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There are two sources of the Chu surname: 1. It comes from the surname Qi (according to Chu Zhenhua, family tree records). 2. Comes from the old Manchu surname: Chuoke Qin. The Chuoke Qin family (COKI HALA) is found in "Qing Dynasty Tongdian. Clan Brief. Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria". The surname is based on the place. He lived in Chuoke Qin for generations, and later changed his surname to Han.
The surname Qi is the 145th surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.08% of the country's Han population. ?
(1) Tracing the origins There are six sources of the surname Qi: 1. It comes from the Duke of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to "Yuanhe Surnames Compilation" and "Ciyuan", Sun Xi, the fourth generation of Xianhou of Jin, was the official of Jin Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period. He lived in Qi (the old city is located in the ancient county town fifteen miles southeast of Qi County, Shanxi Province), so he took the name of the city. For the family. 2. Comes from the surname Ji, after Huangdi. According to "Guangyun", among the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor, fourteen of them had twelve surnames, including the surname Qi. 3. Comes from the Tao Tang family and is a descendant of Yao. According to "A Study of Surnames", Emperor Yao had the surname Qi after his family. 4. According to "History of the Road", there was a surname of Qi after Shaohao. 5. After the father of Sima Qi in the Zhou Dynasty, he was named after his father. It is said that Qi's father was an official in charge of military affairs, and later generations took the official surname. 6. From other tribes. The surname of a Manchurian in the Qing Dynasty who lived in Shenyang for generations; also, the surname Qideli of the Eight Banners of Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty was later changed to the single surname Qi; in the Qing Dynasty, the chieftain of Xining, Gansu (now part of Qinghai) and the chieftain of Nianbo County, Gansu (now Qinghai Ledu) had the surname Qi , are Mongols; the Qiga clan of the Tu nationality, the Han surname is Qi; today the Tujia, Yi, Manchu, Baoan, Dongxiang, Hui and other ethnic groups have this surname.
(2) The ancestor of the surname Qi Xi, whose courtesy name is Huangyang. A senior official of the Jin Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period. Duke Ao of the Jin Dynasty was a lieutenant in the army at that time, but he later asked to retire because of his old age. He initially recommended his enemy Jie Gu to replace him, but because Jie Gu died before he could take up his post, he also recommended his son Qi Wu to replace him. Confucius praised him: "Do not avoid foreign affairs. Qiu, not avoiding relatives in internal affairs, can be said to be respectful of the public. "After Jin Pinggong came to the throne, he was appointed as the official of the public clan. The original surname was Ji. In the first year of Duke Ping of Jin Dynasty (556 BC), he collected food from Qi, so he changed his surname to Qi after taking the land as his surname. Later generations of descendants respected Qi Xi as the ancestor who got the surname.
(3) Reproduction and Migration The surname Qi originated from Qi District. At that time, Qi District included almost the entire Pingchuan in central Shanxi. In the twelfth year of Jin Qinggong (514 BC), Qi Xi's grandson Qi Ying was killed for a crime, and his food was confiscated. After that, Qi's descendants scattered in Jin. After the three families were divided into the Jin Dynasty, the Qi surname originated in Qi and scattered in Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and other provinces today. In the Western Han Dynasty, the Qi surnames found in the historical records include Yang Wang's grandson You Qihou Ta (first known as Qihou), and Qi Taibo, a wealthy man from Xinfeng (today's southwest of Weinan, Shaanxi). It can be seen that at this time, people with the surname Qi had settled in Shaanxi. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the surname Qi was still rarely seen in historical records. However, according to "Hundred Family Surnames in Counties" and "A Study of Surnames", there were two counties with the surname Qi: one was Taiyuan County and the other was Fufeng County. This shows that during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Qi family had been multiplying in the above two places for a long time, and the population was prosperous and the reputation was resounding. In the later period, many Qi surnames in other places were derived from these two places. This period was an era of great social turmoil, great ethnic integration, and great migration of northerners. Due to the large number of northern nobles migrating southward, it was inevitable for the Qi surname to move southward. For example, during the Three Kingdoms period, there was Qi Geng from Kuaiji Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). At this time, there was also Hedong from the Northern Wei Dynasty (who ruled today's Xia County, Shanxi Province) who appeared in the history books. ) Ren Qi Xian. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Qi surname was more widely distributed in the north, and people with the Qi surname now live in Shandong and Gansu. During the two Song Dynasties, especially after the Southern Song Dynasty, the Qi surname gradually became more prosperous in the south. Today, people with the Qi surname have settled in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places, and more and more people from the south have their names recorded in history. The social unrest at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty led to a sharp decline in population in what is now the Central Plains, East China, and Central and South China. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Shanxi Qi surname was one of the surnames of the people who immigrated to the Hongdong Sophora tree in the Ming Dynasty. They were relocated to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shaanxi and other places today. After the middle of Ming Dynasty, the surname Qi spread more widely across the country. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, some Qi surnames from the coastal areas began to migrate to Taiwan and other Southeast Asian countries. Today, the surname Qi is widely distributed across the country, especially in Jiangsu, accounting for about 44% of the country's Han population with the surname Qi.
(4) County Wangtang No. The Qi surname has formed the following county names in the long-term reproduction and migration process: 1. Taiyuan County was established in the Qin Dynasty and was governed by Jinyang (today’s Taiyuan, Shanxi). The territory is similar to the area south of Guanxun Mountain and north of Huoshan Mountain in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi today; 2. Fufeng County was established by the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms, and its governance was located in Huaili (southeast of today's Xingping, Shaanxi). Its jurisdiction is similar to the west of Linyou and Qianxian County in present-day Shaanxi. , the area north of the Qinling Mountains was moved to Chiyang (now northwest of Jingyang, Shaanxi Province) by the Jin Dynasty, and Haochou (east of today's Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province) was moved by the Northern Wei Dynasty. Hall names: "Taiyuan", "Dansheng", etc.
(5) Clan Characteristics 1. The surname Qi originated from the north, and Qi means grand. The contemporary Qi family is also quite grand. 2. The origin of the surname Qi is complex. According to "Fu Shan Quanshu·Rhyme of Celebrities in the Spring and Autumn Period" it is recorded: "Qi Ju: the tenth year of Xi. In winter, Gu Zanrui killed Qi Ju. Note: Jin Dafu." The tenth year of Xi is 650 BC, annotated as Fu Shan's approval shows that Qi Ju was a senior official of the Jin Dynasty, and he was nearly a hundred years older than Qi Xi. This also provides a good footnote for the complex origin of the Qi surname, but it is a pity that his lineage has not been passed down.
(6) Essence of Celebrities Qi Wu: A native of the Spring and Autumn Period, a doctor of the Jin Dynasty. Son of Qi Xi. In the fourth year of the Jin Dynasty (570 BC), he was appointed as a lieutenant in the army on behalf of his father. During the reign of Duke Ping of Jin Dynasty, he once led his army to Quwo to chase Luan Ying. Qi Ying: A native of the Jin Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Wuzi, a doctor at the time of Qinggong in Jin Dynasty. The retainers Qi Sheng and Wu Zang had their wives engaged in adultery, and Ying arrested them both. Qi Sheng framed Qi Ying by bribing Xun Shu to advise the Marquis of Jin, and Qi Ying was killed by the Marquis of Jin. Qi Xian: Hedong native, alchemist in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Taiwu admired him very much for his excellent physiognomy and worshiped him as a senior doctor. He was soon dismissed. Qi Shunzhi: A native of Fufeng, Qizhou (now Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province), a minister of the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, he served as Zuo Si Yuan Wai Lang. In the fifth year of Tianbao, he was appointed as Wailang, a member of the Ministry of Punishment, and was ordered to go to Beihai to kill the prefect Li Yong. Six years later, he wrote "Ode to Kailiang Gongyan". In the second year of Emperor Suzong's reign, he compiled "Nansou Xun". Qi Xu: A native of Jiangnan, a painter of the Song Dynasty. The work depicts flowers, bamboo and feathers, as well as buffalo and cat. Qi Zai: a native of the Jianghuai River and a famous doctor in the Song and Jin Dynasties. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, medical skills were used to supplement officials. After the Jin soldiers captured Bianjing, they were captured and sent to Taiyuan Hospital. After relocation, he served as an envoy to the officials and imperial doctors. Later, he was killed because Shangshu opposed the attack on Song Dynasty. Qi Shun: A native of Dongguan, Guangdong, with the courtesy name Zhihe and the nickname Xunchuan, he was a minister in the Ming Dynasty. Tianshun Jinshi, appointed as the head of the Ministry of War, and became a doctor. After becoming an official, he went to Jiangxi Province as the political envoy to Zuobu. There are "Shiqianfu Chronicles" and "Xunchuan Collection". Qi Chi: A native of Dongguan, Guangdong, an official in the Ming Dynasty. Zhengde Jinshi, appointed head of the Department of Punishment. Later, he served as a doctor in the Ministry of Punishment. He was famous for his ability to solve doubtful cases and was called Qi Foye by the people. He was once released to serve as the magistrate of Raozhou. Qi He: A native of Anyi (now Xia County), Shanxi Province, an official in the Ming Dynasty. During the Zhengde period, he became a Jinshi and served as deputy envoy to Shandong. During the Jiajing period, the people who resisted the government in Qingyang Mountain, Shanxi Province were suppressed and received special orders. Qi Yunshi: A native of Shouyang, Shanxi, he was an official and geographer in the Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong reign, he became a Jinshi and became a doctor in the household department. He was later imprisoned and exiled to Yili, Xinjiang. In the 16th year of Jiaqing, he was appointed as the lecturer of Lanzhou Sanshan Academy. He is familiar with Manchu and is enthusiastic about studying the northwest mountains and rivers and the history of various tribes. There are "Biography of the Princes of the Mongolian Hui Tribe", "Story of the President of Yili", "Summary of the Domain", etc. Qi Tugong: a native of Gaoping, Shanxi, and a minister of the Qing Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in the first year of Jiaqing, and served successively as a doctor in the Ministry of Punishment, the inspector of Zhejiang, the chief envoy of Guizhou, the governor of Guangxi, and the minister of the Ministry of Punishment. He died while serving as the governor of Guangdong. Qi Cuizao: A native of Shouyang, Shanxi Province, a minister of the Qing Dynasty. Jiaqing Jinshi. He once served as Minister of War, Ministry of Household Affairs, and Minister of Military Aircraft. At the beginning of Tongzhi, he was appointed as a bachelor and minister of the Ministry of Rites (with the same position as prime minister). He advocates simple learning, likes diction, and is good at calligraphy. There are "Ma Shounong Yan", "Qin Xuezhai Notes" and so on. His younger brother Qi Suzao was a Jinshi during the Daoguang period and served as the chief envoy to Hunan and the chief envoy to Jiangning. His son Qi Shichang also became a Jinshi and became the Minister of the Ministry of Industry and the Yin of Shuntian Prefecture. He is the author of "Essentials of Hanlin Calligraphy" and "Annals of Qi Wenruigong". Qi Huan: A native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, he was a painter of the Qing Dynasty. He was good at painting orchids and bamboos. He likes to collect ancient Yi tripod books, especially ancient inkstones. There is "Twenty-Eight Inkstone Collection". Qi Zhaoxi: a native of Shanghai, Jiangsu Province (today's Shanghai City), an official in the Qing Dynasty. From official to prefect. During his seventeen years in Guangdong, he had been in charge of supervising and supervising foreign affairs and other affairs, and was familiar with foreign affairs. During the Tongzhi period, he escorted the first batch of Chinese scholars to study in the United States.
Origin of the surname:
The first surname of the Han people comes from the surname Qi. It was changed to the surname Chu because of the emperor's slip of the tongue. Around 1010 in the Northern Song Dynasty, the emperor called Qi Wei, the official responsible for managing money and food, and mistakenly called Qi Qing's family as Chuqing's family. Since no one dared to point out the emperor's slip of the tongue, he started with Qi Wei and his grandfather Chu Hui'an. Changed to Chu surname. (Said Chu Zhenhua of Honghu, Hubei, recorded in his genealogy). Therefore, the ancestor of Chu surname is Chu Huian. There are 5 second-generation brothers and 22 third-generation brothers. Note: Duzhi: In the Song Dynasty, it was responsible for the national financial budget department, equivalent to the Ministry of Finance, a department under the Ministry of Household Affairs; Yuanwailang: official name, deputy position, equivalent to the current deputy director.
Junwangtang number:
Nanjun: Qin established Nanjun with the Chu land it occupied, governed Ying, and moved to Jiangling. Sun Wu once moved to police. The Western Jin Dynasty used to govern Jiangling. Sui Nan County is Jingzhou
Qi County: In the Western Han Dynasty, it was first Linzi County, and later changed to Qi County to govern Linzi. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was Beihai County, Qingzhou.
Clan characteristics: 1. Loyalty and filial piety; 2. Integrity; 3. Law-abiding; 4. Hardworking and simple.
Reference material:/wjx/frame.asp?id=541&name=chu