In Chongqing, the capital of the national government at that time, there were various forms of celebrations, including literati writing poems to express their joy.
At that time, the newspaper published an essay: "Nanjing, Chongqing, Chengdu", seeking the next link.
There were many applications, but in the end, everyone recommended "China, Czech Republic and Japan" as the best applications.
So a pair of couplets was produced.
Part I: China, Czech Republic and Japan.
Downward: Nanjing, Chongqing, Chengdu
Horizontal Criticism: Victory in the Anti-Japanese War
This couplet is amazing. Not only is the literal antithesis neat, but the content is also rich, the expression is particularly refined, and the logical relationship between the upper and lower is close, which is full of the charm of our Chinese.
The beauty of this couplet is that the names of three countries are linked together, and the names of three cities are linked together. These names are skillfully combined to express the historical facts of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the joy of celebrating the victory.
To understand the content of this couplet, we should first put it in the context of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Secondly, it is necessary to use relevant rhetorical devices for analysis. For example, the word "Czech Republic" in the first part was originally a two-syllable noun, referring to a country. But in couplets, it is divided into two monosyllabic words "Xie" and "Ke" in ancient Chinese by splitting method. Jay, the meaning of victory; G, the meaning of defeat, such as the idiom "defeat the enemy."
Therefore, the Czech Republic, which was originally a country name, can be interpreted as "victory or defeat." The combination of China, Czech Republic and Japan in the first part of the league became the expression of the complete meaning of "China successfully defeated Japan". This is a concise summary of the historical event that China persisted in the war of resistance and Japan finally surrendered.
"Chongqing" and "Chengdu" in the second couplet are also divided into monosyllabic words. Combined with the meaning of couplets, it is understood as the meaning of "heavy" and "new" respectively; "Celebrate", celebrate; "Cheng", become; Du, the capital. So the bottom line means "Nanjing celebrates becoming the capital again".
Why Nanjing? Because the capital of the Republic of China was in Nanjing at that time. In the face of the Japanese onslaught, in order to persist in the war of resistance against Japan, 1937120/month, the China National Government issued a proclamation to move the capital to Chongqing, which said:
"Since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Beiping and Tianjin have fallen and the war has spread. In view of the endless aggression against Japan, the National Government decided to resist Japan and defend itself. ..... The National Government moved to Chongqing today in order to adapt to the war situation, coordinate the overall situation and fight for a long time. From then on, we will fight for a longer time on a larger scale. With the determination of the people of China, the vast land, the death of everyone, their blood and land will be condensed into one, and no violence can separate them. "
In this way, Chongqing became the capital, and Nanjing fell to 1937+02+03.
After the arduous changes in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the international situation, the Anti-Japanese War won, Japan surrendered, the capital was recovered, and the government was about to move back, so "Nanjing, Chongqing and Chengdu" came into being.
This couplet is relatively stable with the names of three cities and three countries as the background. It also skillfully expresses the historical facts of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War with rhetorical devices such as separation and pun, which can really be called a wonderful couplet.
The author of this couplet is not clearly recorded. However, there has been an episode in recent years.
On July 2065438 12, there was an exclusive interview with chongqing morning post. The protagonist of this article, Mr. Xu Hongjian, a calligrapher and former Minister of Culture and Sports of Chongqing Iron and Steel Union, clearly stated that "this couplet was written by his father" and "he saw his father writing this couplet in his study with his own eyes".
The article also said:
From 65438 to 0946, Xu Hongjian moved to Shanghai with his father. "One day, he rushed home with a pile of printed matter in his hand, a bit like a leaflet. It's an old-fashioned poem written by him, with both sides, and it's vertical, as if it were distributed to friends. The title of the poem page is written on the right with his name on it. I saw a sentence in it:' China, Czech Republic, Japanese, Nanjing, Chongqing, Chengdu'. I was 13 years old. I only know a few place names, but I don't know what they mean. "
1960, Xu Hongjian, an employee of Chongqing Iron and Steel Company, went back to Shanghai to visit relatives and saw the page of the poem "Leaflet" he read when he was a child.
The above excerpt is related to the author of chongqing morning post's couplets.
However, if the author is determined only by the above words, it still seems unconvincing. But this pair of couplets has been passed down to this day because of its artistry. No matter who the author is, it doesn't affect our appreciation of this couplet at all.