Wen Tianxiang (1June 6, 236-12831October 9), formerly known as Sun Yun, was named Song Rui with a good word. Road number floating Taoist, Wenshan people. Luling, Jizhou County, Jiangxi Province (now futian town, Qingyuan District, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province) was a politician, writer, patriotic poet, famous anti-Yuan minister and national hero at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, and together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, he was also called "three outstanding men in the end of the Song Dynasty".
Baoyu was the first scholar in four years (1256). In the year of Kai Qing Yuan (1259), he was awarded the judge of the Navy Festival. In April of the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he served as the military supervisor and also managed the bachelor's college. He was dismissed from office because he made sarcastic remarks in Jia Sidao when drafting the imperial edict. In the first year of Deyou (1275), the Yuan army went down the Yangtze River, and Wen Tianxiang ran out of money for the army, recruiting 50,000 diligent soldiers and entering Wei 'an.
Xuanren was appointed as the ambassador of western Zhejiang and Jiangdong, and also known as Pingjiang House. He sent a general to Changzhou, but General Zhang Quan of Huai was defeated and retreated to Yuhang. He was appointed as the right prime minister and envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and was ordered to make peace with the Yuan Army. Bo Yan, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, was detained and escorted to the north to escape.
In May, in Fuzhou, Zhang Shijie, assistant minister Lu Xiufu, right-hand prime minister Chen, etc. They established the sea strategy of going north to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which was blocked by Chen, so they went to Nanjianfu (now Nanping, Fujian) to gather troops to resist Yuan. Jingyan attacked Jiangxi again in May of the second year (1277), and was finally forced by the situation and lost to Guangdong.
In December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong). The following year, Zhang Hongfan, commander-in-chief of the Mongolian and Han armies in the Yuan Dynasty, took him to Jianshan (now Xinhui South) and ordered him to surrender to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang refused, and The Zero Crossing and Ding Yang was an ambitious book.
After Yuan Shizu was transferred to the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing), Kublai Khan personally advised him to be the prime minister of Zhongshu. Wen Tianxiang righteously, would rather die than surrender. In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283 65438+10.9), he died in Dadu. At the age of 47. He is the author of Wenshan Poetry Collection, A Guide to the South, Postscript to the Guide, Song Zhengqi, etc.
2.fan Zhongyan
Fan Zhongyan (August 29, 989-1May 20, 052), of Greek origin, Han nationality. Suzhou Wuxian people. An outstanding thinker, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was young, and his mother remarried Changshan Zhu, so he changed his name to Zhu Yue. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Fan Zhongyan studied hard, awarded Guangdejun's manager to join the army, welcomed his mother back to raise him, and changed his name. Later, he served as Xinghua county magistrate, manager of Secret Pavilion School, chief judge of Zhou Chen, and well-known in Suzhou. And has been repeatedly criticized for his rude remarks.
In the first year of Kangding (1040), together with Han Qi * * *, he served as Shaanxi's deputy envoy, appeased the recruitment, and adopted the policy of "long-term wasteland reclamation" to consolidate the northwest frontier defense. For three years (1043), Li Qing participated in the discussion of state affairs and launched the "Qingli New Deal". Soon, when the New Deal was frustrated, Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Beijing and learned about Zhangzhou, Dengzhou, Hangzhou and Qingzhou.
In the fourth year (1052), it was changed to Yingzhou, and Fan Zhongyan took office for illness and died on the way, at the age of 64. The King of Chu posthumously conferred the title of Minister of War, posthumous title "Zheng Wen", known as the Duke of Fan Wenzheng.
Fan Zhongyan's political achievements are outstanding, and his literary achievements are outstanding. His thought of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" and the integrity of people with lofty ideals have a far-reaching impact on future generations. There are a number of Fan Wenzheng official documents handed down from ancient times.
3. Yue Fei
Yue Fei (165438+March 24th, 003-114265438+1October 27th) was born in Tangyin, Xiangzhou (now tangyin county, Henan). The famous anti-Jin generals, militarists, militarists, national heroes, calligraphers and poets in the Southern Song Dynasty ranked first among the "Four Generals of Zhongxing" in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Yue Fei joined the army four times since he was twenty years old. From the second year of Yan's founding (1 128) to the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1 14 1), he participated in and directed hundreds of battles. 8 jin j attack jiangnan, independent, anti-jin, recover health. In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1 134), six counties in Xiangyang were recovered.
In the sixth year of Shaoxing (1 136), he led the northern expedition and successfully captured Shangzhou and Zhouguo. In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1 140), Hong Yanzong destroyed the alliance and attacked Song, Yue Fei sent troops to the northern expedition, and the people of the two rivers rushed to tell each other. Rebels all over the country responded in succession and launched an attack on the 8 Jin Army. Yue Jiajun successively recovered Zhengzhou and Luoyang, defeated Jin Jun in Yancheng and Yingchang, and marched into Zhuxian Town.
However, Song Gaozong, Zhao Gou and Prime Minister Qin Gui made peace with one heart and urged the army to move forward with twelve "golden plates". During the Song-Jin peace talks, Yue Fei was framed and imprisoned by Qin Gui, Zhang Jun and others. 114265438+1October, he was killed together with his eldest son Yue Yun and Zhang Xi 'an. When he was in Song Xiaozong, he was rehabilitated and reburied in Qixialing, West Lake, chasing Wu Mu, then Zhong Wu and sealing the king of Hubei.
Yue Fei was an outstanding commander in chief in the Southern Song Dynasty. He attached great importance to the people's resistance to gold, and made a plan of "connecting the river with the new moon". He advocated that the non-governmental anti-gold forces in the north of the Yellow River and Song Jun should cooperate with each other to jointly recover lost land. Manage the army, reward and punishment are clear, discipline is strict, and you can sympathize with your subordinates and set an example. The "Yue Jiajun" led by him is known as "freezing to death without demolishing the house and starving to death without being captured". The Jin army has a comment that "it is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue family army" to show its sincere admiration for the Yue family army.
Yue Fei's literary talent is also rare among generals. His masterpiece "Xie Honghuai across the Yangtze River" is a patriotic masterpiece that has been told through the ages, and later generations have compiled anthologies.
Extended data
Early experience
When Su Wu was young, under the protection of his father Su Jian, he was an official doctor with his brother Su Jia and his brother Su Xian. Later, he was promoted to the head of the stable.
Yes, Huns
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty continued to crusade against the Huns, and the two sides repeatedly sent envoys to spy on each other. The Huns detained more than a dozen people before and after the Han envoys and Lu, and the Han Dynasty also detained Hun envoys to offset them. In the first year of Tianhan (BC 100), the emperor of Shu was in power, and he was afraid of being attacked by the Han Dynasty. He said, "The emperor of the Han Dynasty is my elder." China's ambassador to Lu, who had been detained before, was returned.
In order to praise it, Liang Wudi sent Su Wu as a corps commander to escort the Huns detained in Han to return home, and thanked Khan for presenting a gift. Su Wu, deputy corps commander John Zhang and temporary special envoy Chang Hui temporarily recruited 100 infantry and scouts to follow him. When I arrived in Xiongnu, I presented property to Khan. Khan is becoming more and more arrogant, which is not what Han expected. ?
Khan sent a decent emissary to escort Su Wu and others, which coincided with the rebellion of the King of Yue Gou Jian and Yu Chang in Xiongnu, and secretly planned to kidnap Khan's mother E Shi to the Han Dynasty. At the right moment, Su Wu waited for the Huns. When Yu Chang was in the Han Dynasty, he had an old friendship with John Zhang and visited John Zhang privately. He said: "I heard that the emperor of the Han Dynasty hated Wei Law, so I can shoot him with a dark arrow for the Han Dynasty. My mother and brother are both in Han, and I hope they can get rewards from the Han Dynasty. " John Zhang promised him and gave Yuchang many possessions.
After more than a month, Khan went out hunting, and only E Shi and Khan's children were there. Yu Chang waited for more than 70 people to get up before, but one of them escaped at night, exposing their plans. Khan's children fought with them, and King Gou Jian died. I am often captured alive. Khan sent Wei Law to hear the case. When John Zhang heard the news, he was worried that what Yuchang said would be exposed, so he told Su Wu about it.
Su Wu said, "What happened will definitely implicate me. If I am infringed, I am even more sorry for the country. " So I want to kill myself. John Zhang and Chang Hui stopped him. For John Zhang, danger always exists. Khan was furious and called the nobles to discuss and kill the ambassador. Zuo Yizhi said, "If someone murders Shan Yu, how can the punishment be aggravated? Should surrender. " Khan sent Wei Law to summon Su Wu for trial.
Su Wu said to Chang Hui, "You will lose face if you live!" As he spoke, he drew his sword and stabbed himself. Lv Wei got a fright, hugged Su Wu and sent someone to ride a fast horse to find a doctor. The doctor dug a hole in the ground, lit a fire in the hole, put Su Wu on the hole, and knocked on his back to let blood flow out. Su Wuben died, and it took him a long time to recover. Chang Hui and others cried and drove Su Wu back to the camp. Khan admired Su Wu's moral integrity, sent someone to visit him in the morning and evening, and imprisoned John Zhang.
Su Wu's injury gradually improved. Khan sent messengers to surrender Su Wu and tried Yu Chang at the same time, hoping to make Su Wu surrender. Wei Law personally killed Yu Changhou with a sword and said, "It should be a capital crime for Han to murder a minister who is closely related to Khan, but Khan should recruit people who are willing to surrender and forgive him." Raise your sword to cut John Zhang, John Zhang, please surrender. Wei Law said to Su Wu: "If the adjutant is guilty, the prison army should also sit together."
Su Wu said, "I'm not involved in the plan, and I'm not his relative. Why should I sit together? " Lv Wei pointed his sword at Su Wu again, but Su Wu didn't move. Wei Lv said, "Su Jun, I turned my back on the Han Dynasty and surrendered to the Huns. I am fortunate to be favored by Khan, endowed with title and wealth, and manage tens of thousands of people. A mountain of cattle, horses and animals has made me rich today. The Soviets surrender today, and tomorrow they will be like me.
Otherwise, it's no use using your body as fertilizer for weeds. Who knows! "Su Wu didn't respond. Wei Law said, "If you surrender to me, I can be your brother. If you don't take my advice today, you won't see me so easily again. "Su Wu scolded Wei Law and said," You are a courtier, regardless of kindness, betraying the monarch and parents and surrendering to barbarians as prisoners. I see what you are doing. "
Besides, instead of trusting you and letting you decide the life and death of others, you enforce the law fairly, but you want to provoke the contradiction between the two monarchs and see the success or failure for yourself. South Vietnam once killed the envoys of the Han Dynasty, and was finally eliminated by the Han Dynasty. South Vietnam became the nine counties of the Han Dynasty. Wang Wan once killed the messenger of the Han Dynasty, and was finally destroyed by the Han Dynasty. His head was also hung in the north gate. North Korea killed the ambassador of Korea and was immediately destroyed.
Only the Huns did not suffer such a fate. You know if I don't surrender, you will kill me and let the two countries go to war. Let's start with me. "
Wei Fa knew that Su Wu could not be bullied and reported Khan. The more Khan wanted him to surrender, he imprisoned Su Wu in a big cellar and refused to give him food or drink. When it snowed, Su Wu lay chewing the snow, swallowed it with felt wool, and lived for several days. The Huns thought he was a man of God, so they moved Su Wu to Beihai and let him release the ram, saying that it would not be returned to Korea until the ram gave birth to a lamb. At the same time, arrange his subordinates Chang Hui and others in other places.