When reading, we should first tidy up the desk for reading, make it clean and stable, put the books neatly on the desk, let the body sit up straight, face the books, read the words on the books carefully and calmly, and read the articles carefully and clearly.
Every word you want to read is loud and clear. You can't mispronounce a word, read one less word, read one more word, read one word backwards, or just memorize it. Read it a few times and it will come out naturally, even if it takes a long time. The ancients said, "When a book is read many times, its meaning naturally emerges."
In other words, if you read the book well, you will naturally understand its meaning without relying on others to explain it. I once said: there are three ways to read, namely, heart, eyes and mouth. If the mind is not in the book, then the eyes will not look carefully, and the mind will not concentrate, so it can only look casually. That's certainly hard to remember, and even if you do, it won't last long. Of the three, the heart is the most important. If you concentrate, will your eyes be careless and your mouth be inaccurate?
Second, the original text:
When reading, we must clean up several cases, put the books in order, stand up straight, and read the books carefully and clearly. Don't miss a word, miss a word, miss a word, add a word, recite a word, don't force rote memorization, just recite it several times, which is naturally catchy and unforgettable. The ancients said, "Read it a hundred times and you will know its meaning."
If you are familiar with it, you don't need to explain it, you know what it means. I have learned three times, that is, heart, eyes and mouth. The heart is not here, the eyes don't look closely, the heart is not single-minded, it can only read, never remember, and it won't last long. Of the three, the heart is the most urgent. Since the heart is here, won't the eyes be there?
Third, the source:
Excerpted from Zhu's "Children's Learning Discipline in the Southern Song Dynasty" (titled "Discipline Rules")
Extended data
First, the creative background
Instructions for Children are divided into three categories: clothes and shoes, vulgar words, sweeping the floor, reading wedges and chores. Make detailed regulations on children's daily life, study, moral behavior and etiquette.
For example, "anyone who is a child should sweep the place where he lives, wipe a few cases and clean it up"; "Every reader must correct several cases to make them clean and correct"; "There are three to read. It means heart, eyes and mouth. If your heart is not here, you won't look carefully. The mind is not single-minded, only read, and must not be remembered "; "Anyone who is a child must be modest, speak slowly, make no noise or laugh."
Second, the appreciation of works
As early as 800 years ago, China ancient philosopher and educator Zhu pointed out: "Children's childlike innocence begins with clothes and shoes, followed by the wind of talking, followed by sweeping the floor, followed by reading and writing."
Tao Xingzhi, a modern educator, clearly pointed out that "life is education, society is school" and "learning from the future and learning from real people"; "Instead of treating students as Tianjin ducks and instilling them with little knowledge, it is better to give them some keys so that they can automatically develop cultural treasures and cosmic treasures."
Three. Brief introduction of the author
Zhu (1130 September15-1200 April 23rd), with a dark personality, was called Huian, later called Huiweng, and was called Zhu Wengong in the world. Originally from Wuyuan County, Huizhou Prefecture (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province), he was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Youxi County, Fujian Province). Famous Neo-Confucianist, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet, representative of Fujian School, master of Confucianism, Buddha named Zhu Xi.
Zhu is the only person who is not a disciple handed down by Confucius, but likes to visit the Confucius Temple. He ranks among the twelve philosophers in Dacheng Hall and is worshipped by Confucianism. Zhu is a student, a disciple of Cheng Er (Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi), and he is also called a school with Cheng Er. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism had a great influence on the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and became the official philosophy of the three generations. He is another person after Confucius in the educational history of China.
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