1. Which classical Chinese texts contain nicknames, honorifics, and self-titles?
Honorific titles express respect and politeness, and are also called "respectful titles." (1) The honorific titles for the emperor include Long Live, Holy Emperor, Holy Emperor, Son of Heaven, His Majesty, etc. Chai, originally refers to the emperor's chariot. The ancients believed that the emperor should travel around the world in a car, so they used "drive" to refer to the emperor. Ancient emperors believed that their political power was established by orders from heaven, so they called the emperor the Son of Heaven. In ancient times, ministers did not dare to go directly to the emperor, so they told the people under the palace (palace steps) and asked them to convey their meaning, so they called the emperor "your majesty" instead. (2) The honorific title for the crown prince and prince is Your Highness. (3) The honorific title given to the general is subordinate. (4) Honorific titles for people with a certain social status: Addressing envoys as "Your Excellency"; addressing people with certain social status as "Your Excellency" such as Sangong and County Sheriffs. Nowadays, they are mostly used in diplomatic situations, such as "Your Excellency the Ambassador". (5) Honorific titles for the other party or the other party’s relatives include Ling, Zun, Xian, etc. Ling means good, and is used to address the other party’s relatives, such as your father (the other party’s father), your father (the other party’s mother), your father’s wife (the other party’s wife), your brother (the other party’s brother), your son (the other party’s son), your love (the other party’s daughter). Zun is used to refer to people or things related to the other party, such as zunshang (called the other party's parents), zungong, zunjun, zunfu (all called the other party's father), zuntang (the other party's mother), zunqin (the other party's relative), Zunjia (addressing the other party), Zunming (the other party’s instructions), and Zunyi (the other party’s intention). Xian is used to refer to peers or juniors, such as Xianjia (referred to as the other party), Xianlang (referred to as the other party's son), and Xiandi (referred to as the other party's younger brother). Ren means love and respect, and has a wide range of applications. For example, calling a friend of the same generation who is older than oneself is a benevolent brother, calling a person with a high status a benevolent man, etc. (6) Addressing elderly people as father-in-law or father-in-law, as in "Zi Lu came here and met his father-in-law" (The Analects of Confucius). After the Tang Dynasty, father-in-law and father-in-law specifically referred to the wife's father, also known as Taishan, and the wife's mother was called mother-in-law or Taishui. (7) "Xian" is added in front of the title to indicate death. It is used to address people with high status or older people. For example, the deceased emperor is called Xiandi, the dead father is called Xiankao or Xianfu, and the deceased is called Xiankao or Xianfu. The dead mother is called Xianci or Xianci, and the talented and virtuous people who have died are called sages. Adding "太" or "大" before the title indicates the older generation. For example, the emperor's mother is called the queen mother, the grandfather is called the eldest (grandfather), and the grandmother is called the eldest (grandmother). After the Tang Dynasty, deceased emperors were often called by temple names, such as Tang Taizong, Tang Xuanzong, Song Taizu, Song Renzong, Yuan Shizu, Ming Taizu, etc.; in the Ming and Qing dynasties, emperors were also called by their reign names, such as calling Zhu Yuanzhang Emperor Hongwu. , Zhu Youjian was called Emperor Chongzhen, Xuanye was called Emperor Kangxi, and Hongli was called Emperor Qianlong. (8) Honorific titles for those who respect the elders and used among peers include Jun, Zi, Gong, Shixia, Master, Sir, Sir, etc. (9) The respectful title given by the king to his ministers is Qing or Aiqing. (10) "Sage" is used to express respect for people with noble character and superior wisdom. For example, Confucius is called a saint and Mencius is called a sub-sage. Later, "holy" was mostly used for emperors, such as sage, sage, etc.
Humility: call your family members - father and mother (the deceased are called father and mother), brother/brother/sister/sister, dog son, daughter, Zhuo Jing/Mountain Wife; call yourself - I'm here , Bucai, someone, boy, student, etc.; things to call oneself - humble, humble work, humble house/Pengpi, etc. 2. Honorific titles and modesty words in classical Chinese. Honorific words and modest words
Honorific title :
Call the other person’s family - your father-in-law (your father is called your ancestor after his death), your brother/brother/sister/sister, your son/gongzi, your beloved/daughter, your wife;
Call the other party—Jun, Gong, Your Majesty, Your Excellency, etc.;
Call the other party related things—birthday (birthday), masterpiece/huazhang (work), family ( Home), etc.
Humility:
Call your family - father, mother (those who have passed away are called father and mother), brother/brother/sister/sister, dog, daughter, Clumsy Jing/Mountain Wife;
To call oneself - my subordinate, not talented, someone, boy, student, etc.;
To call one's things - humble, humble work, humble house/peng Piper, etc.
The content of honorifics and modesty basically corresponds to each other in order. It is just an example. There are many others, for reference only. 3. Comprehensive training in classical Chinese about ancient honorifics and modesty What is the polite way to address someone?
Reference:
1. Some ancient honorifics were based on awe and servitude to power, so some honorifics are not in line with civilized usage in modern times. Lawful.
2. For example, calling one's position a "lowly position" is inconsistent with objectivity. The position is what it is. You cannot call yourself a "lowly manager" just because you are a manager. These epithets are not recommended.
3. There are also some that are self-dwarfing and devaluing. For example, calling the wife chaff, which is a waste of grains, means that the wife is vulgar and inconsistent with objectivity. These modesties are self-harm.
4. As for some respects, such as receiving guests or meeting, just use objective respect. So-and-so can be called so-and-so gentleman or so-and-so brother, etc. It’s okay to express gratitude and appreciation for help.
4. What are the honorific titles for women in classical Chinese?
Huijian, Zhuangjian, Fangjian, Shulan
Ci Jian, Ai Jian, Shuang Jian, Fang Jian and Zhi mother can be called "Ci Jian". Between husband and wife, or between men and women with close affection, you can use "Love Jian". Letters to friends and friends can be used as "Double Jian". Letters between women can be used as "Fang Jian". Outstanding people: Beautiful means beauty.
Chanjuan: means beautiful. Later used to refer to beautiful women.
Qianjin: formerly known as someone else’s daughter, it means noble.
Jiaowa: also called Jiao Niang. Refers to a beautiful girl.
Oiran: the leader of flowers. In the old days, it refers to the famous ***.
Beauty: radiant, beautiful . Refers to a beautiful woman.
Beauties: (See Nineteen Ancient Poems): "There are many beauties in Yanzhao, and the beautiful ones are as beautiful as jade." Refers to beauties.
Female son-in-law: In the old days, to other people’s daughters An honorific title, now used to address the daughters of foreigners.
Jade: used to address a beautiful woman.
Lady: refers to a gentle, kind and beautiful woman.
Courtesan: refers to a woman who is active and famous in social situations. It has a derogatory meaning.
Vase: a bottle used for flower arrangements. A metaphor for a beautiful woman as a decoration.
Jade Girl: Refers to fairies. It also refers to beautiful women. It is also used as a respectful title for other people's daughters.
Youwu: strange. Refers to beautiful women. It also refers to outstanding people or objects.
Qing'e : refers to a woman's eyebrows. It also refers to a young woman.
Wife: In the past, husbands called their wives. The origin is from the old concept, which believes that men are responsible for outside and women are responsible for internal affairs.
Hair wife: On the wedding day in ancient times, both men and women would tie their hair in a bun. From then on, men would put their hair on the top of their heads to show that they were their first wives, and call their wives "hair wives"
Angel: Originally from Judaism , Christian messengers who convey God's will, and their images are mostly children and girls with wings. Therefore, it is a metaphor for kind, chaste and lovely people. It is mostly used for women.
Angel: the transliteration of English angel. It means angel.
Nephrite Wenxiang: soft: soft; Wen: gentle. Jade, Xiang: synonymous with women. Later, it generally refers to gentle young women.
The Wife of Chaos: Once in poverty* **The wife who lived on dregs and chaff. Later, it was a modest name for his wife.
Xiaojiabiyu: Biyu: In the old days, it referred to a beautiful woman from a small family.
Twenty-eight Beauties: Two Eight: Refers to 16 years old. Refers to a young and beautiful woman.
Banlaoxuniang: Used to describe middle-aged women retaining the look of their youth.
Young girl: Miao: beautiful. Refers to a woman who is in her prime of youth.
Heroine: Heroine: Women’s headscarves and hair accessories, extended to the name of women. Refers to outstanding figures among women 5. Ancient Chinese names for you, me and him
The first person pronoun in ancient Chinese: I, Wu, me, Yu (yu), lonely, widowed. I----In the pre-Qin Dynasty, most people could call themselves "I".
The second person in ancient Chinese: female (ru), Er, Ruo, Er, Nai, Gong, Jun.
The third person in ancient Chinese: Ancient Chinese did not have real third person pronouns, but used the demonstrative pronouns he, zhi, qilai ***.
Friends are called friends in ancient Chinese: friend, friend, disciple, confidant.
Extended information:
Honorific title, also called honorific title, is a title that shows respect to the other party when talking. The words used to express honorific title are called respectful words.
By respect There are three types of parts of speech:
(1) Pronouns used directly to express honorifics, usually monosyllabic words. Commonly used ones include "Ru, Er, Zi, Er, Gong, Jun", etc. All of these can be translated as "you.
(2) Use nouns to replace words to address each other. These words are all two-syllable words. This kind of address has three forms: the general honorific is "Mr. "My son", etc.; you can also use the place where the other party is or the people under your command to represent the other party. Commonly used ones are "Your Majesty, Your Majesty, Your Excellency, Deacon, Right and Left", etc.; there are also people who address the other party respectfully by their official status, such as "King, doctor, general, "Young Master" and so on. These nouns can also be translated as "you". His Majesty is specifically called the monarch and the emperor, and it may not be translated, and the official status may not be translated.
(3) Adjectives are used to refer to the person related to the other party. Character behavior, this kind of word is usually a two-syllable word, the former is an adjective, and the latter is a noun related to the character. Common ones are:
Zun: respect the house, respect the brother, respect the driver, respect the wife
Gao: high friend, high relative, high neighbor, high opinion;
Da: great gift, great work, great honor.
Reference: Honorific title - Sogou Encyclopedia 6. How to call friends in classical Chinese
Friends who are made when they are poor and lowly in status are called "friends of the poor and humble"; friends who have a close friendship and are as close as brothers are called "friends of the Golden Orchid"; friends who share life and death, and suffer hardships Friends are called "friends who have cut each other's throats"; friends who form in times of adversity are called "friends in need"; friends who share the same feelings and have deep friendship are called "inseparable friends"; good friends of the opposite sex who grew up together are called "bamboo horses" Friends who meet as common people are called "commoner friends"; Friends with different generations and large age differences are called "Wangnianjiao"; Friends who are not restricted by status or appearance are called "Wangxingjiao"; Friends who do not depend on changes in status or status Friends who change their deep friendship are called "Chelijiao"; friends who support each other morally are called "Junzijiao"; friends who have the same mind and know each other deeply are called "Shenjiao" ("Shenjiao" also refers to admiring each other without ever meeting each other) (Friends who meet each other).
There are roughly three situations in which the ancients addressed themselves by name: (1) Calling yourself by your given name or given name. For example, "Within five steps, Xiangru will have blood splattered on his neck", "Lu". "Ling Wen Tianxiang prefaced his poems by himself".
(2) Used for introduction or biography. For example, "Sui and Lu Su both went to Sun Quan", "Liu Jingting was a native of Taizhou".
(3) Call someone you hate or despise, such as "Unfortunately, Master Lu and Meng Gou were evil in the past, and Jia Yuqing was flattering in the past."
Named by the ancients when they were young, and when they are adults (male, 20 years old, 15-year-old female) takes the word, and there is a meaningful connection between the word and the name. The name is for the convenience of others, and it is out of politeness and respect for peers or seniors.
For example, Qu Ping is called Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is called Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is called Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai is called Li Taibai, Du Fu is called Du Zimei, Han Yu is called Han Tuizhi, Liu Zongyuan is called Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu is called Ouyang Yongshu, and Sima Guang is Sima Junshi, Su Shi is Su Zizhan, Su Zhe is Su Ziyou, etc. The name is also called an alias and a table number.
The fundamental difference between a name, a character and a nickname is that the former is determined by the father or elders, while the latter is determined by oneself. A nickname is generally only used for self-proclaiming to show a certain interest or express a certain emotion; it is also a respectful title for a person.
For example: Tao Qian was known as Mr. Wuliu, Li Bai was known as Qinglian Jushi, Du Fu was known as Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi was known as Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin was known as Yuxi (Chun) Sheng, He Zhizhang was known as Siming Kuangke in his later years, Ouyang Xiu In his later years, he was also known as Liuyi Jushi, Wang Anshi was known as Banshan in his later years, Su Shi was known as Dongpo Jushi, Lu You was known as Fangweng, Wen Tianxiang was known as Wenshan, Xin Qiji was known as Jiaxuan, Li Qingzhao was known as Yi An Jushi, Yang Wanli was known as Chengzhai, and Luo Guanzhong was known as Hu. From Haisan, Guan Hanqing was named Ji Zhaisou, Wu Chengen was named Sheyangshan, Fang Bao was named Wangxi, Wu Jian was named I am from Foshan, Yuan Mei was named Suiyuan Laoren, and Liu E was named Hongdu Bailiansheng. Posthumous titles: In ancient times, the titles added to princes, generals, ministers, senior officials, and famous scribes after their death were called posthumous titles.
For example, Tao Yuanming is called Jingjie Zhenggong, Ouyang Xiu is called Ouyang Wenzhonggong, Wang Anshi is called Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is called Fan Wenzhenggong, Wang Ao is called Wang Zhongsugong, Zuo Guangdou is called Zuo Zhongyi Gong, and Shi Kefa is called Shi. Zhonglie Gong, Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhonggong. And calling the treacherous minister Qin Hui Miao Chou is an "evil posthumous title".
Calling a house by its name means calling it by its house number or room number. For example, Yang Wanli, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, lived in a house called Chengzhai, and people called him Yang Chengzhai; Yao Nai was called Mr. Yao Xibao and Xibao because his house was named Xibaoxuan.
Another example is that Pu Songling is called Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao is the owner of the ice drinking room, and Tan Sitong is called Tan Zhuangfei (the name of his restaurant is "Zhuangfei Tower"). For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Meng Haoran was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang; Zhang Jiuling was from Qujiang, so he was called Zhang Qujiang; Liu Zongyuan was from Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he was called Liu Hedong; Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty was from Linchuan, Jiangxi. Therefore, he was called Wang Linchuan; the Ming Dynasty dramatist Tang Xianzu was called Tang Linchuan (from Linchuan, Jiangxi); the Qing Dynasty scholar Gu Yanwu was from Tinglin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu, and was called Gu Tinglin; Kang Youwei was from Nanhai, Guangdong, and was called Kangnanhai; Beiyang The warlord leader Yuan Shikai was known as Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan).
In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a famous couplet full of sarcasm: "The prime minister Hefei is thin in the world, and the agricultural minister Changshu is destitute in the world." "Hefei" in the first couplet refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and "Changshu" in the second couplet means he was born in Jiangsu Weng Tongjie from Changshu.
Although Han Yu, who was called Jun Wang, was from Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), because the Han family in Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was a prominent family in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu". The world then called him Han Changli. Another example is Su Shi, who was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes jokingly called himself "Su Shi from Zhaojun" or "Su Zhaojun" because the Su family was a prominent family in Zhaojun.
The official name is such as "Sun Taolu is smart and benevolent", "Sun Taolu" is Sun Quan, because he was awarded the official position of general touolu, so he was called. "Mei Hua Ling Ji" has the sentence "Jing Lue came from the north" and "it is said that Taishi Yan used his troops to escape, and Wen Shaobao also realized the great light and the cicada escaped." "Jing Lue" is Hong Chengchou's official position, and "Tai Shi" It is the provincial title of Yan Zhenqing's official position "Prince Taishi", and "Shaobao" is the official position of Wen Tianxiang.
"A Letter to His Wife": "Sima Chunshan, I cannot imitate the Supreme Master's forgetfulness of love." "Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was the Sima of Jiangzhou.
It was quite common in ancient times to use official names as personal titles. For example, Jia Yi was called Taifu Jia; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", served as an infantry captain and was called Ruan Infantry in the world; Ji Kang once worshiped Zhongsan doctor, known as Ji Zhongsan in the world; Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was promoted to the general of Youjun, and people still call him Wang Youjun today; Wang Wei once served as Shangshu Youcheng, and was known as Wang Youcheng in the world; Du Fu once served as Zuo Shiyi, so he is called Du Shiyi , and because he served as a member of the Ministry of Inspection and Engineering, he was also called Du Gongbu; Liu Yuxi once served as a guest of the prince, and was called a guest of Liu; Liu Yong once served as a member of the Tuntian Yuanwailang, and was called Liu Tuntian; Su Shi once served as a member of the Imperial Academy of Duanming Palace Bachelor, known as Su Bachelor. The title of the title "Xun Jian Shi Kang" "Kou Laigong was the most extravagant in modern times", Kou Zhun's title was Lai Guogong, and Laigong was the provincial title.
"The Story of Meihua Ridge" "Prince Heshuo of Yu called him Sir", and Duoduo was named Prince of Yu in the Qing Dynasty. "The Biography of Liu Jingting" "When Ningnan went south, the commander-in-chief of Anhui wanted to marry Ningnan, so he paid tribute to the pavilion in the shogunate." Ningnan was the provincial name of Ningnanhou, Zuoliang Yujue's title in the late Ming Dynasty.
Another example is that Zhuge Liang once granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang, so later generations called him Marquis of Wu; He was given the title of Duke Zheng Guogong, and was called Duke Zheng of Wei in his later life; the famous general Guo Ziyi was granted the title of Duke of Fenyang County for his meritorious service in pacifying the "Anshi Rebellion", and was called Guo Fenyang in the world; the great calligrapher Chu Suiliang was granted the title of Duke of Henan Province, and was called Chu Henan in the world; the king of the Northern Song Dynasty, Anshi, was granted the title of Duke of Jing Guo. He was known as King Jing Gong in the world; Sima Guang was once awarded the title of Wen. 7. How can you address others in classical Chinese?
Because you asked this question, I also learned about it. I have excerpted and compiled other people’s answers for you. If you have any questions or are unclear, please feel free to ask
First person:
Male: I, Yu, Yu, Wu, Chen (to the king), I (self-proclaimed by the emperor), I am under, trivial, late Jin (to the seniors), Xiaosheng (to the man) woman), its (rarely seen, usually in the third person), student (to the teacher)
Female: concubine, concubine, concubine, slave family, little girl, I, concubine (to the king) )
Second person (generally, there seems to be no distinction between men and women):
Son, you, female (tongru), step, if, and, nai, you, you, etc. (plural ), Sir (to the teacher), Your Majesty (to the king), Master (to the master), Qing, Aiqing (the king to his ministers)
Third person:
Sir, Master, He, his, and other pronouns
To address yourself to others:
Father: family father, family monarch, family strictness
Mother: family mother, family kindness
Son: Quanzi, Xiaoer
Daughter: Xiaonv
What others call him:
Father: Your Majesty, Ling Yan
Mother: Lingtang, Lingci
Son: Lingzi, Linggongzi
Daughter: Lingmei, Lingai
1. Questions from people who meet for the first time The surname is your surname, and when asked about the name, it is Taifu. When he says his surname, he says, "my surname is so and so," and when he says his first name, he says his surname is so-and-so.
2. Those who have relatives and friends should be commensurate with each other by their names. It is common to call someone Mr. or brother, and call yourself brother. An old person is called Mr. Lao, and he calls himself a later scholar, or he calls himself a self-named person.
3. Address a person’s father as your father, and your mother as your father. When you address others as your parents, you call them family strict, and you call them family loving. When meeting a friend's father, he calls him uncle, his mother calls her aunt, and she calls herself late or nephew.
4. The ancestor of a person is called Lingzu Gong, and the grandmother is called Mrs. Lingzu. When people call themselves ancestors, they call them family ancestors. Grandmother is called the grandmother of the family. When meeting people's grandparents, they call them great uncle or great aunt. Just call yourself by your own name.
5. When calling a person’s brother, he is called your brother, and your brother is your brother. To call yourself a brother to others is to say that the brother of the family is the younger brother. When calling a person's sister, she is called your sister, your sister. When she calls herself sister to others, she calls her sister-in-law and sister-in-law. When you meet someone's brother, call him Mr. Ji, or Jixiong, call yourself little brother. When meeting people's sisters, they are collectively called sisters, and they call themselves little brothers. (The book title is called "Servant")
6. When addressing someone's wife, they say "Ling Zheng" or "Zun Madam"; when addressing others, they call their own wife "Zhou Jing" or "Jian Nei". When you meet someone's wife, you call her your sister-in-law and call her your own name. (A woman can call herself sister)
7. A woman calls her husband a certain gentleman in the house, and calls her husband a wife to others. When meeting someone's husband, it is better to avoid addressing someone by calling him Mr. If necessary, just address him as himself.
8. When addressing a person’s son, he calls him son or young master, and when calling a woman’s daughter, she calls her your love, or female master. He calls his son Xiao'er and his daughter Xiaonv. When you see the son of a man, you call him brother, he calls himself younger brother, he calls his daughter sister, you don’t call yourself brother.
9. When calling someone’s grandson or granddaughter, they are called his grandson and his daughter-in-law. When he calls his grandson and his daughter-in-law to others, he calls him Xiaosun, and he calls him little daughter-in-law. When you see someone's grandson and daughter-in-law, you call them son or miss.
10. When addressing a person or a deceased elder, add the character "Xian". For example, when addressing a person as his/her parents, one would say that one should first respect one's wife; if one refers to oneself as one's parents, one would say that one should be strict before being kind, and so on. There is no need to add another word when addressing a person's deceased subordinate, just "my former brother" is enough. When calling someone's late descendant, it is okay to add the word "dead" or "my former brother".
11. Call someone’s uncle-in-law and aunt, and say your uncle-in-law and your aunt.
To others, she calls herself aunt-in-law, aunt-in-law. When meeting people's uncles and aunts, they call them old sir and old lady; those who have good friendships can call them old uncle and old aunt.
12. Addressing someone’s uncle or aunt is called your mother’s uncle or your aunt. Addressing others as uncle and aunt, they are called mother-in-law, uncle, and aunt. When you meet someone's uncle and aunt, call them imitation Qian.
13. Addressing someone’s father-in-law and mother-in-law is called Ling Yue Ling’s mother-in-law. When addressing people as parents-in-law, they call them mother-in-law. When you meet someone's parents-in-law, they will be called as before.
14. Calling a person's nephew is called his nephew. When calling someone's nephew, he is called Ling's nephew. When someone calls his son-in-law, he calls him his son-in-law. When calling yourself nephew, nephew, or son-in-law, I call you my nephew, my nephew, and my son-in-law.
15. When addressing people’s relatives and friends, they call them “relatives” and “noble friends”. To address one's relatives and friends to others is to say that one is giving up one's relatives and friends.
16. A person who is called a teacher is called a Lingshi, and a student is called a Linggaozu. When he calls himself his teacher to others, he calls him his master. He calls himself a poor disciple. He calls himself master, Master or my master. He calls himself a disciple, or a disciple.
17. When addressing someone as an officer, you say you are the chief (academy, department, department, bureau, etc.). When someone is called a subordinate, they are called noble subordinates or noble subordinates. When addressing others, you can address yourself as an officer, as I am a certain chief, as a subordinate, as a colleague, as a colleague, or as a subordinate, and you can also call me a certain surname or position.
18. When you call someone your master, you say you are noble; when you call someone your servant, you say respect. When you address someone as your master, you say "My Lord"; when you address yourself as a servant, you say "Little Price".
(P.S.)
1. The matter of address is very complicated. It is customary in various places, and the names for direct meeting are especially different, so it is difficult to record them. This section only records those commonly used in external communications.
2. Among relatives, the names are very subtle, and every wrong word will cause laughter. This edition is compiled for general use, so it is not reproduced in detail. 8. What classical language did the ancients use to honor a talented man
junzi
lord
公
jun
In modern times, husbands have also called "husband" as sir. This has original meanings, extended meanings, and false meanings. There are specific ones and there are general ones. In terms of its original meaning, the ancient two meanings of "father and brother" and "Taoist" are no longer used much. And its most basic meaning seems to be "teacher". Download the "Mr." section of "Cihai": ""Book of Rites: Qu Li Shang": 'Follow Mr. Yu and don't cross the road and talk to others.' It is also extended to be a respectful title for older and virtuous people. Sometimes, it is also generally used as "A respectful title for a person." It can be seen that this title, in addition to referring to certain specific identities, such as husband and other objects, also implies factors such as occupation and age. In other words, the so-called gentleman mainly refers to a person who has a certain amount of knowledge and is relatively young. Use "Mr." to refer to your husband, which is elegant and has the meaning of admiration and respect. In particular, the dignity of men can be seen. It is still widely used among overseas Chinese and in Hong Kong and Taiwan.