It’s Su Shi
Su Shi, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, had the courtesy name Zizhan, a cousin to He Zhong, and also a cousin to Ziping (this nickname of Su Shi is rarely used, only his cousin Wen Tong) In the first poem "Yueyanzhai", there is a sentence "Ziping said that I have the same hobby, and the characteristics of Wanli Shu are strange", and at the end of the poem he notes "Ziping is Zizhan!"). There are more than 30 names of his that have some evidence to prove. Most of them are the honorific names that people gave him during his lifetime and after his death, and most of them are what he calls himself. Basically, in chronological order, here is a brief introduction to the origin and testable basis of his nickname
After the poems of "Da Su" and the father and son became famous all over the world, people often affectionately referred to them as "Da Su". Three sous”. For the convenience of distinction, Su Xun is called "Old Su", Su Shi is called "Da Su", and Su Che is called "Little Su". It is recorded in "Tiaoxi Yuyin" that "Ziyou was envoyed to Khitan and sent a poem to Dongpo saying: 'Who gathers his family in Youdu, he is always asked by passers-by to Da Su'".
"Su Zi" Su Shi has called himself "Su Zi" since he was a child. The "Ode to the Sharp Rat" written by him when he was ten years old contains the following: "Sitting in the middle of the night, if there is a mouse nibbling, just pull the bed and stop it." "; In his "Qian Chibi Fu", he also wrote: "Su Zi was stunned, sitting upright and asked the guest: 'Why is this so?'"
"Su Er", "Su Chang" "Gong" Su Shi had his eldest brother Jingxian (who died young), and his younger brother Su Che, who was second, so occasionally some friends called him "Su Er". And because Su Shi and Su Che became famous for their poems and articles, Su Shi lived as the eldest brother, so people respectfully called Su Shi "Su Changgong" and Su Zhe "Su Cigong".
Huang Tingjian (the first of the four scholars of the Su family) wrote the poem "There is no surprising sentence in the poem, but it will call the poet Su Erlai"; "Fu Zhai Man Lu" also records: "Er When Su's name merged, Dongpo was regarded as the eldest duke, and Ziyou (Su Che) was the second duke."
"Meishangong" and "Mr. Emei" Because Su Shi's hometown is in Meishan County, Sichuan Province (now a prefecture-level city), and there is the world-famous Mount Emei nearby, so people respectfully call him "Meishan". "Mr. Emei".
Wang Ruoxu's "Collection of Hunan Yi Lao" recorded that "Chao Wujiu said: 'Meishangong's shortcomings in love are the reason why he is in this state'"; Huang Tingjian's "Praise to the Portrait of Su Zizhan" "It is also written in: "Zi Fan is dignified and came from Emei."
"Su Xianliang" In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign, Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty held an imperial examination in Chongzheng Hall to select virtuous bachelors. Su Shi obtained the degree of "virtuous and upright" with his amazing talent, and the world respected him by his degree. As "Su Xianliang". Because in the Song Dynasty, students who wanted to take the "systematic examination" had to pass the Jinshi examination first, so very few people obtained this degree, so it was very respected by people.
"Su Shijun" Su Shi once served as an envoy to serve as the governor of Xuzhou and other places, so he often called himself the envoy, and people loved to call him "Su Shijun".
As he said in his poem "Huanxisha": "I wear red makeup to look at the envoy, and the gate has three, three, five and five thorns... The sun is warm and the mulberry light is like splashing, and the wind is like the smoke of mugwort, which makes the envoy look like a king." Jun Yuan is one of them."
The four nicknames "Dongpo Jushi", "Kang Fushi", "Lao Nongtian" and "Xuelang Weng" were from when Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou. Self-proclaimed. "History of the Song Dynasty." It is recorded in "The Biography of Su Shi": "As the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian An settled down, Shi and Tian Fuye Lao Xiang followed the mountain and built a house in Dongpo (name of place), calling themselves Dongpo lay people." He wrote in "Ding Feng Bo" The poem self-deprecatingly says: "I am very sorry to advise you to stop complaining, and I even ask your respect for the mad deputy envoy before you"; and in the poem "Good things are coming soon" it says, "Looking at the slope of the Xuetang, the old farmer is miserable"; after he built a house on the east slope , named the living room "Snow Hall", and then called himself "Xuelang Weng". Su Shi wrote, "I used to be a guest on the mountain, and I still write poems about the mountains..." At the end of the poem, that is The name and title of Su Shi and "Xuelang Weng" are signed at the same time.
"The Old Man with the Long Hat" Su Shi liked to wear long hats. People not only imitated them and were proud of them, but also respectfully called him "The Old Man with the Long Hat".
Yu Ji, a scholar of the Yuan Dynasty, wrote a poem after his "Dark Clouds in the Sky": "There is a long-hatted man in Lao Quemei Mountain, and the tea smoke blows lightly in the wind from the willows."
"Su Xueshi", "Su Nehan", "Su Duanming" Because Su Shi successively held the positions of Hanlin Bachelor and Duanming Palace Bachelor, the world respectfully called him the above three titles based on his positions.
For example, in "Po Xian Ji Wai Ji", it is recorded that "Dong Po is looking at his ears..."
One day I met a woman (referring to an older woman) and said to Poe: "The bachelor used to be rich and powerful, it's a dream of love!" '"; Another example is recorded in "Yiwanpaiyan": "In the past, people called General Bronze and Iron Chuoban, and sang that Su Xuesi went eastward across the Yangtze River"; "Helin Yulu" also recorded "Dongpo and Gongju, won A very strange volume. At that time, the valley also pre-edited the text and said: "Congratulations to Neihan for winning this person." "He's Yulin" also recorded: "When Su Duanming slept in his bed, he had already settled on the pillow, and it was safe and no longer stirred." "
It is recorded in "Liangxi Manzhi": "Hangzhou and Ying both have West Lakes, and Dongpo connects the two states, so I thank you.
"The West Lake Chang" Su Shi once served as The prefect of Hangzhou and Yingzhou often called himself the "Chief of the West" because both states had West Lakes, and people also respectfully called him the "Chief of the West Lake".
It is recorded in "Liangxi Manzhi": "There are West Lakes in both Hangzhou and Ying, and Dongpo connects the two states. Therefore, Xie Biao said: 'Two bans on ginseng, and two states on the glory of Beiru. , "He was always the leader of the West Lake." In Chunxizhong, Yang Wanli, the secretary supervisor, also wrote: "Dongpo was originally the leader of the West Lake, and he had to rest until he was in Luofu."
"Li Lu Weng" Yuan Fu ( In April of the third year of the reign (Era), when Su Shi was in Zhanzhou (Hainan Island), one day he went to the home of his clan master Li Ziyun and encountered rain on his way back. He borrowed a bamboo hat from a farmer and put on shoes, which surprised the local people. So the old and the young laughed with each other and watched the scholar-bureaucrats who were just like the common people with a happy heart. Su Shi was also very happy. After returning home, he painted "Praise for Lilu Weng". The locals also respectfully called him "Lilu Weng"!
"Dapo" When Su Guo, Su Shi's son, grew up, because his poems were very similar to his father's, people called Su Guo "Xiaopo" and respectfully called Su Shi "Dapo".
In "History of the Song Dynasty." It is recorded in "The Biography of Su Shi": "Guo, whose courtesy name was Shudang, who called himself Xiechuan Jushi, died at the age of fifty-two. There are twenty volumes of "Xiechuan Collection", and his "Si Zitai Fu" and "Hurricane Fu" are early When it was popular in the world, it was called "Xiaopo", and Shi was also called "Dapo"! Because Su Shi's poems were superb and extraordinary, people compared him to the poet Li Bai and respected him as an immortal.
It is recorded in the book "Wang Fangzhi's Poetry Talk": "Zizhan's articles on corruption are unique in the world, his style is noble, and he can really banish an immortal!"; it is also recorded in "Yu Yincong Talk" : "Gu Guyun said: 'Dongpo Taoist is in Huangzhou, doing divination and so on'"; "Hui Feng Ci Hua" also records: "Po Gong is transformed into an immortal, and these poems are still unheard of." Later generations also compiled There are "Po Xian Ji Wai Ji" and so on, which will not be quoted here.
"The Bald Man" and "The White-haired Brother" When Su Shi reached his old age, he had silver hair and bald head, and his beard was green, so the world respected him for his old age.
Huang Shangu wrote: "If Hanlin wants to be a true scholar, call him a bald man from Danzhou"; Su Che called him "Brother White Hair" and wrote a poem: "But May my birthday be celebrated every year, my white-haired brother."
"People from Laoquan Mountain" Su Shi respected his parents very much and missed them especially in his old age. He named himself "Lao Weng Quan" after the place where his parents were buried at the foot of Lao Weng Mountain. People from Laoquan Mountain".
In "Stone Forest Yanyu", it is recorded: "Zizhan was named Laoquanshan in his later years, so Meishan was the first to see the old man's spring."
"Yuju Weng" " "Jade Bureau" is the name of the Taoist temple. Su Shi was pardoned in his later years. In June of the first year of the reign of Jingguo, he petitioned the imperial court for in-service pension. The imperial court approved and promoted the Liudi Jade Bureau of Huayang, Chengdu. People respected him as "Yuju Weng" in honor of his reputation.
Su Che recorded in "Mr. Dongpo's Epitaph": "In the third year of Yuanfu's amnesty, he returned to the north. He was first apprenticed to Lian (zhou), then to Yong (zhou), and Lai was restored to the imperial court and served as Lang Lang. , extracted the Jade Bureau View of Chengdu, and lived according to his convenience. "
"Mr. Piling" After Su Shi returned to Piling (Changzhou), he unfortunately died of illness. At that time, Su Wen was still imprisoned, and people did not dare. He was praised publicly, so he was respectfully called "Mr. Piling" after the place where he died.
Lu You, the patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote in his postscript to Su Shi's "Book of Changes": "This book was obtained by the late emperor Xuanhe Zhong when he entered Shu! Su's studies were banned, so it is called Bi." Mr. Ling said.
"; Weng Fanggang, a later scholar, also recorded: "During the Xuanhe period, Su's writing was banned, and the scholar privately wrote: 'Mr. Piling'"
"Wenxing" After Su Shi's death, the world admired his literary talent As a person, he regarded him as the "Wenqu Star" in the sky and praised him as the "Wenqu Star".
It is recorded in "Liangxi Manzhi": "During the Xuanhe Period, Dongpo was banned. The writing is very strict. Some natives secretly carried the collection out of the city and were captured by the marauders. They were escorted by the officials. After seeing the collection, there was a poem that said: "The star of literature falls where the sky and the earth weep. This old man has died and my road is at a loss." '"
"Kui Su" and "Miaoxi Old Man" Su Shi had contacts with many talented monks and Taoists during his lifetime, so he had a great influence on Buddhism and Taoism. Therefore, after his death, Taoists worshiped He is called "Kui Su", and Buddhists worship him as "Miaoxi Old Man".
There are very few existing historical materials in this regard. There is only one magical story recorded in "Gengxi Poems": "Huizong." The emperor held a banquet in Baolu Palace and came to see it in person. One day, when the ceremony was held, the leader of the ceremony worshiped the Taoist priests and fell to the ground. It took a long time for them to rise. When asked about the reason, he replied: "It takes a long time to complete the task at the right place of God, and it takes a long time to achieve the purpose of the chapter!" ’. The superior sighed and asked, "What kind of god did Kuisu do this?" What was being played? ’ He said to him: ‘It’s hard to know what he said, but the person who stayed here was the minister Su Shi of the court. Big surprise! Not only did he relax his prohibitions, but he also wanted to play with his words and ink, and for a while the scholar-bureaucrats became popular." Although this story is not credible, it is probably a Taoist making a mystery to excuse Su Shi?
"Su Wenzhonggong" In the sixth year of Qian Dao's reign, Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, gave Su Shi the posthumous title "Wenzhong", and later generations respectfully called him "Gong Su Wenzhong".
It is recorded in the "History of Su Shi": "Gaozong. After he ascended the throne, he was given a bachelor's degree from the Zizheng Palace, and his grandson (Su) Fu was appointed as the Minister of Rites. He also placed his articles on his left and right sides, and read them all day long without getting tired. He was called the master of articles. He personally wrote the "Collection of Praises" and gave it to his great-grandson (Su) Qiao. So he was given the posthumous title Wenzhong as a gift to the Grand Master. ”