Shaanxi tourist attractions
It takes about 4 hours to drive from Xi'an to Yan'an. On the way we will pass by Youren's hometown - Sanyuan, "King of Medicine" Sun Simiao and calligrapher Liu Gongquan The hometown of Tongchuan, the burial place of the Yellow Emperor, the founder of the nation, the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor. Starting from Huangling County, where the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum is located, we will enter the Loess Plateau. After passing through Luochuan, Ganquan and Fuxian, the "Holy Land" Yan'an will appear in front of you. . ,
I wonder what impression everyone has of northern Shaanxi and Yan'an? “The land is full of cattle and sheep”, “The waist drum is played magnificently”, “Folk songs are nice”, “The girls are pretty”, “Line rows of cave dwellings”, “Northern Shaanxi paper-cutting” haha! It seems that everyone knows a lot about Yan'an! good! Along the way, I will tell you about the beautiful and mysterious northern Shaanxi.
Customs and customs of northern Shaanxi
The Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, with a total area of ??about 93,000 square kilometers, is the central part of the Loess Plateau in China. There, there are ditch after ditch, mountains after mountains, and beams after beams. It can be said that "the sky is high and the earth is thick, the land is simple and vast, the land is dignified, majestic, rich and magnificent."
Speaking of northern Shaanxi, everyone must know this jingle, which is called "Mizhi's mother-in-law, Suide's Han; Qingjian's stone slabs, Wayaobao's charcoal". These are the "Four Beauties of Northern Shaanxi" that everyone often talks about.
Aunt Mizhi has outstanding qualifications and is simple and enthusiastic. They are outstanding representatives of Shaanxi women and the women of the entire Northwest. Legend has it that Diao Chan, one of the four beauties in China, was born in Mizhi. Aunt Mizhi's whole body is filled with natural enthusiasm. Under the strong sunlight and the strong northwest wind, they appear to be closer to the land and more energetic than the women in Jiangnan.
There is a saying: "Mizhi's mother-in-law, Suide's Han." From ancient times to the present, this sentence has been widely circulated as a good story. If you really want to know the origin of "Sudehan", it's best to read "History of the Song Dynasty" and you can understand it at a glance. The anti-gold hero Yue Fei was murdered by the notorious treacherous prime minister Qin Hui in the Fengbo Pavilion of Dali Temple (now Zhejiang Medical University in Hangzhou) on "unfounded" charges. When the patriotic general Han Shizhong heard about this, he became furious and started fighting. Once, in front of the emperor and all the civil and military ministers of the dynasty, Qin Hui, who held the most powerful power in the country, asked loudly by the collar: "How can you conquer the world with the word 'no need'?" Earthy, incoherent, and trembling. From then on, "Amazing, Suide Han!" has become a mantra for people to praise Suide men.
Does everyone know? We Shaanxi men also have a cute name called "Lengwa". The word "Leng" humorously captures some of the characteristics of Shaanxi men, such as being mature and orthodox, treating others kindly and sincerely, and having a stubborn and perseverant temper. etc. But if you think that the "Lengba" are all honest and stupid boss Wang, you are totally wrong. The "Lengba" are smart, wise and foolish, and know better than anyone else. However, the "Shaanxi Lenwa" people like to eat big mouthfuls of meat, big bowls of wine, and big bowls of noodles. A big bowl of laocou wine was drank in one go. On the surface they appear to be mild-mannered and moderate, but when they get angry they get angry and can't even pull back seven or eight cows.
Qingjian County is located at the southern end of Yulin area. Jujubes are abundant there. The red dates in Qingjian County are large, bright in color and taste good, and their output ranks first among the counties in northern Shaanxi. There is another place in Qingjian County that I have to mention, and that is Yuanjiagou Village. It is a small mountain village with only more than 150 households. Chairman Mao wrote there on a snow-covered day in February 1936 The famous poem "Qinyuan Spring, Snow".
Folk Songs of Northern Shaanxi
The joys, sorrows and joys of people in northern Shaanxi are just like the environment in northern Shaanxi. There is no transitional middle ground and they are unabashed. Have you heard of Xintianyou? That singing was truly amazing. I will sing a few lines for everyone: "The oats are blooming sparsely, I have forgotten my mother and I will never forget you. If you don't come back in the next day, you will pick up my shoes and break them." "You are you, I am me. You Come on your mountain and I'll walk on my ditch. If you can't say anything, just wave your hand. It's my friend who is not walking away."
It can be said that the folk song is from northern Shaanxi. Flowers blooming from the soul. "Women cry when they are sad, and men sing when they are sad."
It is common for people in northern Shaanxi to sing folk songs regardless of their emotions, especially in difficult times. What people swallowed were coarse grains, melons and vegetables, but what they sang were sweet folk songs. If you don’t believe it, listen to: "Talk to each other, hold hands, let's ride together."
Walking in northern Shaanxi, no matter in the green mountains or on the rugged and winding trails, we can always walk together. You can hear the echoes of people's high-throated and loud singing "stopping the sheep and responding to the cow's voice". Even the aunts who collect shoe soles and spin threads, the middle-aged and elderly people who travel, ride donkeys, and cool under the big trees in summer can hear their low-pitched folk songs at any time. Two languages.
Yangko and waist drum in northern Shaanxi
People in northern Shaanxi not only love to sing, but also love to dance. This "dance" includes two aspects: one is Yangko; the other is waist drum playing.
Speaking of Northern Shaanxi Yangko, everyone should be familiar with it. According to the "Mizhi County Chronicle": Yangge "origins from ancient ancestor worship". When spring comes, people sing for joy, so it is called "Yangge". In some places in northern Shaanxi, the "umbrella" of the Yangko team is called "Rizhao", which is a continuation of the oldest worship of the sun god. According to the records of "Wubao County Chronicle": Yangko "originates from the hometown of rice" and is a song sung when planting rice. "In the early Ming Dynasty, it was introduced to northern Shaanxi from the south of the Yangtze River and combined with dance." It can be seen that Yangko in northern Shaanxi is a culture of the north and the south. The product of fusion. There are two characteristics of Northern Shaanxi Yangko: one is "noisy" and the other is "twisting". Therefore, Northern Shaanxi Yangko is also called "Nao Yangge" or "Twisting Yangko". Every Spring Festival is the Northern Shaanxi Yangko Festival. The competition season is of course the most prosperous time. Generally, after the competition in the village, there is a festival in the town.
There is a festive atmosphere everywhere in the northern Shaanxi Plateau. Vigorous and rough, many kinds of powerful gong and drum art were born in this ancient land. The gongs and drums in northern Shaanxi include Ansai waist drum, Luochuan laime drum, Yichuan chest drum, Zhidan fan drum, and Huanglong hunting drum. , Huangling lifting drum, Tuji opposite gong and drum, etc. The most famous one is Ansai waist drum. Ansai waist drum can be divided into Wengu and Wugu. The Wengu is mainly about twisting, which is lively and smooth. Wugu is mainly about beating, kicking, straddling and stomping; the performance of heavy drumming is bold and enthusiastic, cheerful and powerful, and powerful; it has both "soft" force and "hard" courage; the drum beats have clear rhythm, The sound of the drum is bright, when it is condensed, it is like a jade pond storing water, and when it is moving, it is like a broken silver vase; its movements are complex and change rapidly; the waist drum moves its head and tail, full of air, the drum legs are free and unrestrained, masculine and vigorous, and the lower drum is steady and serene, such as During the performance, the drummer has a white sheep belly towel on his head, a sheepskin coat, leggings or "hero boots" on his feet. The dance is vigorous and exciting, bold and powerful, like an eagle striking the sky, with a rainbow-like momentum. Watching it makes people excited and can't help but watch Ansai's waist drum in the sky. Feiyang was shocked when he danced. He said: He didn't expect that in the gentle and honest traditional Chinese folk dance, there would be such a arrogant and wild team.
Since the reform and opening up, An. The Sai people are famous for their waist drum playing. In 1997, Ansai County was designated by the Ministry of Culture. , the place where this poem was written was in Yuanjiagou, a remote mountain village in Qingjian County, northern Shaanxi Province. On February 5, 1936, which was the 13th day of the first lunar month, Mao Zedong traveled over the mountains and rivers from Sichuan Pass. After crossing Wuding River, we traveled more than 30 kilometers and arrived at Yuanjiagou in the afternoon. Later, more than 100 people from the Eastern Expedition Red Army headquarters also arrived here, including Mao Zedong, who lived in the five-hole cave dwelling of Bai Yucai's house. Zhou Enlai and other leaders. This trip was to command the Red Army's anti-Japanese vanguard to cross the Yellow River via Shanxi and march to the anti-Japanese front lines in Hebei and Chahar to promote the anti-Japanese struggle of the people of the country. The "Eastern Expedition Declaration" was also written here in February. On the evening of the 20th, the Red Army's anti-Japanese vanguard successfully crossed the Yellow River at Xinguan Ferry below the Gaojiawa Plateau. On the morning of the 23rd, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others also took wooden boats to cross the Yellow River at Xinguan Ferry and embarked on the Anti-Japanese Eastern March.
Mao Zedong and others stayed in Yuanjiagou for eighteen days. It snowed heavily the night we arrived. The next day, Mao Zedong and others walked through the snow to Gaojiawa, adjacent to the Yellow River, to inspect the terrain. Standing on the snow-covered Loess Plateau, they looked into the distance and saw a vast expanse.
Mao Zedong's passion for poetry arose spontaneously. It was in the cave where he lived that he wrote the famous poem "Spring in the Garden with Snow". The small square table he used when writing it was still placed in the cave where he lived today.
In Yuanjiagou, a small mountain village in northern Shaanxi where Mao Zedong wrote "Spring and Snow in the Garden", four provincial party secretaries of the Communist Party later emerged. They are: Bai Rubing, born in 1912, once served as the first secretary of the Shandong Provincial Committee; Bai Dongcai, born in 1916, once served as the first secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Committee; Bai Zhimin, born in 1918, once served as the first secretary of the Fujian Provincial Committee Party Secretary: Bai Enpei, born in 1946, currently serves as Secretary of the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee. This remote mountain village has also produced eight deputy provincial-level cadres, 28 district division-level cadres, and more than 100 county-level cadres.
Recently, a reporter from Shaanxi Daily visited this small mountain village for an interview. They wrote in the report that old man Bai Bingfan said with his fingers: "The main reasons why our village can produce talents can be summarized into four points: First, It's early to become famous. Secondly, Chairman Mao took away a group of revolutionary young people, including Bai Rubing, Bai Dongcai and Bai Zhimin. Thirdly, those who stayed behind were highly awakened and continued the revolution. The village attaches great importance to running schools. Since the Qing Dynasty, private schools have not been closed. If there is no culture, people who go out will not have great development."
Looking at Yulin from the air 1: The most unique natural scenery in Shaanxi is hidden in the village. The largest prefecture-level city in the province
Here, there is the majesty of the desert in the northwest and the beauty of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River.
4,300 years ago, the Shimao people created a high-level civilization here that no one has cracked yet;
2,000 years ago, Qin Shihuang sent Meng Tian to use this as a frontline to attack the Huns in the north;
1,600 years ago, the Huns built the ever-lasting Tongwan City here;
1,000 years ago, the Yang family resisted the southward march of the Liao Kingdom in Linzhou;
600 years ago, this place was established as one of the nine important towns. Since then, it has a new name: Yulin!
From the banks of the Yellow River to the Baiyu Mountains, from the ancient city of Yulin to the cave dwellings,
Please follow our aerial shots and appreciate the charm of Yulin together.
From now on, this platform will launch a six-episode documentary "Aerial Photography of Yulin",
Episode 1: Landscape of Yulin;
Episode 2: Cultural Sites; < /p>
Episode 3: Military Town;
Episode 4: Residential Treasures;
Episode 5: Temples and Taoist Temples;
Sixth Episode: Red Elm.
Today we launch the first episode: Landscape and Yulin.
Yulin is located in the northernmost part of Shaanxi Province, at the junction of the Loess Plateau and Mu Us Sandy Land. It is the transition zone between the Loess Plateau and the Inner Mongolia Plateau. It faces Shanxi Province across the river from the Yellow River to the east, Ningxia and Gansu to the west, and Yan'an to the south. It is the junction of the five provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Mongolia and Shanxi. It is 385 kilometers long from east to west and 263 kilometers wide from north to south, accounting for 20% of the land area of ??Shaanxi Province. It is the largest prefecture-level city in Shaanxi.
Baiyu Mountain is the highest mountain range in Yulin, known as the "Roof of Northern Shaanxi", with an average altitude of 1,600-1,800 meters. The important rivers in northern Shaanxi, Wuding River, Yanhe River and Luohe River all originate from Baiyu Mountain.
Baiyu Mountain runs east-west, stretching into Ningxia in the west and Zizhou County in the east, with a length of about 200 kilometers. During the pre-Qin period, Baiyu Mountain was once a place with lush forests and grass, and idyllic cattle and sheep.
However, with the destruction of the natural environment, Baiyu Mountain suffered serious water and soil erosion, the surface was fragmented and crisscrossed with ravines, making it once the most unsuitable area for human survival. After efforts in recent years, soil erosion in Baiyu Mountain has been controlled, and the ecological environment has been greatly improved. Especially in summer and autumn, the mountains and fields are covered with white potato flowers, yellow sunflower flowers, and pink buckwheat flowers. Rows of white wind turbines rotate in the distance, forming a harmonious and beautiful scenery.
Danxia landform is the most aesthetically pleasing natural scenery on the Loess Plateau. To appreciate the Danxia landforms in Yulin, there are mainly Mahuangliang Geopark and Jingbian Wave Valley. Mahuangliang Geopark is located 30 kilometers east of Yuyang District and is the highest point in Yuyang District. It is named because the terrain is high and ephedra grows there.
The park is a typical Loess Plateau landform with thousands of ravines and ravines crisscrossing it. Diianfang Reservoir is the core area of ??the geopark. The turquoise lake is surrounded by cascading Danxia landforms. It is known as the Maldives on the high loess slopes. It is a scenery that countless travel enthusiasts and photography enthusiasts are fascinated by.
Longzhou Danxia is located in Longzhoubao, 22 kilometers southeast of Jingbian County. It is surrounded by green mountains and surrounded by green water. It is covered by red Danxia for nearly 100 kilometers. It is a natural Danxia landform. The museum is one of the best preserved Danxia landform areas in China.
After tens of millions of years of wind and rain, highly ornamental geological relics such as Danxia Stone Walls, Danxia Stone Pillars, Danxia Fangshan, and Danxia Cave have been formed, with shocking visual effects. , known as China’s “Wave Valley”, is an excellent destination for geological research, photography adventures, and tourism.
North of the Yulin Great Wall is the Mu Us Desert. The Mu Us Desert used to have sparse vegetation and a harsh environment.
After decades of management, the area of ????the Mu Us Desert today has been greatly reduced, replaced by forests, seas and oases. Since the founding of New China, the people of Yulin have increased the forest and grass coverage rate from 1.8% in the past to 43% today through artificial afforestation and natural restoration. Therefore, it is difficult to see vast stretches of desert in this area today, replaced by lush trees.
To understand the achievements of Yulin people in desertification control, you can go to Yulin Desert National Forest Park, Jingbian Wutai Forest Park, and Dingbian Shiguangyin Desertification Control Memorial Hall to experience it on the spot.
The Yellow River is the largest river in Yulin. The Yulin section of the Yellow River flows through five cities and counties: Fugu, Shenmu, Jiaxian, Wubao, and Qingjian. This area of ??the Yellow River runs north-south and cuts deep into the Loess Plateau. The valley depths are all over 100 meters. It is called the Shanxi-Shaanxi Grand Canyon. .
The northernmost end of the Yellow River in Yulin is Qiangtou Town in the border area between Qin, Meng and Jin. It is known as "the three provinces where the cock crows are heard". The Yellow River draws a large "S Bay" at the junction of the three provinces. This bend is about 5 kilometers long and 1 kilometer wide. The locals call it "Long Bay". It is the first bay of the Yellow River entering Shaanxi and has a very high ornamental value.
On the shore of Longwan is a 10-kilometer-long Yadan landform. The rocks are red and white, geologically called arsenic sandstone. The arsenic sandstone is extremely barren. Plants growing on the arsenic sandstone are as if they have encountered highly toxic arsenic, making it almost difficult to grow. According to historical records, Emperor Kangxi once stopped here after putting down the Galdan rebellion. He was attracted by the colorful still life in front of him. When he learned that this place had no name, he named it Lotus_.
The First Bend of the Yellow River is the northern starting point of the Shaanxi Yellow River Highway. With the opening of the Yellow River Highway in recent years, tourists can drive down the river from here, passing through Yulin, Yan'an, and Weinan. , arrived at the Guanzhong Plain. Along the Yellow River Highway, you can enjoy the core scenic spots of the Yellow River Shanxi-Shaanxi Grand Canyon, which has become the No. 1 self-driving highway in Shaanxi. This road is a typical Loess Plateau ravine area.
In February 1936, Chairman Mao came to Yulin Qingjian Gaojia Plain and saw the thousands of ravines on the Loess Plateau and the Jiuqu Yellow River. He returned to his residence, Yuanjiagou Village, and wrote "Qinjiagou" Garden Spring·Snow". Today, in Gaojia_ where Chairman Mao stopped, the Northern Scenic Area has been built. You can not only enjoy the majestic, vigorous and magnificent scenery of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge, but also understand the leadership sentiments of a great man of a generation who "count the famous figures, but also look at the present".
The Yulin section of the Yellow River has many twists and turns. "Ninety-nine bays of the Yellow River in the world" describe the Yellow River Shanxi-Shaanxi Grand Canyon. Among them, Taiji Bay is one of the most ornamental bends in the Yellow River.
Taiji Bay is located in Zhaojiapan Village, 45 kilometers east of Qingjian County. It is located on one of the ninety-nine guaimaos in the Yellow River, facing Shilou County in Shanxi Province across the river. Thanks to the miraculous workmanship of nature, the Yellow River turns an almost 360-degree bend here. Looking down from a high altitude, Tai Chi Bay and Shanxi Province on the other side form a Bagua Tai Chi diagram, telling the story of the ancient Qin and Jin Dynasties.
Wuding River is a first-class tributary of the Yellow River, flowing through Dingbian, Jingbian, Mizhi, Suide and Qingjian counties in Yulin, with a total length of 491 kilometers. It is the mother river of Yulin.
The Wuding River originates from Baiyu Mountain in Dingbian County. Its upper reaches are called Hongliu River. After flowing through Jingbian Xinqiao, it is called Wuding River. The middle reaches of the Wuding River is a relatively flat area, forming an oasis. It is a rare grain-producing area in northern Shaanxi and has become a battleground for military strategists.
After the lower reaches of Wuding River received tributaries such as Yuxi River, Lu River, Dali River, and Huaining River, it entered the loess ravine area, forming many natural wonders. Yuermao in Qingjian is one of the representatives. Standing on the top of the mountain, looking down from a distance, you can see a huge stone fish lying at the bottom of the valley, with its head resting on an unstable head and its tail swinging far away from the mountains, surrounded by river valleys. It makes people marvel at the miraculous craftsmanship of nature.
Shenmu Hongjiannao, located at the junction of Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, is the largest natural lake in Shaanxi Province and the largest desert freshwater lake in China. It is known as the "Pearl of the Desert" with a water area of ??54 square meters. Kilometers, the lake shoreline is 43.7 kilometers long. The lake has sparkling water, vast waves, abundant water plants, and a pleasant environment. It integrates the grassland scenery and the scenery of Jiangnan Zeguo. It is an ideal water park for tourism and vacation.
Dingbian Salt Lake is located in the northwest of Dingbian County, bordering Yanchi County in Ningxia. There are more than a dozen salt lakes in this area and it is the only lake salt production area in Shaanxi Province. The largest salt lake among them is called Gouchi Salt Lake. The mining of Gouchi Salt Lake began in the Han Dynasty and has a history of more than 2,000 years. The raw salt produced is called "green salt" in history.
Because the lake contains a large amount of algae and different mineral components, it shows brilliant colors under the sunlight and is extremely beautiful.
Preview for the next issue: Cultural heritage sites. It is expected to be launched within a week.
Plant configuration of Yuanjiagou in Qingjian County
More than 10 kilometers north of Gaojie Village in Qingjian County, there is a place called Yuanjiagou.
Yuanjiagou has a large number of talents, including four provincial party secretaries, Bai Zhimin, Bai Rubing, Bai Dongcai and Bai Enpei, and nearly a hundred department-level cadres. Therefore, Yuanjiagou is called the "Provincial Party Secretary Village" by the locals.
Everyone in Yuanjiagou Village has the surname Bai, but why is it called Yuanjiagou? It's because there are three bowl-sized springs in Yuanjiagou Village that flow day and night, forming small rivers. Villagers have built vegetable gardens along the river and used spring water for irrigation. People in the surrounding villages enviously call it Yuanzegou. Later, the villagers felt that Yuanzegou was not elegant enough, so they took the "home" of the country and the "yuan" of the surname Yuan, and it became the current Yuanjia Gou.
In the easternmost cave dwelling of Mao Zedong’s former residence, precious photos, texts and maps are hung, recording in detail the relevant situations of the Eastern Expedition. It clearly says, "On February 5, 1936, Chairman Mao led the Central Red Army headquarters over the mountains and arrived at Yuanjiagou Village in the evening." Chairman Mao lived in the middle hole of Bai Yucai's five-hole cave dwelling. , the adjacent cave dwellings in the same row are equipped with guard rows, kitchens, confidential rooms, radio stations, etc. Opposite the ditch is the headquarters of the Red Army, where Bogu and others live. At that time, everyone in the village felt it was very mysterious. When they saw the guard standing at the door, no one dared to approach it. At that time, we didn’t know it was Mao Zedong, and only a few people saw Mao Zedong later. One was Bai Yucai, the kiln owner at the time, and the other was Bai Fayun, director of the Poor Peasants Association and village party secretary at the time.
On February 17, 1936, Mao Zedong issued the famous Eastern Expedition Declaration in Yuanjiagou: "All patriots and revolutionary benevolent people, regardless of old or new, regardless of faction, who sympathize with the resistance to Japan The imperialists and our army are willing to unite with them to carry out the great cause of national revolution." He also explained: "In order to realize the resistance against Japan, we will cross the river and march eastward." After the "Eastern Expedition Declaration" was issued, the whole village invested in shipbuilding. The work ensured the smooth progress of the Eastern Expedition.
On the night Mao Zedong arrived in Yuanjiagou Village, there was a heavy snowfall, which covered the entire road. In order to inspect the terrain of crossing the Yellow River eastward, Mao Zedong led his entourage through the snow to Gaojiawa, 15 kilometers away from Yuanjiagou and adjacent to the Yellow River, to inspect the terrain, understand the situation at the crossing, and prepare for the eastward expedition.
When Mao Zedong stood on the snow-covered Loess Plateau and saw thousands of miles of rivers and mountains blocked by ice and snow, looking into the distance and seeing vastness, he felt inspired. That night, I returned to the cave dwelling where Yuanjiagou lived, lit a candle and wrote "Qinyuan Spring Snow" with a splash of ink, showing the heroic spirit of a great man.
Today, the small square table where Mao Zedong wrote "Qinyuan Spring·Snow" is still placed in the house where he once lived. There is a blue coat on the kang, a bamboo shell thermos and two cups on the Eight Immortals table. It was under such difficult conditions that Mao Zedong wrote this magnificent poem.