Culture is difficult to define. Different countries and scholars have different definitions of culture. Now there are more than 260 definitions of culture. Sociological dictionary defines culture as the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of social development. We usually refer to culture as ideology. As an ideology, culture has distinct national characteristics. The cultures of different nationalities are expressed through languages, science and technology, religious beliefs, customs, costumes, diets, festivals, buildings and other forms. For example, our Chinese characters, poems, words, songs, poems, couplets, calligraphy, music, Chinese New Year, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and other festivals, Chinese food, hot pot, wine culture and other food cultures, ancestor worship, bodhisattva worship, sedan chairs, suona blowing, weddings and funerals and other customs, quadrangles, pavilions, terraces, buildings, and so on. Our writing is a typical representative of China culture, reflecting the connotation and development history of our national culture. For example, China's "zhong" and "kou" refer to the meaning of scope and field, "bi" refers to the top-down connection, and "connecting heaven and earth with people" (Wang Daotong III in the Spring and Autumn Period) refers to people communicating with heaven and earth. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Zhong Dingwen, "Chinese" means writing. Ancient ancestors set up a "clock" to observe the wind direction, in order to account for good or bad luck. "Three" is a tool that connects up and down, "mouth" is a place that connects heaven and man, and "middle" is a "prop" that shows the world God's command of making wind and rain, good luck and bad fortune. As a sacred symbol, the bell moved with the crowd when the emperor moved the capital. "Zhong", as the expression of the domain scope of the ancestors when dealing with the relationship between heaven and man, is also a symbol of the absolute standard in the world (Heaven Emperor). God is right, missing is right, right and wrong. This is the origin of advocating the culture of heaven and earth. "Fengtian carries goods, and the emperor gives orders ..." evolved from the form of reading out the good or bad results of the ancient ancestors' establishment of "China". As a sacred symbol, "Zhong" became the coordinate origin of ancient ancestors' expansion of territory. That is, when the ancestors could not distinguish between east, west, north and south, they first set "zhong" as the coordinate origin. This is the origin of the central meaning of "zhong", and we can also see the origin of people's self-centered concept. Therefore, "China" can be interpreted as a country that respects the nature of heaven and earth, acts according to God's will and is in the center of the earth. The Chinese nation's understanding of the country lasted for thousands of years. Until the Qing Dynasty, China people still claimed to be the Chinese Empire. From the word "zhong", we can see the development of China culture and its mysterious historical origin. Our poems and songs reflect our nation's admiration for cadence and repetition. Our ancestors skillfully used the vibration principle of physics. They cut bamboo into pipes, and compared the pipes with cylinders of the same material and shape (both of which have the same natural frequency) as the standard measuring tools for unifying national weights and measures. Use the length, capacity and weight of millet to determine the standard of weights and measures. This regular calculation of the same method and the same quantity not only produced mathematics, advanced calendar, phenology and medicine unique to China, but also invented and used the three-point profit and loss method, pure method and twelve-average method very early. Due to the developed temperament and musical beauty of Chinese characters, China has become a country of rites and music and a country of poetry. Poetry and songs are the unique products of our national language and culture, and there is no unique taste when translated into other languages. Our developed wine culture reflects that our nation advocates etiquette and has complex social interpersonal relationships. Sacrificing ancestors, worshiping bodhisattvas, celebrating the New Year and celebrating the Mid-Autumn Festival reflect our national cultural concept of respecting gods and nature. Siheyuan is a reflection of Tianyuan's local cultural concept. The dense pavilions and pavilions in the center of Ming-style buildings and the magnificent buildings in Qing Dynasty reflect the different cultural styles of the northern and southern nationalities in China.
Culture has a powerful and irresistible force. A certain culture regulates people's behavior and thinking habits, imperceptibly influences, shapes and assimilates everyone in this cultural environment, making you a member of it. People who grew up in different cultural environments will naturally be branded with this culture. Due to the influence of different national cultures, people of different cultures and nationalities have different "tastes". Because we speak Chinese, write Chinese characters, do things according to China people's thinking habits and celebrate China Festival, we are called China people. Culture has stability and inheritance. The inheritance of culture is accomplished through oral communication, habit edification, ancient book records and education. There are various forms of expression of culture, but the core of culture is the way of thinking and values. The mode of thinking is the mindset formed by people of a nation or region in the long-term historical development process. Thinking mode permeates all fields, and behavior habits are different because of different thinking modes. The way of thinking virtually guides people's behavior and habits. For example, if you go to Beijing and people ask you where you are from, you will answer that I am a teacher in a school in a county in Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province. If you ask an American where he lives, he will say that he lives in a street, a city and a state. Our way of thinking is to emphasize the whole, the whole precedes the part, and the collective precedes the individual, so it is reflected in the concept of space from big to small. Americans, on the other hand, emphasize the individual, and the word "I" in English is capitalized everywhere, so the concept of space is from small to large. We emphasize the holistic way of thinking, which makes our country a unified whole with strong cohesion and centripetal force. China is a unitary country, and 56 ethnic groups are a family. However, the neglect of the individual has become a hotbed of psychology and thought that produces autocracy and centralization. Westerners emphasize that individual thinking mode is the psychological and ideological basis of individualism, democracy and freedom. Values are the value orientation when dealing with the relationship between man and nature, man and man, and man and society. Different values and evaluation criteria lead to great differences in cultural expression. Due to cultural differences, different nationalities determine the direction of national development, which makes different nationalities present different characteristics. Russia's cultural awareness of great powers determines the development of its military industry and the characteristics of authoritarian power politics; The rigor of Germans and the pursuit of perfect procedures determine their scientific and technological development; American democracy and freedom determine their prosperity and strength, and so on. Therefore, only by deeply understanding the cultural core of a nation can we truly understand this nation.
Today's society is in a period of rapid development of science and technology, knowledge explosion, great changes in social economy and politics, diversification of values and reconstruction of Chinese culture. The core of China culture can be summarized as "constantly striving for self-improvement" and "being virtuous and carrying things". It shows the never-ending spirit of struggle, the spirit of seeking truth from facts, the innovative spirit of keeping pace with the times, the spirit of resistance without fear of violence, the spirit of sacrifice for justice, the spirit of loving peace, the humanistic spirit of valuing the people over the monarch, the spirit of seeking common ground while reserving differences, and the spirit of harmonious development between man and nature. However, due to the historical conditions of China culture, her scientific spirit, democratic spirit and legal spirit are seriously lacking. Today, when we carry forward traditional culture, we should hold high the banner of science, democracy and legal system. All social reforms ultimately boil down to cultural changes. China's half-century socialist construction has gone through the process of "all-round opening of social system → reconstruction of social and economic structure → transformation of social and political system → reconstruction of social and cultural model", and culture has finally become the key to social transformation. National culture is the foundation and lifeline of a nation's survival and development. When a nation's culture dies, a nation dies, and how many nations die in history. The reason why Jews have been driven to all parts of the world for thousands of years without assimilation and extinction is that they have preserved their own language and culture. To change the social structure of a nation or a country can only be achieved through cultural reform and cultural reconstruction. Reforming those factors that hinder social development and China's cultural progress will be the most difficult, painful and profound revolution in China. However, only through this kind of pain can the self-reconstruction of China culture be realized, so as to realize the reconstruction of China's socio-economic, political structure and operational mechanism, and the Chinese nation can be reborn at a higher level and be invincible. Therefore, only those things that are deeply rooted in culture and daily life habits are the signs of successful reform.
Knowledge and culture are internal and external. Knowledge is the crystallization of knowledge, and culture is the intelligent soul of knowledge. Knowledge is the foundation and expression of culture. People are subtly influenced by culture in the process of learning knowledge. For example, we learn from China's "Zhong" and how to read and write. Understanding the word "Zhong" means learning knowledge. In the process of learning, how to know and understand the meaning of the word "zhong", experience, comprehend and accept the way of thinking of ancient ancestors in understanding the relationship between heaven and man, and deal with the value orientation of the relationship between heaven and man is to accept cultural influence. It can be seen that only under the cultural background can we truly know and understand knowledge, and knowledge will become something with life and soul. At the same time, culture is expressed in the form of knowledge. People regard knowledge as the carrier of understanding and mastering culture, so that people often equate knowledge with culture. So people often talk about cultural knowledge, or people with knowledge are literate. But through analysis, we can see that knowledge does not necessarily have culture. The core of culture is the way of thinking and values that people have precipitated in the long-term understanding process, and culture is not equal to knowledge.
Knowledge and culture are produced in practice. Different practices produce different knowledge and culture. With the development of practice, knowledge will be constantly updated and culture will continue to prosper. The development process of human society is the process of knowledge growth and cultural prosperity. The generation and development of knowledge and culture are influenced by the environment. Under different geographical and climatic conditions, people have created different knowledge, and cultures have presented different styles. Hunting and grazing make northerners sum up and accumulate the knowledge of hunting and grazing, and the vast grassland, blue sky and white clouds cultivate northerners' boldness and roughness; Agricultural production enables southerners to summarize and accumulate farming knowledge, and pastoral pastoral gives birth to southerners' delicate warmth; Orientals advocate east wind, Mediterranean people advocate west wind, people in the northern hemisphere advocate sitting north to south, and people in the southern hemisphere advocate sitting south to north. These differences are the result of environmental impact.
Knowledge and culture bring forth the new through change and stillness. Knowledge and culture are inherited, and with the development of people's practice, new knowledge and new culture will be created continuously. Therefore, knowledge and culture are generally dynamic. However, because knowledge is updated faster, the way of thinking and values embodied in culture, especially in the cognitive process, are relatively stable, because once a nation's way of thinking and value orientation are formed, it is difficult to change. So the core part of culture is relatively static. People with different ethnic and cultural backgrounds are constantly creating new knowledge and new cultural forms under the guidance of certain ways of thinking and values. In this way, knowledge and culture continue to develop in movement and stillness, making mankind more civilized and progressive.
Because knowledge, especially the knowledge gained by mechanics, is easy to forget, and now is the era of knowledge explosion, it is impossible for people to learn all the knowledge, and a lot of knowledge becomes useless or wrong with the development of science and technology and the deepening of people's understanding. But this does not mean that learning knowledge is not important, and learning the most basic knowledge is necessary, but it is more important to learn how to acquire knowledge and form emotional attitudes and correct values in the process of acquiring knowledge, that is to say, it is more important to cultivate cultural literacy in the process of learning knowledge. Otherwise, the students we cultivate are people with knowledge and no culture, while knowledge without cultural connotation is knowledge without life, and people without cultural connotation are people without soul. Cut off the umbilical cord of China culture, you are neither a China native nor a foreigner, just like a computer-controlled robot. Therefore, schools should not only teach students knowledge, but also inherit culture.
Teachers can't change the economic and political structure of society, but they can influence society by inheriting culture and shaping the minds of teenagers. Confucius became a teacher of all ages by spreading the values with benevolence as the core, the social order with propriety as the standard, and the moral norms of loyalty, honesty and shame with filial piety as the core. Marx became the soul of * * * productism with his dialectical materialism and surplus value theory. Education is a very important channel for inheriting culture, and teachers naturally bear the responsibility of inheriting Chinese culture. We can't let the foundation and lifeline of Chinese culture fall into our hands. Only by inheriting and carrying forward Chinese culture can we be worthy of the glorious title of human soul engineer. Therefore, in the process of guiding students to discover knowledge, we should guide students' thinking, pay attention to students' psychological and emotional changes, cultivate students' correct values, make the process of students learning knowledge become a process of accepting cultural influence, make knowledge full of cultural spirituality, and make our students not only knowledgeable, but also educated and upright China people.