Wang Xizhi (303? 36 1 year), word, number Lian (d? N) hurry. The official of the general of the right army, who can review the internal history, is a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and is respected by future generations. Book saint? . Because he is a general of the right army, he is famous all over the world. Wang Youjun? 、? Wang huiji? .
2. Foreword: Also known as? Foreword? Foreword? Introduction? , before the text of the work. Did the author write the preface himself? Custom? The content mostly explains the purpose and process of writing a book; What is the name of the preface written by others? Generation order? The content introduces and comments on the ideological content and artistic characteristics of the book.
In ancient times? Gift order? , is the text of the farewell message, the content is mostly praise, praise or encouragement to relatives and friends, such as Song Lian's "Preface to Dongyang" is the preface given by the author to the younger generation; What else is there? Poetry preface? It is a preface written in front of the poem, telling more stories or the source of the poem, such as the preface of the peacock flying southeast in Han Yuefu.
There is also a preface, which is different from the nature of giving. It is not written specifically for poetry, but more about the grand scenes and the joy of feasting. This kind of preface is called. Banquet order? Or? Banquet tour sequence? . Celebrities in ancient times often held banquets, invited friends to get together and wrote poems together. When the poem was finished, I recommended someone to be the preface. This is the case with Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection.
3. Cultural common sense.
(1) chronology of trunk and branches.
Chronology of trunk and branch is a kind of chronology in ancient China. That is, the chronology consists of ten branches (A, B, C, D, E, Ji, Ke, Xin, Ren and Gui) and twelve branches (Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai) in turn. Such as Jia Zi and Yi Chou, will return to Jia Zi after 60 years. It goes on and on. This method is still in use. In the text,? Years old in Guichou? What? Ugly? What is Heaven doing? Hey? What are the branches on the ground? Ugly? .
Other ancient chronologies: ① Chronology of princes (16th year of Huiwen, Zhao Haoqi); (2) chronology of the emperor's year number (spring of the fourth year of Qing Dynasty); ③ Title combination (Autumn of Apocalypse).
(2) repair.
An ancient custom takes water as an ominous sacrifice, which is chosen on the third day of the third lunar month. Hairdressing is a legacy of the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. "Zhou Li? Spring official:? When the witch reached the age of 10, she got rid of this custom. ? Under the guidance of the witch, she bathed in the early morning of March and prayed for disaster relief. " The Book of Rites of the Later Han Dynasty says:? It was the third day of the first month, and the officials and the people were all clean on the east running water. It is said that washing and removing dirt is a big cleanliness. ? Removing dirt is removing old diseases.
Revision of Preface to Lanting Collection;
On March 3rd, 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, 42 scholars and celebrities, including Wang Xizhi, Xie An and Sun Chuo, held a "retreat meeting" in Lanting, Yinshan, Zhejiang. Everyone sat by the winding water. Through the swirling flow, he filled the wine and put it on the water. Drinking and writing poetry is a big deal.
(2) Introduction in the text.
Speaking of Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, calligraphy comes first. Please enjoy Preface to Lanting Collection (projection display). How do the students feel after reading it? How do people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty evaluate Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style? Floating like a cloud, agile like a dragon? It means flowing like a cloud and vigorous like a dragon. This preface to Lanting Collection is not only a masterpiece of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art, but also a masterpiece of ancient Chinese prose. It has 324 words, which are beautiful and concise. Is it true?/You don't say. Qi Fei's luster and connotation? ! Let's learn and appreciate this famous article together.
(3) Word sorting.
1, try reading and pronunciation.
Gui Chou (guǐ) Xiumao (x? ) flow (shāng) song (qū) water skeleton (h? I'm going to visit you (chěng) and Peng Qi (shāng) and meet you (ku? I) () (x? ) Orchestral music (xi? N) clean and fast flow (tuān) If the unity contract (q? ) Wen Lin (jiē d? o)
2, rough reading, interpretation of words.
(1) Explain the following polysemous words.
① One: A, one song and one chant are enough to talk about intimate relationship. One: One side? Side?
B, every feeling is the reason why people in the past are excited, if they are harmonious. One: together.
C, so I'm pregnant, too. One: Same.
D, knowing that a dead life is a fake birth. One: treat everyone equally.
② Episode: A. Preface to Lanting Episode. Collection: Poetry
B, a group of talents, less and more salty. Set: set
(3) So: A, so it's easy to swim, so: used for?
B, so if you are pregnant, it will lead to one. So:? reason
(2) Flexible use of parts of speech.
(1) The clear current is swift. (adjectives are used as nouns, swift water)
② As a stream of water. What is the causative usage of verbs? Flow)
One by one. (Nouns as verbs, drinking)
(4) An old friend knows that a dead life is a fake birth. (the conative usage of numerals, put? The same).
The destruction of Peng Qi was a mistake. (Verbal usage of adjectives, put? Considered equal)
(3) Classical Chinese sentence patterns.
(1) Life and death are also great. (judgment)
(2) (all) will be in Lanting in Huiji Mountain. (Subject omitted, adverbial postposition)
3 Yan Wu (in) one room, or because of entrustment, let the skeleton scatter (in) outside. (preposition omitted)
(4) can't compare with the chest. (Preposition structure is postpositioned)
(4) Understand the meaning of the text.
Read through the full text, make clear the content levels, find out the words that reflect the author's feelings at all levels, and summarize the main points at all levels.
Clear: the first floor (1, paragraph 2): Describe the grand occasion of the banquet? Music.
The second floor (the third paragraph): Express your feelings about life after the banquet? It hurts.
The third layer (fourth paragraph): explain the purpose of the preface? Sadness.
(5) Language analysis.
1. Find out the sentences about scenery in paragraphs 1 and 2, and enjoy the beautiful scenery.
There are mountains, forests, bamboos, clear streams and rapids, which set each other off. (2) It's another sunny day, sunny and pleasant.
Scene? Beautiful? . Using the method of line drawing, it shows the majestic momentum and deep quietness of the forest here, while the clear and clean streams and the rushing water with flying flowers splashing jade make the beautiful elves fly here. The sound of water is crisp, the sky is clear, the breeze blows on the face, everything assimilates with me, and people's hearts will become smart and refreshing. Believe in coke!
2、? I am very happy about this. Between pitching and pitching, this has become a thing of the past. I'm still happy about it. Things will get better. What kind of life sentiment does this sentence express?
People have different personalities and ideals, but they are all addicted to temporary happiness and pursue temporary satisfaction. However, unconsciously, time goes by and times change. The past happiness is a thing of the past, and it can't be kept by you and me forever. Here, the author gives a sigh of joy and short life.
3、? Knowing that a dead life is a false birthday and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake? What is the author's view of life and death?
The author believes that although people's life span can only depend on nature, life is life, living can enjoy beauty, dying is death, and dying is nothing. Life and death are important events in life and cannot be equated. This means that we should do something practical in our lifetime, and it is inappropriate to talk about Hyunri.
★ What other sentences do you think can impress you? Please write down your understanding and bring it to class to communicate with your classmates. For example:? It is considered that the water flow is the second and the row is the second. Although not as prosperous as the string of silk and bamboo, it is enough to speak freely.
An affair? . There are few adjectives, but all the important details in the banquet are written, which also shows the elegance of the participants.
For example:? Emotion is tied to things, and emotion is also tied to things. ? It tells the common feelings of people through the ages: when recalling the past, although the feelings have changed, it is inevitable that there will be such feelings.
Another example is:? What about Lin? , wrote a lot of people read ancient articles * * * have experience, that is emotionally with the author * * *.
Fifth, classroom inquiry.
(1) Discuss the key points and difficulties.
The teaching here focuses on guiding students? Love reading? On the basis of research study. For example: ① Read aloud and pay attention to the rhythm. For example, having a meeting/meeting in Lanting. There are mountains here. Looking up/the universe is big, looking down/the category is prosperous.
Solid knowledge/one/life and death/behavior/fake life, qi/Peng Yi/behavior/fake work. ② Pay attention to emotional changes when reading aloud. For example:? Yonghe nine years? Where to? What about repairing it? A narrative is smooth and can be read in a soothing tone; Where to? A group of wise men will arrive, and a few are long and salty. , the rhythm is more lively; The third paragraph, because it expresses my views on the joys and sorrows of life, should be read in a gentle and deep tone and emphasized in an exclamation tone? Big? And then what? Pain? ; In the fourth paragraph, we should read the critical tone. Sad? Spit it out slowly and reread it.
1, read paragraphs 1 and 2 of the article, research: What did the author say? Believe in coke? Excuse me? Le? Where did it come from?
Health: Pleasure? At the beginning of spring? 、? It's sunny and sunny? Come on, shit? Mountains and rivers, lush forests and bamboo forests, as well as clean water and rapids, reflect the left and right? Come on, shit? A group of wise men will arrive, and a few are long and salty. Come on, shit? Think it's a waste of time, and still rank second? 、? Is it enough to talk about secret love? Come on, shit? Looking up at the vastness of the universe and overlooking the richness of categories is enough to be extremely entertaining? Come on.
Teacher: (Praise the above speech first, and then analyze it further) Wang Shifu sings The West Chamber. When is the beautiful scenery, who is happy? , that there is life? Simei? Four beauties: the right time, the right place and people. Is that why the author is here? Simei? And then what? Believe in coke? .
2. According to the students? Emotional reading guidance? Read the third paragraph of the article by yourself and explore: What did the author say? Doesn't it hurt? So what did he do? Pain? And then what?
Clear: The fun of the banquet mentioned above serves and paves the way for the discussion in this paragraph and the next paragraph. The author thinks of two different living conditions of people from the joy of the banquet. Some people are quiet and talking about mysterious revelations. In an enlightened room? Some people are manic. Beyond depravity . Although personality and behavior are very different, but? When he is happy with what has happened to him, he will gain something from himself for a while and become self-sufficient soon? Will be intoxicated with temporary happiness and pursue temporary satisfaction. However, unconsciously, time has passed. I wonder if old age is coming. And then what? Love goes with the flow? The beauty of the past has become an old trace, and people cannot keep it forever. Thought of here, the author is? Emotional department? Life is full of joy, and life is short! Moreover, the length of life, its existence and extinction are not subjective, it depends on nature. Because of this, the author lamented? It hurts! ? Pain? This was born.
3. Students read paragraph 4 with emotion and explore: Did the author reveal it? Sad? Love? Sad? Love and? Pain? Is it the same? Why the author? Sad? And then what?
Clear: not the same. Author? Sad? Is closely related to his outlook on life. Have Buddhists and Taoists always been? Dead or alive? Peng Qi? See life and death as nothingness, but? we? These? Help the world? A good scholar-bureaucrat should cherish life and realize his ambition. Because of this, I think? Dead or alive? Peng Qi? My outlook on life is hypocritical and ridiculous, so I? Every time I see the reason why people are excited. ,? Sad? The ancients; The author also? Sad? Descendants? From the future to the present, from the present to the past? , future generations to read? Me? Articles, do you like them? Me? Read ancient Chinese. Here? Sad? Different from the last paragraph? Pain? It is a rational reflection on individual pain and a deeper emotion of compassion for others.
(2) Expand exploration.
People think that this article contains positive emotions when they are depressed. Do you agree? Can you tell me the reason?
Tip: In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author describes the conference environment simply and elegantly, and its charm is as follows: the sky is clear and the air is clear, and the weather is sunny. All these show the author's happy temperament and love for natural beauty.
In the third paragraph, although the author is deeply impressed by the fleeting time and the brevity of life, there is a deep attachment and love for life between the lines.
In the fourth paragraph, the author criticizes Zhuang Zhou while describing the ancients, present people and future generations and lamenting the impermanence of life. Dead or alive? 、? Peng Qi? Nihilism can also be seen as positive.
Sixth, the class summary
? The dead, don't give up day and night? When you hear Tao, can you die at night? Live as a hero and die as a ghost? . The question of life and death has always been the focus of literature and philosophy. Wang Xizhi, a generation of book sage, left us his persistent exploration of life philosophy with fresh, simple and beautiful language in Preface to Lanting Collection. The article sighs:? Life and death matter, so it hurts! ? It embodies his profound sense of life hardship and profound insight into the limitations of life. So, you got it from nature? Believe in coke? The joy of life, feel it again? Between pitches, is it the past tense? Can you still be moved by the sad beauty of the past? Shorten the adaptation and finally end it? The brief pain in our lives.
VII. Reflection after teaching
Reading texts and articles is an important means to teach this article. When teaching, students' spiritual needs are ignored, not blindly? Talk about words? ; At the same time, we should give consideration to students' language ability and literacy, and do not abandon the text, so that Chinese lessons lose their Chinese flavor. Therefore, in the teaching of classical Chinese, reading aloud is an important element. The reading of classical Chinese is actually a process of accumulating appreciation and internalizing and upgrading in reading. So I left enough time for students to guide them to read themselves and questions with relish, instead of replacing students' reading exercises with teachers' analysis. Let students feel and think in positive thinking and emotional activities, and understand the author's inner world, so as to be infected by emotions, inspired by thoughts and enjoy the aesthetic pleasure of reading. Of course, encouragement and guidance, proper extension and guidance will also help students find a balance between sensibility and rationality. In class, from the students' wonderful speeches, thoughtful faces and glowing eyes, I feel that they understand the author's inner voice in reading and improve themselves.
Of course, the study of classical Chinese still needs to build a platform for students to transfer knowledge, so as to further cultivate students' ability of independent cooperation and inquiry, which is still lacking. It is really a long way to go to let students' hearts fly higher and farther with the wings of their own thoughts.