified the characters, collated and confirmed the ancient prose, and added six more books: one is the ancient prose, which is the characters in the wall of Confucius; Second, strange characters, that is, "ancient prose", are somewhat different; The third is seal script, that is, Qin seal script; The fourth is to use writing, which is the official book; The fifth is "Wonderful Biography", which is used to copy seals; The sixth is a bird book, which is used to write letters. Xu Shen, who went to the Han Dynasty to offer wine, wrote Shuowen, taking seal script as the original and seal script as the style. This is the latest and can be used for research. During the Qin Dynasty, it was said that Li Si was good at writing seal script, and all the mountains and inscriptions were written by Li Si. Cao Shan wrote seal script in the early Han Dynasty, although it was slightly different from Li Si, but it was said that it was also well written. Han Danchun learned from him and generally found his beauty. Dan Wei is not as good as Han Danchun. In the middle of Taihe, Ren Wudu was punctual, and Wei Baojian wrote all his inscriptions because he was able to stay in the middle. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Cai Yong served as assistant minister and corps commander. He is good at writing seal script, mixing ancient and modern glyphs with official script and Cao's method, but his accuracy and proficiency are not as good as Han Danchun's. Cai Yong wrote the article "The Trend of Seal Characters" and said:
At the beginning of writing strokes, Cang Xie relied on the traces of flying birds, followed the rules set by saints, and fixed this writing form with six prints, which was as ingenious as superb. Some are like the cracks on the turtle's textured needles, closely arranged like a comb dragon forest, stretching limbs and relaxing tail, with long wings and short body. The collapse looks like Xiaomi's drooping ears and a mixture of insects and snakes. Bai Yang's (strokes) shake off (strokes), like an eagle shaking a bird, stretching its neck and closing its wings, like a lingyun. Some light pens are thrown in, and the ends are slightly thick. If it's broken, it's like dew dripping down the silk and dripping down the bottom. The vertical ones are like hanging things, and the horizontal ones are like arranged ropes. It stumbles (treetops, referring to the pen tip) and tilts (runs). It is neither square nor round, but it can walk and fly. Looking at the distance like swans flying in groups, the delay is constant; You can't see the margin, so you can't explore its meaning. Ji Yan, who is good at quotient, can't find its bend (textual research: Ji Yan, a teacher of Fan Li in the Spring and Autumn Period, a native of Ji Ran, is good at quotient; Sang: Sang Hongyang, an imperial historian in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was good at financial management. Li Lou, bright eyes, can't see its interval. He is a skillful craftsman like a loser, resigned, courteous, and does not show his brush. In the first item of the chapter book, it can be clearly seen that it shows gorgeous colors on plain silk and is the model and ancestor of learning art (referring to calligraphy art). Reward the great moral beauty of the article, vent the resentment that the writer can't shake, think about the pitching posture of the text, and give a general example.
The Original Text and Translation of Wei Heng's Four Styles Bookstore (IV)
Qin uses seal script, because there are many things to type and seal script is difficult to write, so let the official help write it, called official script. It began to be used in the Han Dynasty, and only the official seal script was used in the government, Zanxin and the title department. Official script is a quick writing of seal script. Wang Cizhong of Shanggu began to write sample books, and realized that Lingdi loved calligraphy. There were many people who could write at that time, especially stone. A big character is ten feet in diameter, and a small square can write thousands of words. Everyone admires his talent. Sometimes he writes on the wall without taking money to the restaurant to drink, and tourists pay him for the drinks. When the money was enough, he deleted the words. Every time he writes, he always cuts off the shuttlecock and burns it. In order to get a lot of shuttlecock, Liang You gave him wine to drink, and when he got drunk, he secretly took the shuttlecock away. Because of his good handwriting, Liang Hu was finally elected as a minister. Shi later became a general in Yuan Shu. Now Julu Songzi has Gengqiubei, written by Yuan Shuli. The handwriting is very fine, saying it was written by stone. Liang Hu later defected to Liu Biao, and when Wei Wudi broke Jingzhou, he raised Liang Hu. Liang Hu was an official of the Ministry of Election, but Wei Wudi wanted to be the commander of Luoyang, but Cao Cao was appointed as the commander of the north. So Liang Hu was afraid to tie himself to the tent door, temporarily served as a military fake Sima and worked hard as a secretary, so now there are a lot of Liang Hu's handwriting. Wei Wudi hung it in a tent, nailed it to the wall to admire it, and regarded him as a stone. There are many palace questions written by Liang Hu now. Liang Hu is suitable for writing big characters, and Han Danchun is suitable for writing small characters. Liang Hu said that Han Danchun learned Wang Cizhong's method, and Liang Hu's pen showed his potential. Mao Hong, a disciple of Liang Hu, teaches in a secretary, and now eight points are all Mao Hong's methods. At the end of the Han Dynasty, there was a man named Zuo Ziyi, who was slightly different from Han Danchun and Liang Hu and was also very famous. There are two schools engaged in running script: Zhong and Hu. They all learned something from Liu Desheng. Clocks are slightly different, but they also have their own ingenuity, which is now popular in the world. Writing an article "Lishi" said:
The change of Bird Trace is to help the scribe to write, eliminating the complexity and pattern, and it has become simple and easy since then. The official script is used, and the body image is statutes, as bright as stars and as dark as clouds. The big one is eight feet in diameter, and the small one can't catch the hair, so it adapts to the situation of things and has no fixed routine. Some are profound, some are densely arranged, evenly distributed, some are straight, some are winding and disorderly, some are long and skewed, or they are regularly twisted and folded. The length is commensurate, the body is different, but the potential is the same, and it is inseparable. The thin waves spread out coarsely, like a clock, the grass is burning and the smoke is flying in the big room; The mountains are steep, high and low, like overlapping towers, and layers of clouds cover the mountains. From a distance, it flies in the sky like a dragon, but from a close distance, it makes people feel confused and dizzy. Its posture is strange and can't be investigated. Research, mulberry can't be remembered, slaughter and ceremony can't be said. Why can the seal be counted, but this writing is not publicized? Does it mean that the shape is too big to see clearly and its mystery has not spread? Stand there and think carefully, give a general example.
After the rise of the Han Dynasty, cursive script appeared, but I don't know who created it. When I arrived at Emperor Zhang, he was very good at writing. Then came Cui Yuanhe Cui Ai. It is said that they write well. Du Du writes calmly, and the posture of words is a bit awkward; Cui Shi's writing is extraordinary, but his words are small and sparse. Hongnong Zhang Boying learned its exquisiteness, and all the clothes and silks at home should be written before cooking. Learn calligraphy by the pool. The water in the pool is full of ink. When you start writing, you must write a model. You often say, "There is no time to write cursive." There is not an inch of paper left, so far his handwriting is very precious to the world, and Zhong Wei will call him "the sage of grass". Zhang Boying's younger brother Wen Shu is second only to Zhang Boying. Jiang, Liang, Tian Yanhe and Wei Zhong Jiangdu are disciples, who are famous all over the world, but not as good as them. Contemporary Luo, Zhao and Xi Zhou were praised, but they praised themselves carefully, which puzzled everyone. Therefore, it is said that it has some shortcomings compared with Cui Shi and Zhao, but there are many differences compared with Luo and Zhao. Juck Zhang in Hejian is also famous. Although it is in the same state as Cui Shi, it is not as good as Zhang Boying's method. Cui Yuan wrote "Grass Potential" and said:
The rise of writing symbols began with the emperor, writing traces like birds flying by and making chapters. Later, the literature and classics became complicated, and it took a long time. After many political changes, political affairs were abandoned, and most of the articles were copied by Zuo Li, and the previous words disappeared. The method of cursive script is simple, and it can declare intention at any time, and at the same time it is exquisite and practical, time-saving and labor-saving, concise and beautiful. Does it have to be antique? Look at its regular image, the spacing is moderate, and there are no plans and plans for squares and circles. Restrain the left and raise the right, towering and uneven, like an animal walking like a bird jumping, aiming to run, like a sly rabbit suddenly frightened and about to run. Black ink looks like a string of beads, broken but not scattered. One by one, those worried and angry animals ran away strangely. Or in the extreme heights, if you are in danger, lean on one side, such as cicadas holding branches. Starting from the pen, he still bends freely. Du Kebo collects poisons, explores cracks and steep climbs, and puts snakes into holes with their heads inside and tails hanging outside. Seen from a distance, it looks like a collapsed cliff. Up close, I can't move a single stroke. The key is subtlety and timeliness. For a rough example, it seems that this is all. The Original Text and Translation of Wei Heng's Four Styles Bookstore (V)
[Brief Comment] is of great significance to the development history of Chinese characters. The Yellow Emperor and Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are the ancient prose stages starting from the book contract. Qin used seal script. There are six basic ways to make words. In front of you, there is Zhou's calligraphy. After Qin Zhuan, it was official script and cursive script. By the time of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were almost all the characters in all countries, and they were colorful. The word "Shua" in the Western Zhou Dynasty was also called "Shua Da Zhuan" and "Qin Zhuan" was also called "Xiao Zhuan". The Qin Dynasty used eight different fonts, and Wang Mang used six fonts. Official script appeared in the Qin dynasty, and in the Han dynasty, official script with model method appeared (that is, official script written in printed form). Eight-part essay in Jin Dynasty is a kind of official script. There have been official scripts in Wei Chu (that is, official scripts written faster), and the official script written more scrawled is called Cao Li. Cursive script appeared in Han dynasty. It takes a lot of time to write cursive script, so "cursive script is in a hurry", gradually getting out of practice and embarking on the road of pure art, but it is also practical at this time.
The ancients described (rather than discussed) something in the form of fu, which made it too emotional to form systematic and comprehensive knowledge. In order to pile up the text, the accuracy and scrutiny of the text are lost.