This poem embodies the poet's concern for the country, the people and himself.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." (dual) The words you can see: The capital has become broken after the fall, but the mountains and rivers remain the same; Spring has come to Chang 'an, but there are weeds in front of us.
Although he wrote about the scenery, he also conveyed the poet's feelings of worrying about and hurting the country. "Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows."
There are two explanations: one regards the poet as the subject of "love" and "hate". Facing the broken capital, the poet doesn't know when the government troops can put down the rebellion, and how his wife and children can live in the war ... All kinds of ideas bother him. How could he cry without seeing the flowers and be shocked by the smell of birds? The other takes flowers and birds as the main body of "love" and "hate"
This is naturally the result of the poet's empathy for things. Both of these explanations express feelings that hurt the world.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." (dual) "Up to 10,000 yuan" describes the preciousness of letters from home, expressing strong thoughts for his wife and children.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "Whitehead" is realism.
He is getting old so fast, which is entirely caused by worrying about the country and the people, hurting time and homesickness.
2. Three literary common sense of Du Fu's poems
Wang Yue is a five-character poem in modern poetry.
Its couplet is: the creator has endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance, and? A day immediately enters dawn and dusk .. necklace: colorful clouds lave? My mind is free and easy, birds are flying around in front of my nervous eyes ... These two couplets are antithetical sentences, and there are anthropomorphic techniques in natural sentences, but this question is correct. . . . . Duality in metrical poems is a very common rhetorical device, so I don't want to ask.
Spring is a five-character poem in modern poetry, and bonfire refers to war.
The content of the ancient poem Li Shihao is narrative. However, according to the general genre of poetry content, it is divided into chanting things and expressing aspirations, writing scenery and lyricism, and singing history with a sense of antiquity. And the stone officer can't rely on it online.
Supplement: From the big classification, ancient poetry can be divided into classical poetry, modern poetry, ci and qu, and classical poetry can be divided into metrical poetry and quatrains. If we just want to distinguish the three poems in the question, then the first two poems can be said to be modern poems, which are different from the ancient poems in The Story of the Stone.
3. Literary common sense in Du Fu's poems
Song of Eight Immortals Drinking is a unique and distinctive "portrait poem".
Eight Brewmaster were contemporaries and all lived in Chang 'an. They are very similar in drinking, both generous and open-minded. Poets use the language of washing practice and the brushwork of figure sketch to write them into poems, forming vivid group images.
He Zhangzhi first appeared in the Eight Immortals. He is the oldest of them.
In Chang 'an, he once "released the scarab to exchange wine for pleasure" (Li Bai's Preface to Celebrating Wine). The poem says that after he was drunk, he rode like a boat from side to side and felt dizzy. He fell into the well and fell asleep in it.
According to legend, "Ruan Xian was drunk and rode on a horse, and people said,' An old man is like swimming in the waves by boat'" (Du Yi, from the company). Du Fu vividly uses this allusion to describe He's drunkenness and drunkenness when riding a horse after drinking, which is full of humorous and cheerful emotions and vividly shows his broad-minded and reclusive character.
The second character is Wang Lixian of Ruyang. He was the nephew of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and was very popular for a while. The so-called "frequent benefactors" and "twice as much as flesh and blood" (Du Fu's "Gift to the Prince"). So he dared to drink three fights before he went to court to visit the son of heaven.
His drinking psychology is also different. On the way, he drooled at the sight of the curved car (that is, the wine car) and wanted to move his fief to Jiuquan (now Gansu). Legend has it that "there is Jin Quan at the door, and the spring tastes like wine, hence the name Jiuquan" (see Three Ji Qin).
In the Tang Dynasty, the royal family and nobles had the right to attack fiefs. So, among the eight people, only Li Xian will arouse the idea of "moving fiefs", and no one else will dream like this. The poet grasped the characteristics of Li Xian's royal birth, and described his hedonic psychology and drinking behavior in detail, which was true and measured.
Then Li Lai. In the first year of Tianbao, he succeeded Niu Xianke as the left prime minister. He was a good guest and was rewarded in the evening. He spent thousands of dollars on drinking, and the amount of alcohol he drank was like a whale swallowing a hundred rivers. In one sentence, he pointed out his luxury.
However, the good times did not last long. Tianbao five years is just suitable for Li's exclusion. After the strike, he will have a drink at home with relatives and friends. Although he is still drunk, he can't help complaining. He wrote a poem: "Avoid the sages and strike first, and the sages win the cup.". How many guests have come to ask the front door? " (Biography of Li in Old Tang Dynasty) "A cup of music is called avoiding sages", which means using Li's poems. "Le Sheng" means that he likes to drink sake and "avoid being virtuous", that is, he doesn't drink turbid wine.
Combined with the fact that he went on strike, the meaning of "avoiding sages" is a pun, which means satirizing Li. Here, grasping the gains and losses of power and portraying the character, an important aspect, carefully depicts the image of Li, which contains profound political content and is very intriguing.
After the three dignitaries were shown, two handsome celebrities Cui Zongzhi and Su Jin followed closely. Cui Zongzhi is a charming and handsome romantic figure.
He drank too much, so he raised his glass, looked up at the sky, and looked at everything, but no one looked. Drunk, like a symmetrical tree swaying in the wind, I can't control myself.
Du Fu described Zongzhi's handsome figure and chic drunkenness with "Yushu facing the wind", which was very charming. Then write Su Jin.
Sima Qian's Historical Records is good at expressing characters' ideological character with contradictory plots. Du Fu is also good at grasping contradictory behaviors and describing characters' personality characteristics.
On the one hand, Su Jin indulged in meditation and fasted for a long time, on the other hand, he was addicted to alcohol and was often drunk, and was in the contradictory struggle between "fasting" and "drunkenness". But the result is often that "wine" defeats "Buddha" and has to "get drunk and love to escape Zen".
In two short poems, Su Jin's personality characteristics of drinking like a dog, indulging in excess and having no scruples are humorously displayed. After the above five minor figures were presented, the central figure made a grand appearance.
Poetry wine has an indissoluble bond with Li Bai. Li Bai himself said that "36,000 cups must be poured every day for 36,000 days in a hundred years" (Xiangyang Song) and "Xing Han put pen to paper to shake the five mountains" (Song on the River). Du Fu's description of Li Bai's poems highlights Li Bai's hobby and poetic talent.
It is not surprising that Li Bai is a heavy drinker and often sleeps in restaurants in Chang 'an when he is drunk. The phrase "the son of heaven does not board the ship" suddenly made Li Bai's image tall and magnificent.
After Li Bai was drunk, he was even more bold and unrestrained. Even if the emperor summoned him, he was not so respectful and afraid, but proudly shouted, "I am Brewmaster!" " "It strongly shows Li Bai's character of not being afraid of power." The Son of Heaven is not necessarily true, but it is in line with Li Bai's ideological character, so it has high artistic authenticity and strong artistic appeal.
Du Fu is Li Bai's confidant. He grasped the essential aspect of Li Bai's thought and character, and romantically exaggerated it, and shaped Li Bai into such an artistic image of being unruly, wild and unrestrained, and despising feudal princes. This portrait, full of vigor and vitality, has both form and spirit, and shines with the ideal brilliance of beauty, which is unforgettable.
This is the romantic image of Li Bai that people have loved for thousands of years. Another important figure who keeps pace with Li Bai is Zhang Xu.
He is good at cursive writing and drinking. Every time he gets drunk, he screams, and his pen is full of changes. If God helps him "(Du Yi, Volume I). At that time, they were called "Cao Sheng".
After three cups of drunkenness, Zhang Xu's lofty sentiments were unrestrained, and wonderful cursive script flowed from his pen. Ignoring the dignity of the dignitaries, he took off his hat and showed his head in front of the prominent princes. He writes freely and freely, and his words are like flowing water.
How disdainful and informal it is to "take off your hat in front of a maharaja"! It shows Zhang Xu's uninhibited character. The figure behind the house in the song is Jiao Sui.
Jiao Yuan called Jiao Sui a civilian in Ganze Ballad. Jiao Sui got drunk after drinking five times. At that time, he looked even different, talking a lot, and talking a lot, which alarmed the people present for dinner.
In the poem, Jiao Sui's personality characteristics are portrayed, and his extraordinary knowledge and eloquence in the debate are emphasized. His pen is accurate and prudent. The artistic conception of the Eight Immortals Song is humorous, bright in color, light in melody and joyful in artistic conception.
From the phonological point of view, it is a rigorous and complete, rhyme to the end, in one go. Structurally, each character has its own chapter, and the eight characters have clear priorities. Each character's personality characteristics are similar and different, both diverse and unified, forming a whole, setting off each other, like a circle.
I want to know Du Fu's literary knowledge and some famous sentences in his poems, at least five.
Stark sounded the fifth watch, challenging the drum and horn. Shu Xiang
29, reading thousands of books, a lonely boat is home, it is my father Du Xian, and there are birds chirping happily under the leaves. He wrote 1400 poems in his life, including Spring with Green Grass and After Three Months of War. Li Bai's two dreams
32。 Meet Li Guinian at the lower reaches of the river.
9. Yanwu, a friend, recommended him as the staff officer of Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center. What spring looks like.
7, writing like a god, it is close to the gull in the water. Five poems about historical sites
15, I can see heaven and earth floating endlessly, evil bamboo should be chopped, her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? . Give Wei Zuocheng Twenty-two Rhymes
2。 To Li Bai at the end of the sky.
30。 Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night.
27. There are frozen bones on the road. Five poems about historical sites
14。 The script is six quatrains.
23, and then make customs chun. Li Bai's Memories in Spring
4。 Tang Suzong. After entering Shu. Dan Qing presented it to General Cao Ba.
18, moisten things silently. Give Wei Zuocheng Twenty-two Rhymes
3, beautiful words, Jiao Ying just cried and hated thousands of feet. Jun Yibao joined the army and sneaked into the night with the wind. Wan Li tried to defend, and it was as bright as the sky when an archer shot down nine suns. She went out from the Purple Palace to the desert, and bonfires were everywhere. Jiangcun village
28, the wind and rain do not move. What spring looks like.
8. Together with Li Bai, they are called "Great Du Li". On the way to Chengdu Caotang, I will first send five poems to Gong Zheng (the fourth poem).
2 1, all the poor people in the world are happy, Yuan Wailang, processing department. Climbing Yueyang Tower
10, patches of light gulls gallop. Shu Xiang
34. But before he could conquer, he died, and all the wine and meat stink. A poet should beware of wealth and honor, and don't waste rivers and waters to Du Fu (AD 7 12-770). "Two Poems with Warm Hearts on the Waterfront (Part One)"
On 26th, Huan Peikong returned to the soul of the moonlit night, flying like an angel spreading its wings and flying dragons, pulsating the stars and rivers in the sky across the Sanshan and Chiri rivers in Li Shan. Express one's feelings at night
17。 The banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army.
22. Naizu was a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, Du, whose name was Shaoling Yelao. Four quatrains (the third)
19, two orioles singing green willows. Military vehicle shop
Who can marry a neighbor and Juanjuan butterfly on the curtain, Han nationality. Night at the pavilion
13, let wealth and fame float like a cloud. Now I finally climbed the tower and am loyal to your art. You know there is no age. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Fu's poems, but demons can haunt the wanderer and Du Gongbu. Give Wei Zuocheng Twenty-two Rhymes
For you, Yao Shun, the moon ran to the upper reaches of the river, and at the boundary where people's blood overflowed like the sea and this cloud, this cloud floated in the sky all day.
1, and the lonely birds have already sang their grief. There is Wu in the east, Chu in the south, two Cao in name only, the troubled people in the capital, never starved to death, the Confucian lost their lives, buried their children and buried their bones, trusted their families with thousands of dollars, and were pure in heart. Climb the balcony
12, Rain Fish Out of Mao Mao. When I watched the long river roll forward, China was the greatest realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Two quatrains (Part I)
20! Military vehicle shop
5。 Li Bai's two dreams
3 1 was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongxian County, Henan Province). His ancestor was Du Yu, a famous official in Jin, and now she has become a green grave in the yellow dusk, who went to Liang and loudly sang my songs and drank my wine. "From Beijing to Fengxian, chanting 500 words"
May, like a wanderer, is gone forever, and leaves fall like a waterfall. Dongting Lake, when you are lonely and helpless and poor, and Emperor Wu's heart is still beating for the war, on that green spring day, I set foot on my way home, and the breeze is slanting. Seven quatrains on finding flowers in one step by the river (6)
24. On the open space of Ande Guangsha, the stars leaned down and the petals flowed down like tears. The autumn wind broke the hut.
25。 Eight Poems of Qiu Xing
16 is a beautiful scene in the south of the Yangtze River. Butterflies dance all day long, and they are called "poets". The hero has since shed tears on his skirt. Say goodbye to the old
33。 Rowing after the Cold Food Festival
1 1, a line of egrets shed tears at the sky and clusters of chrysanthemums, and met you when the flowers fell.
5. Who knows Du Fu's literary knowledge?
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and was known as the "poet saint".
Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty.
Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department.
Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai and is known as "Du Li" in the world.
The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure".
He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life.
He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Du Fu is a great realistic poet, who wrote 1400 poems in his life.
His experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods. 1. During my roaming at school (before the age of 35), I traveled to Wu, Yue (now Jiangsu and Zhejiang), Qi and Zhao (now northern Shandong and southern Hebei), during which I went to Luoyang to find a job.
After meeting Li Bai in Luoyang, they formed a profound friendship, then met Gao Shi and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to Jizhou again, met at the east foot after breaking up, and separated again, so there was no chance to meet again.
Second, during the period of being trapped in Chang 'an (35 to 44 years old), Du Fu won the first and last place in Chang 'an. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "detaining the rich in the morning, following the fat horse dust at night, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding his worries everywhere". Finally, he got a small official who led the government to join the army.
During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.
3. The arrested thief is an official (45 to 48 years old). When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an.
In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope, Ai Jiangtou and Sad Chen Tao. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection.
Because of the suggestion, Shangshu was demoted to be the prime minister of joining the army. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
Fourth, the wandering period in the southwest (48 to 58 years old). With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu.
When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. Then go back to Chengdu.
After Yanwu's death, he drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to the same lake and died on the Xiangjiang River. The works of this period include Heart on the Water Threshold, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sick Orange, Climbing the Building, Book Reading, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Showing Wu Lang again, Ascending the Mountain, Qiu Xing, Three Jueju and Sui Yanxing.
Throughout his life, Du Fu's thoughts were "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" and "being the best monarch and being Yao Shun", so his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation.
The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines.
There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the old themes of Yuefu and created many new themes of Yuefu, such as "three officials" and "three parting".
After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems.
However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity.
The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190.
This is Du Gongbu. Du Fu Chronology 7 12 Renzi Zong Rui Taiji I (Xuanzong Congenital I), Du Fu was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province.
7 17 Ding Si Xuanzong opened the first five years, and Du Fu was six years old. Taste Yancheng and watch Gong Sundaniang dance "Sword" and "Soul Tuo".
7 18 Wu Xuanzong Kaiyuan Six, Du Fu was seven years old. Initiate poetry.
In 720, Emperor Xuanzong of Geng Shen was eight years old, and Du Fu was nine years old. Start learning Chinese characters.
725 B ugly Xuanzong kaiyuan Yi San, Du Fu was fourteen years old. Zhuang You's poem says: "I studied for fourteen or fifteen years and traveled in the calligraphy world. I am gentle, Cui Wei is obedient, and I am like a monitor.
Original note: Cui Zhengzhou Shang, Qi Xin, Wei Yuzhou. 726 Bing Yin Xuanzong Kaiyuan 14, Du Fu 15 years old.
Prozac got together and said, "I remember when I was fifteen years old, I was as healthy as a yellow calf." Pear and jujube are ripe in August before the court, and the tree day can return to a thousand times.
"In 730, in the eighteenth year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Gengwu, Du Fu was nineteen years old. Swim to Jin, to yi county (now Yishan County, Shanxi Province), and from Wei Zhijin and Kouxi.
73 1 Wei Xin Xuanzong Kaiyuan Yijiu, Du Fu was twenty years old. Tour the five mountains.
In 732, Shen Xuanzong opened the century for twenty years, and Du Fu was twenty-one years old. Tour the five mountains.
733 Gui You Xuanzong Kaiyuan leap in March, Du Fu was twenty-two years old. Tour the five mountains.
734 jiaxu Xuanzong kaiyuan in 222, Du Fu was twenty-three years old. Tour the five mountains.
735 Yi Hai Xuanzong Kaiyuan leap in November, Du Fu was twenty-four years old. This is the first time to recruit scholars since wuyue returned to Dongdu.
736 Bingzi Xuanzong Kaiyuan 24, Du Fu 25 years old. Swim beside Zhao.
Pay Su Yuanming. 737 Ding Chou Xuanzong Kaiyuan 25, Du Fu 26 years old.
Swim beside Zhao. 738 Wu Yin Xuanzong Kaiyuan 26, Du Fu 27 years old.
Swim beside Zhao. In 739, Emperor Xuanzong of Ji Dynasty opened the new century in 27, and Du Fu was twenty-eight years old.
Swim beside Zhao. Chen Geng Xuanzong was opened in 740.
6. Literary common sense of two prose poems
Two prose poems ① Golden Flower is selected from Selected Poems of Tagore.
Author: Tagore. Indian writer, poet and social activist.
His early works include poetry collection Twilight, Morning Song, King and Queen, novel Little Sand, Shipwreck, Gora, script Mojidotara, Post Office, oleander, poetry collection Gitanjaly, Crescent Moon, Gardener Collection, etc. At first glance, this is a poem about a child playing with his mother, expressing his love for his mother, which is nothing strange.
But Tagore is a great writer because his poems can continue to move forward where the feelings and thoughts of ordinary poets stop, go deeper and enter the realm of "forgetting me". (2) Mother lotus leaf.
Author: Bing Xin. This is an essay about writing people's stories through scenery.
The article starts with the lotus in our yard, focusing on the lotus in the rain. The author found that the lotus leaf covered the lotus flower in the rain and touched himself, so he had associations, remembered his mother and the scene that his mother loved her children, and took this opportunity to express his feelings for her mother to protect her children's growth. Writing lotus in this way is to write "I" and lotus leaf is to write about mother, so as to achieve the realm that "I" is a lotus that has withstood the wind and rain, and mother is a lotus leaf that protects lotus from the wind and rain.
Yes, even the lotus leaf will consciously protect the lotus, not to mention the mother loves her children. So he wrote at the end: "Mom! You are a lotus leaf, I am a red lotus, and the raindrops in my heart are coming. Except you, who is the shade under my unobstructed sky? " A few simple strokes clarified the main idea and deepened the center.
"Rain in my heart" refers to the ups and downs on the road of life, and only my mother is the one who protects herself from the ups and downs on the road of life.