[urgent] historical issues! Why did ancient Chinese characters disappear? Why can Chinese characters be used today?

Only Chinese characters have been used to this day and have great vitality. Why is this?

The development history of characters tells us that all ancient characters in the world evolved from pictures, and hieroglyphics are the earliest characters. But hieroglyphics can only represent tangible objects (strictly speaking, hieroglyphics can only record words that represent tangible objects), and those abstract things and more complicated things cannot be represented by hieroglyphics. What do we do at first, people used some simple symbols to express abstract things, used existing hieroglyphs to express more complicated things, or combined several hieroglyphs to express more complicated things. The characters created by these methods are ideographic characters, that is, they use glyphs to express the meaning of words. Although this method can create many words, it is very limited and far from meeting the needs of recording language. When the society develops into a language that must record whole sentences, it can only be temporarily replaced by homophones (or near sounds), that is, words with homophones to be written. Although this loan word has nothing to do with the meaning of the word to be written, because of its contextual function, when people see this sentence again in the future, it can still remind people which word it records. In ancient Chinese, this method is called metonymy With the increasing use of loanwords, people will naturally find that word-making can not only focus on the meaning, but also express the meaning with glyphs; You can also focus on the sound of words, that is, using glyphs to represent the sound of words. When people consciously use this method, they are creating pinyin characters. It is a natural and simple way to express a certain pronunciation with a ready-made word (or a little modification), which can be used by many ethnic groups. But different nationalities will have different feelings: people who use monosyllabic words as the main language will find it convenient; People who use polysyllabic words as their main language sometimes find it inconvenient because a word needs to be recorded by multiple words. However, this is only the feeling of the initial stage; After this stage, people will find a deeper problem: in a language dominated by monosyllabic words, many homophones will inevitably appear due to the extension and borrowing of meaning, but phonology cannot distinguish formal homophones. In order to prevent misunderstanding, they can take the original monosyllabic words as stems and distinguish homophones by adding different prefixes or suffixes. Not many morphemes are added, and the problem is solved well. This method is widely used, and as a result, the language dominated by monosyllabic words has become a language dominated by disyllabic words. In a language dominated by disyllabic words, it is inconvenient to record each word with multiple symbols at first, so the symbols will be simplified, and this problem will not be felt after a long time. After countless times of practice and exploration, phonography has been improved repeatedly, some of which have maintained syllabic characters, and some have developed into phonological writing. Because any word has sound, you can create the word %A for all words by phonetic notation.