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Although Returning to the Head is a Yuefu poem written by Cao Cao in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is also the last chapter of four chapters of Cao Cao's Out of the Summer Gate. The work is full of philosophy and expounds the poet's attitude towards life.
Name of the work: Kamei Kushisuke
Alias of the work: Although the tortoise is alive
Year of Creation: Twelve Years of Jian 'an (207)
Source: Yuefu Poetry
Literary genre: four-character poems
Author: Cao Cao
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original work
Guicheng (1)
Although the tortoise [2] lived for a long time, there were [3] times.
Teng snake (4) rides the fog and eventually turns to dust.
The old horse is lying, aiming at a thousand miles.
Martyrs are full of courage in their twilight years.
The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky;
If you are happy, you will live forever.
Fortunately, even zai ⒂, singing Yong Zhi.
Annotation translation
Word annotation
(1) Cao Cao Yuefu group poem "out of Xiamen" in the fourth chapter. The poem combines philosophical thinking, impassioned and artistic image, showing a positive attitude towards life. This poem is one of the four chapters of Cao Cao's Yuefu poem "Out of the Summer Gate".
God turtle, the legendary psychic turtle, can live for thousands of years. Longevity, longevity.
(3) unexpected: the end, here refers to death.
(4) Teng snake, the legendary dragon, can ascend to heaven by clouds.
Horse: A good horse, a swift horse.
[6] V: Lie down.
(υ): manager.
Martyr: A person with great ambitions.
(9) Twilight: old age.
⑽ has stopped.
⑾ Surplus and contraction: originally refers to the change of the length of old stars, here refers to the length of human life. Surplus, growth Shrink, lose, extend to short.
⑿ Dan: Only, only.
[13] Nourishing: it refers to conditioning the body and mind and keeping them healthy. Hey, happy, happy again.
[14] Yong: Dragon. Yongnian: Long life.
⒂ Lucky, even: I am lucky, very good. Lucky, lucky. To the extreme. The last two sentences, which are found in every chapter, should be a set of expressions when playing together, and have no direct relationship with the main content.
Vernacular translation
Although the tortoise has a long life, its life will end one day; Although Teng snake can break through clouds and fog, it will eventually die and turn to dust.
Although the old swift horse crouches beside the manger, its ambition is to gallop thousands of miles; Even in his later years, people who aim high will not stop trying to make progress.
The length of a person's life is not just determined by heaven; Take care of your body and mind, and you will live longer.
Very lucky. Use singing to express your thoughts and feelings.
Creation background
According to Zi Jian, in the 12th year of Jian 'an (AD 207), Cao Cao's northern expedition won the victory of Wuhuan. When the troops returned to Korea, it was freezing and dry, and there was no rehydration for 200 miles, so the troops were short of food. Thousands of horses were killed for food, and more than 30 feet of land was dug for water. Starting from Liucheng, the army passed Jieshi Road (now Jieshi Mountain Gully in Changli) and met the landscape of "trees and lush vegetation". It ordered the soldiers to look for water in the mountains and get spring water (later called Xiangquan), so Cao Cao ordered the army to stop and camp. I heard from the woodcutter that this place is called Jieshi Valley. The spring water overflows on the hillside of Tiger, and it is called Guishan in the south and Jieshi Mountain in the southwest. When the sun sets, at dusk, I look at the sunset, and there are nearly ten thousand horses and thousands of troops. My ambition is not paid, and I have a sense of old age. I write poetically: "Although the turtle has a long life, it is still true." The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust. The old horse crouches, aiming at thousands of miles; The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky; Blessings that nourish grace can last forever. Fortunately, Lian, the song is to be sung. "
After pacifying the rebellion in Wuhuan and destroying the remnants of Yuan Shao, he went south to pacify Jing and Wu. An important war in Cao Cao's great cause of reunifying the north. On the way to the expedition, I wrote the Yuefu song "Step out of Xiamen". It consists of five parts, beginning with the word "Yan", that is, a preface poem, and each part is named after a poem, that is, Returning to the Wind, Watching the Sea, Winter in October and Cold River in a Different Land. At this time, Cao Cao has reached the age of destiny, so he said at the beginning of the poem: "Although turtles live a hundred years, they still fly away and will eventually turn into dust."
The author is a famous politician and strategist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. This is the beginning of 208 AD. After he put down the rebellion in Wuhuan and wiped out the remnants of Yuan Shao, he went south to conquer Jing and Wu. At this time, Cao Cao is 53 years old and can't help thinking about the journey of life. Therefore, at the beginning of the poem, he chanted with infinite emotion: "Although the turtle has a long life, there are still times when it jumps over the snake and rides on the fog and eventually turns to dust." "Zhuangzi Qiushui" said: "I heard that there was a turtle in the State of Chu, and it was three thousand years old when it died." Cao Cao did the opposite, saying that the tortoise lived for three thousand years, but it was still inevitable to die! "Ziheather" records: "Flying dragons ride clouds, making snakes swim in fog, clouds stop fog, and dragons and snakes are the same!" "Teng snake" can ride like a dragon riding clouds and fog, and its skill can be described as great! However, once the clouds clear, they will disappear like flies and ants! In ancient times, Qin Huang Hanwu and other great masters were seduced by the art of immortality, but Cao Cao had a clear understanding of the natural laws of life, which was valuable in the era of predicting superstition. What is more valuable is how to treat this limited life? Cao Cao swept away the tragic tone of the literati at the end of the Han Dynasty who lamented that life was like a dream and advised people to eat, drink and be merry in time, and sang generously: "An old horse crouches and aims at a thousand miles. In the year of martyrs, go forward bravely. " Cao Cao compared himself to a galloping old horse. Although he is old and frail, he retired to the second place, but his chest is still full of lofty sentiments and ambitions.
works appreciation
Literary appreciation
This is a philosophical rich man, written by Cao Cao in his later years, talking about the poet's attitude towards life. The philosophy in the poem comes from the poet's real experience of life, so it is vivid and has sincere and strong emotional power; Philosophy and poetry are expressed by visualization, so the perfect combination of reason, ambition and emotion is realized in the concrete artistic image. In the poem, "An old horse crouches in the tiger, aiming at a thousand miles, and the martyrs are full of courage in their twilight years." Four sentences are famous sentences that have been told through the ages. Their brushwork is vigorous and rhythmic, which contains a heroic spirit of self-improvement and profoundly expresses Cao Cao's strong and enterprising spirit in his later years. The rhyme of the whole poem is ups and downs, the first four sentences are eloquent, and the two phrases of "still there" and "finally for" are leisurely. The next four sentences of "Lao Ji" turned into passionate tone, and the pen was thunderous, which made the image of this "domineering" hero jump from the page. And the last few sentences reveal a deep and euphemistic amorous feelings, giving people a warm feeling. The whole poem is full of ups and downs, with meticulous mechanism, shining with the light of philosophical wisdom, emitting the feeling of forging ahead and shaking the optimistic tone. The artistic style is unpretentious, noble and generous, which shows the poet's enterprising spirit of self-improvement and optimistic spirit of loving life. The length of a person's life is not entirely determined by the sky. As long as he keeps healthy physically and mentally, he can prolong his life. This shows that the poet holds a negative attitude towards fate, and his optimistic spirit of confidence in things depends on man-made, which expresses the poet's lofty ambition of not being unwilling to age, not believing in fate, struggling endlessly and never stopping pursuing great ideals.
Finally, people are not completely powerless in the face of natural laws. Although the length of a person's life cannot violate the objective laws, it is not completely given to God. If you take good care of your body and mind and make them healthy and happy, you can also prolong your life. Cao Cao's "happiness in keeping fit" doesn't mean sitting still and sitting back, but that a person's mental state is the most important, and he should not be depressed because of old age, but should be "full of courage"-he should have an endless pursuit of ideals and a positive spirit, always optimistic, energetic, constantly striving for self-improvement and maintain ideological youth. Cao Cao revealed the significance of human spiritual factors to health through personal experience.
Zhong Rong of the Southern Dynasties wrote a poem "Poetry", which evaluated poets and distinguished grades, putting Cao Cao's poems at a disadvantage. However, Cao Cao's poems have a shocking power, which makes countless heroes fall in love with each other crazily. According to "Shi Shuo Xin Yu", Wang Dun, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once drunk and chanted Cao Cao, aiming for thousands of miles. The martyr's next year is full of courage. "Wishful spittoon is a holiday, and the spout is short. Why are theorists' eyes so different from readers' eyes to appreciate love? This is a thought-provoking question. The poem praised by General Wang is the fourth verse of Cao Cao's Yuefu poem "Out of Xiamen". Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao and his son at that time, pacified the North Fifth Ring Road, was full of ambition, optimistic and confident, and wrote this group of poems to express his great ambition to make contributions. At this time, Cao Cao is 53 years old and can't help thinking about the journey of life. Therefore, at the beginning of the poem, he chanted with infinite emotion: "Although the tortoise has a long life, it sometimes flies and eventually turns to dust. "
"Zhuangzi Qiushui" said: "I heard that Chu had a turtle and died at the age of three thousand." Cao Cao took it by surprise, saying that the tortoise had lived for three thousand years, but it was still inevitable to die. "Everything goes wrong" records: "Flying dragons ride clouds, making snakes swim in fog, clouds stop fog, and dragons and snakes are the same!" "Teng snake" can ride like a dragon riding clouds and fog, and its skill can be described as great! However, once the clouds clear, they will disappear like flies and ants! In ancient times, Qin Huang Hanwu and other great masters were seduced by the art of immortality, but Cao Cao had a clear understanding of the natural laws of life, which was valuable in the era of predicting superstition. Cao Cao swept away the tragic tone of the literati at the end of the Han Dynasty who lamented that life was like a dream and advised people to eat, drink and be merry in time, and sang generously: "An old horse crouches and aims at a thousand miles. In the year of martyrs, go forward bravely. " Cao Cao compared himself to a galloping old horse. Although old and frail, he was demoted to the next position, but his chest was still full of lofty sentiments.
The more valuable value of The Ghost Blows the Lamp is that it is a real poem, which opens up a new era of poetry. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ousted hundreds of schools of thought, and held the thoughts of people in the Han Dynasty captive for three or four hundred years, so that the literati in the Han Dynasty could not write poems, but only wrote great poems praising the achievements of emperors and endlessly annotated Confucian classics, and the literature with true feelings and individuality could not be developed. Until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world fell apart, stormy, political, ideological and cultural changes took place. As a hero in the world, Cao Cao, who loves poetry and songs, took the lead in going astray and brought a free and active atmosphere to the literary world. He is surrounded by a large number of literati, such as "Seven Scholars of Jian 'an", who live in a war-torn era and often show impassioned thoughts and feelings. As "Wen Xin Diao Long Time Series" said: "When you look at it, you are elegant and generous, good at being scattered in the world, light and vulgar, with a deep ambition and a long pen, so you are generous and full of gas. "In particular, Cao Cao wrote poems on the pommel horse, which was tragic and generous, shocking ancient and modern times, unprecedented and unprecedented. The hearty style of this passionate poem was later called "Jian 'an Style", with Cao Cao as the most prominent representative. For thousands of years, Cao Cao's poems have shocked the hearts of heroes all over the world with this "generous" spirit and its inherent positive and enterprising spirit. It is this precious characteristic that makes Jian 'an literature shine brilliantly in the history of China literature. Zhong Rong placed Cao Cao in an inferior position, mainly because he was "ancient and straight" and lacked literary talent. I didn't know that Cao Cao, a hero, was dismissive of carving chapters and pecking sentences. Zhong Rong was from the Six Dynasties. Scholars at that time paid great attention to literary talent and gorgeous colors. As the saying goes, "a hundred words are used together, and the price of words is strange." Zhong Rong's evaluation of Cao Cao is too low, which is obviously due to the ethos of the times. We know that any literature, including poetry, is secondary to content after all. In the past, Cao Cao's literary position was often concealed by his political achievements, but was not taken seriously. In fact, he is an outstanding figure in the history of China literature development, especially his pioneering work on Jian 'an literature, which really deserves a lot of attention.
Famous comments
Zhang Tieming: Expressed the poet's lofty sentiments of never getting old, not believing in destiny, constantly striving and never stopping pursuing great ideals.
Brief introduction of the author
Cao Cao (155 —— March, 22015), the word Meng De, an auspicious character, and the small character A Zhen,
Portrait of Cao Cao
Pei Guoqiao (now Bozhou, Anhui Province) was born in Han nationality. An outstanding politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The founders of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms conquered all directions in the name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, wiped out the separatist forces such as Er Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao and Han Sui at home, surrendered the southern Xiongnu, Wu Huan and Xianbei abroad, unified the northern part of China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, which laid the foundation for the founding of Cao Wei. Cao Cao was the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty before his death, then Wang Wei, and after his death, posthumous title became King Wu. His son Cao pi