History of coin development in China;
I. Currency of Qin and Han Dynasties
After Qin Shihuang unified China. On the basis of the unified balance of power system, it is the basis of unifying Qin and Ban Liang. However, shortly after casting, due to tyranny and huge military expenditure, the minted currency continued to lose weight and become lighter. At the beginning of the founding of the army, Liu Bang paid for the army himself. Qian Wen adopted the old name of Qin Banliang. But the actual weight is only about three baht. Allow people to make their own castings. Therefore, most of the small seal characters, light, light, small and shallow, are all Han and half beams. Five baht was cast in A.D. 18, which lasted for nearly seven or eight hundred years until the fourth year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (A.D. 62 1 year). It is the currency with the longest casting cycle in China. The number of people left behind is huge and the categories are complex.
Second, the currency in the period of Wang Mang
Since the second year of Wang Mang (AD 7), three monetary reforms have been carried out, and the monetary system is chaotic. But he created the exquisite currency that attracted worldwide attention, and the quality of the currency he made was the peak of his generation. Wang Mang's Shufa Qian used hanging money stamps, which were very high-profile in terms of round money, cloth money and knife money, and protected the characters well.
Third, three currencies.
Wei, Shu and Wu are called the Three Kingdoms in history. During this period, the monetary system was complicated, wars continued and historical records were unknown. Nowadays, it is difficult to distinguish between the casting place and the casting time when it is broken into the currency of the Three Kingdoms period. During the Three Kingdoms period, the money system in different places was different: Wei got five baht; In addition to casting five baht in Shu, there are another 105 baht; Wu has five hundred springs, a thousand springs, two thousand springs and five thousand springs.
Fourth, the currency of Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
The history books say nothing about minting money in the Western Jin Dynasty. Five baht was mainly used at that time. When the Western Jin Dynasty unified China, the national treasury was enriched and the national strength was strong. Therefore, in addition to using the old money of the Han dynasty, it should also be cast by itself. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, after the Eight Kings Rebellion, all ethnic minorities went their separate ways, and many of them made their own money. Te Li and Li Liu, leaders of the Ba people, founded the Han Dynasty in Sichuan, and created "Hanxing", the first currency named after the year in China history.
Five, Sui and Tang Dynasties currency
After Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty laid the foundation stone for Chen, the Sui five baht was unified legal tender, and the word "fierce" was added to the left of the word "five" in the Sui five baht.
In the early Tang Dynasty, the old coins of Sui Dynasty were still used. Tang Gaozu Wude four years (AD 62 1 year), ordered the abolition of five baht, casting Kaiyuan Bao Tong, ending the history of two currencies in China and entering Bowen currency. Qian Wen, the four-character "Kaiyuan Bao Tong", was written by Ou Yangxun, a calligrapher. His words are dignified and dignified, showing the prosperous and peaceful style of the Tang Dynasty.
Currency of ten countries in the Six and Five Dynasties
Throughout the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries, lead and iron were the main currencies, with more bad money and less fine money, reflecting the political turmoil, economic depression and people's poverty at that time.
VII. Currency in Song Dynasty
The monetary system in Song Dynasty was mainly copper coins, but there were also iron and lead. Silver and silver coins are more important in payment and purchase than previous dynasties. Paper money began to be formally produced and implemented, which was the biggest feature of the monetary system in Song Dynasty.
Copper coins and iron coins in the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties are obviously different. There are more copper coins than iron coins in the Northern Song Dynasty, and more iron coins than copper coins in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, copper coins were more than money, while in the Southern Song Dynasty, copper coins were less than money. The title of the Northern Song Dynasty is Qian Wen, and that of the Southern Song Dynasty is not only Qian Wen, but also the title and discipline supervision. The biggest difference between other currencies in the Song Dynasty is Qian Wen's calligraphy, many of which were written by emperors or calligraphers. It is true that all kinds of herbs are available. It is the pinnacle of China's currency calligraphy.
Eight. Yuan dynasty currency
When the Mongols ruled China, they brought a fundamental change to China's monetary system, that is, China adopted white money as a measure of value. China's monetary system, if painted with texture, is the dividing line of copper coins in the Tang Dynasty, and Thai baht is the two currencies above the Tang Dynasty. In the past nomadic period, Mongolians mainly bartered things, and the use of white currency system was mainly influenced by foreigners in neighboring Central Asia, and it was also the product of foreign trade. Before the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolia began to cast China currency, such as "Bao Tong in the Great Dynasty" and copper coins. After China gained sovereignty, it mainly used paper money, but also minted a lot of copper coins and silver coins.
Nine, Ming dynasty currency
The monetary system in the Ming Dynasty was dominated by paper money, but a large number of copper coins were also cast, with complex types. Zhu Zhu coinage began with arrogance and memorization of Historical Records, which was a major feature of copper coins in Ming Dynasty and influenced the coinage in late Qing Dynasty. Moreover, the coins of the Ming Dynasty, once turned to North Korea, were all Bao Tong, not ingots, mainly to avoid Zhu Yuanzhang's "Yuan" taboo.
X. Qing dynasty currency
The monetary system in the Qing Dynasty was generally based on the behavior of silver coins, and the price of silver and copper was generally maintained at around 1,000 yuan. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Rebellion broke out due to corruption in the Qing court. The remarkable feature of coins in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is that (1) coins are called "sacred treasures", which are different from coins in previous dynasties. (2) There is no sign of discipline, no value and no weight on coins. Qian Wen divided the book into two parts.
XI。 New China currency
The legal tender in People's Republic of China (PRC) is RMB, and the People's Bank of China is the competent authority of RMB, responsible for the design, printing and distribution of RMB. The unit of RMB is yuan, and the unit of RMB token is jiao and fen. 1 yuan equals 10 angle, 1 angle equals 10 minute. People's Republic of China (PRC) has issued RMB for more than 50 years. With the development of economic construction and the needs of people's lives, it will be gradually improved and improved. So far, five sets of RMB have been issued, forming a multi-variety and multi-series monetary system, such as paper money and metal coins, ordinary commemorative coins and precious metal commemorative coins. Except for 1, 2 and 5 cents, the first, second and third sets of RMB have been withdrawn from circulation. At present, the RMB in circulation is the fourth set of RMB issued by the People's Bank of China since 1987 and the fifth set of RMB issued in 1999, and both sets of RMB are in circulation at the same time.