Gao Shi (700-765), Han nationality. Frontier poets in Tang Dynasty. The word Dafu and Zhongwu was born in Cangzhou (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province) and lived in Song Dynasty (now Shangqiu, Henan Province). I am lonely and poor, I love to make friends, I have the style of a ranger, and I have made contributions to my career. In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), he was recommended by Zhang Jiugao, the prefect of Suiyang, and was named Qiu Wei. In the eleventh year, he went to Chang 'an again because he couldn't bear to "lash Li Shu" and didn't want to "welcome officials". The following year, he entered the door of Ge Shuhan, the envoy of Longyou and Hexi, and served as the secretary in charge. After the Anshi Rebellion, he successively served as the envoy of Huainan, Pengzhou, Zhou Shu and Jiannan, and was appointed as the official of Bohai County. The world calls it "high feldspar". There is a collection of Gaochang Stones handed down from generation to generation. In the first year of Yongtai (765), he died at the age of 65, and was given the title of history of the Ministry of Rites, posthumous title. Gao Shi was a famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty, and was also called "Gao Cen" with Cen Can. The brushwork is vigorous and vigorous, full of the unique spirit of the times in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In his early years, he traveled to Chang 'an, and later to Jimen and Lulong, seeking ways to enter the body, all of which failed. Gaoshi
Gao Shi is the leader of the frontier poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and "vigorous and solemn" is the remarkable feature of his frontier poetry. His poems are quality-oriented, magnificent and simple. Gao Shi is lonely and has the spirit of a ranger. He once roamed the Liang and Song Dynasties and devoted himself to self-sufficiency, plus my generous and upright choice of Cen Can's Gao Shi's poems.
Personality, so poetry embodies a broader level and a profound theme. Gao Shi's psychological structure is extensive, and his personality is straightforward, so his poems often express his mind directly, or talk to each other, and rarely use metaphors. For example, "Ge Yanxing" points out the national disaster at the beginning, highlighting the tense atmosphere: "The northeastern border of China is dark and filled with smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric aggressors, our generals left their homes"; Finally, he said, "I heard about the battle in the desert today, but it's Li Ye!" There are both ardent expectations and deep sighs, which are implicit and powerful. Gao Shi's poems focus on people rather than natural landscapes, so he seldom writes about landscapes, and often writes about landscapes when he is lyrical, so this scene bears the poet's personal subjective imprint. "Song of Yan" describes the bleak scene with "autumn is exhausted in the dust and sand, the grass is withered, and the sun is setting on the lonely wall", and contrasts it with the desert, hay, lonely city and sunset, forming a picture full of subjective feelings, which makes the heroic and tragic battle of the soldiers more intense. Gao Shi uses simple words in his language style without carving. For example, there is a sentence in "Two Poems of Tang Dong": "Huang Yun, thousands of miles away, shines in the daytime, and the north wind blows geese and snow. Mochow doesn't know the way ahead, and the whole world doesn't know you? " Technically, it seems that there is no effort, and the words are from the heart without deliberate modification.
Edit the main works of this paragraph
Gao Shi's life and creation can be divided into four periods: ① twenty years ago, he was trapped in the middle of Song Dynasty because he failed to find a job, which was the beginning of poetry creation; (2) From the 20th year of Kaiyuan to the 8th year of Tianbao, the first time he left the fortress, idled around and accomplished nothing, which was the heyday of his creation; (3) From eight to fourteen years in Tianbao, you can continue to play your creativity by standing aside and joining the army; (4) After Yuan Zai (756), he was proud of his official career. Although he also wrote some excellent works, on the whole, it is not as good as the first three issues. Poems with high theme classification have a wide range of themes, rich content and strong reality. There are mainly the following categories: ① Frontier poems have the highest achievements. His representative works include Ge Yanxing, Five Poems on Jimen, Cezanne, Xia Sai Qu, Ji Zhongzuo and Nine Songs, which praised the soldiers' lofty sentiments of bravely serving the country and making contributions, wrote down their hard life in the army and their beautiful desire for peace, and exposed the arrogance and extravagance of frontier generals, their insensitivity to foot soldiers and the unclear rewards and punishments of the court. Gao Shi's works praising unjust wars and discriminating against ethnic minorities, such as Li Yunnan's Poems for Young Adults, are the dross of this kind of poetry. (2) Poetry reflecting the sufferings of people's livelihood. These poems profoundly reveal the contradiction between the rulers and the broad masses of the people, such as Thirteen Yellow Rivers in Qi Qi (9) and Floods in Dongping and Lu Yu. It truly describes the heavy burden of taxes, corvees and natural disasters of farmers and expresses sympathy for their suffering. He also wrote some poems praising "good officials" and advocated frivolous (3) satirizing poems from the idea of "benevolent government". Generally speaking, it refers to abusing politics and criticizing the rulers' arrogance and extravagance, such as "Ancient Songs" and "It's hard to walk through their two poems". There are also some poems that show anxiety and indignation about the political situation after the Anshi Rebellion, such as "Rewarding Mr. Pei with Poems instead of Books" and "Two Poems by Baizhang Peak". ④ There are the most poems chanting for the bosom, and the ideological content is more complicated. If you don't send Guo Shaofu Wei, Xiao Gu to Tweety, Zuo, etc. for the three certificates of joining the army and rewarding Xue. This expresses their dissatisfaction with reality. For example, "Fu Dehuan Yin Shan sends his thoughts to a kind person" and "Every day sends his addendum to Toure", or expresses friendship and other wishes, or yearns for seclusion, which is sincere and quite infectious. There are also some works in this kind of poems that envy fame and fortune and flatter powerful people, which is not desirable. In addition, there are some poems about history, such as Ten Poems of the Song Dynasty, and some poems describing the scenery of the journey, such as "Three Leads of the Qingyi Army" and "A Trip to Pengzhou Mountain", which are also quite good. Gao Shi's poems were already famous at that time. "The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, The Biography of Gao Shi" said that he was "arrogant. Every article has it, and good people need to spread it. " Yin Kun's He Yue Ling Ying also praised him as "full of confidence and courage, so both the government and the public like his works". Wang Shizhen pointed out that Gao Shi's style is "solemn and stirring" (poetry follows the classroom). The basic characteristics of Gao Shi's poetic style are deep feelings, calm spirit, straightforward language and bold brushwork. In terms of poetic style, Gao Shi's ancient style is superior to modern poetry, especially the seven verses of ancient style. The music is long, the waves are wide, and the voice is frustrated. The most important thing is to be strong, be strong. Five simple and straightforward, close to the taste of ancient poems in Han and Wei dynasties. In the near body, the seven methods and seven stunts are superior. Gao Shi's Works is a collection of poems edited by Zhang Jiugao and prefaced by Yan Zhenqing about seven years ago. The old and new Tang Shu recorded 20 volumes of his collected works, which did not exist. Today, there is a copy of Gaochang Historical Records, which is collected by Sikuquanshu. There are 8 books of poetry and 2 articles. There are also 8 volumes of photocopied movable type books in the four series. In addition, Zhang Xunye, Xu Zichang and other versions are two volumes. Gao shiji, unified series of Ming and Qing dynasties, 1. There are still some lost articles in Dunhuang Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty and Gao Shi's poems. Annotations include Liu Kaiyang's Annotation on Chronology of Gao Shi's Poems and Sun Qinshan's Annotation on Gao Shi's Collection, both of which are accompanied by chronologies. The works about Gao Shi's life include Poems about Gao Shi's Life, Textual Research on Peng Lan's Chronology of Gao Shi, Chronology of Gao Shi at the Beginning of Zhou Xun, and Several Issues in Fu Xuancong's Chronology of Gao Shi's Poets in Tang Dynasty.
Appreciation of some works edited in this paragraph
Two Poems of Bie Dong Da Bie Dong Da (I) Huang Yun Daylight,
The north wind blows goose feathers and heavy snow one after another. Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and everyone in the world doesn't know you! Are the two (second) songs of Dongda University all high-quality six purlins, and they are all self-pitying? It has been more than ten years since they left Luo Jing. Don't worry about the road ahead, don't know the king of the world? [Note] 1. Dong Da: Dong, a famous pianist in Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty. Ranked first among brothers, so it is called "Dong Da". 2. Wei: The sun is dark. Jun: It means Dongda University. 4. Birds' wings. 5. Yao, fluttering. [Analysis] This is a farewell poem, and the object of farewell is the famous pianist Dong. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Hu music was popular, and few people could enjoy such ancient music as the lyre. Cui Jue has a poem: "Seven strings are cold and five tones, and this skill of knowing friends has been difficult since ancient times. Only Fang Zilu (Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty) in Henan Province has always pitied Dong Lanting. " At this time, Gao Shi was also very frustrated, often wandering around and in a bad situation. However, in this farewell poem, his cheerful attitude and heroic style make his farewell speech passionate and inspiring. The first two sentences, "Thousands of miles away in Huang Yun, the white sky is shining, and the north wind is blowing goose feathers and snow one after another", describe the scene at that time in simple terms: the north wind roared, the yellow sand and Li Qian covered the sky, the clouds everywhere seemed to turn yellow, and the bright sunshine was indifferent at the moment, just like the afterglow of the sunset. It was snowing heavily, and the geese flew south neatly. In this bleak and magnificent environment, the poet bid farewell to the musician who was stunted but unappreciated. The last two sentences, "Mochow has a vast road ahead, and everyone in the world doesn't know you", are comforting friends: you won't worry about meeting your bosom friends when you visit here. Everyone in the world doesn't know you, Dong! How loud and powerful the words are, full of confidence and strength in comfort, inspiring friends to struggle and struggle. In the farewell poems of the Tang Dynasty, those sad and touching works are certainly touching, but another kind of generous and sad poem from the heart, with its sincere friendship and firm belief, painted another heroic and bodybuilding color for the willow color of Baqiao Bridge and the wind and rain of Weicheng City. Gao Shi's Don't Move Big is a masterpiece of the latter style. A masterpiece of frontier poems, a poem and a painting.
As for Dongda University, all the annotations think that he may be a famous pianist in the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty, and he is a "but how can fame and fortune be a genius?" Musician. When Gao Shi wrote this poem, it should be in the period of unsatisfied idleness. No.2 of his "Don't Move Big" said: "Six ao went wandering mercilessly, and one left Luo Jing for more than ten years. My husband's poverty should not be enough. I have no money to buy wine today. " It can be seen that he was still in a "poor" situation of "no money to drink". This farewell work when I was dissatisfied in the early days can't help but "borrow someone else's cup and pour my own foundation." But the poet hopes to give people a feeling of self-confidence and strength in comfort. In the first two sentences, write the current scenery directly and draw it with pure lines. With its inner truth, write the mood of parting, so it can be profound; Only with a broad mind can we tell the scenery in front of us and be solemn and stirring. "Yi", that is, refers to the dim scenery at sunset. Huang Yun in the sunset, the vast wilderness, only the northern winter has this kind of scene. This kind of situation, if slightly carved, will inevitably hurt the spirit. Height suits this. It's dusk and it's snowing heavily. In the north wind blowing wildly, only geese and Leng Yun appeared in the distance, which made it hard to stop the feeling of cold and wandering. Being reduced to this level by talent makes people cry, and that's the only way. Friends can't be content with the status quo. The first two sentences, by telling the scenery, can see the inner stagnation. Although it has nothing to do with people, it has made people feel like they are in the snow, as if there are strong men whistling on the top of the mountain. If you don't do your best here, you can't see the wonderful turning point below, and you can't see the smoothness, good intentions, deep friendship and other meaning's sadness in the following words. The last two sentences are full of confidence and strength in comfort. Because he is a bosom friend, he speaks simply and generously. Because of its decline, it takes hope as comfort. The reason why this poem is outstanding is that Gao Shi "has a thousand words in his heart, but also has a noble spirit" (Yin Kun's Heroes of He Yue) and "exalts himself with temperament" (Chronology of Tang Poetry), so it can add color to people with lofty ideals and wipe tears for wanderers! If it weren't for the poet's inner depression, how could he make his parting words so considerate and firm? How can we make this unpretentious language cast such beautiful, mellow and moving poems! It is my job to seal the mountain head for the sake of sealing the mountain head. My life is very long. At first glance, you can sing wildly in the grass, but you'd better be an official. Just say that the town is idle and the public is crowded. It's sad to see the CEO and lash out at Li Shu. Sad to go home and ask his wife, the family laughed happily. The cause of the trouble should be a field in Nanmu, and the situation in the world will be ruined. Gaoshi calligraphy vertical axis
Dreaming that the old mountain is safe, I will return late for the topic. Knowing that Belle was his disciple, he remembered Tao Qian's return. Gao Shi idled and fell asleep in his early years until Tianbao was eight years old (749). When he was nearly fifty years old, he was recommended by Zhang Jiugao, the secretariat of Songzhou. After the first place, he was just a small official of Fengqiu county commandant, and he was disappointed. This poem, written on the occasion of Qiu Feng's appointment, is a heartfelt speech of the poet, revealing the contradiction between the poet's ideal and reality and his desire to retire after becoming an official. The first four sentences are sonorous and agitation, which are the repressed feelings of generate. The county commandant is just a humble post of "following the nine products", and the overseer is nothing more than an errand to catch thieves and detect traitors. How can a man with extraordinary ambition be a humble little official? He can't help but miss the free life in Zhu Meng (the ancient name is lost, so the address is in the northeast of Shangqiu County, Henan Province, referring to Liang and Song areas). "Looking at it" and "looking at it rather" are relative, highlighting the disillusionment, regret and anger of the poet. Without complicated description, the image of a poet full of worries and indignation suddenly stands in front of readers. The next four sentences of "a few words", followed by "it is better to be an official under the dust", expressed and exerted, and the feelings deepened and the tone was low. The poet has always cherished the ambition of a swan: "Looking up at the monarch's door, you can get an official with just one finger." ("Wei does not join the army") went to Fengqiu to be a county magistrate, but had to bend down to lower his ambition. At first, I only thought that the small officials in the city were idle, but I didn't know that once I entered the public gate, I would fall into a trap. All kinds of boring businesses have stipulated articles of association and deadlines, which bound people not to be free. What is even more unbearable is the embarrassment of "greeting the Chief Executive" and "flogging Li Shu", which is a great humiliation for Gao Shi. How can he be "heartbroken" and "sad" These two poems show the poet's integrity and integrity, and also reflect the decadent and dark politics at that time, with neat confrontation and intense emotions. Sadness and anger are hard to suppress. Go home and tell your loved ones. Unexpectedly, my wife and children didn't take it seriously, but blamed themselves for what was worth making a fuss about. Isn't it even sadder that your seriousness has turned into a joke? The family's "laughter" reflects the poet's pedantry and truth, and his ignorance of the world. In this case, I had to dislike this micro-official, so I answered at the beginning: "It will cost a lot of money to make trouble." Let's abandon this world and retire to work! However, I still miss home and can't go back: the old mountain haunted in my dream can't be seen; I was ordered to be an official, but I couldn't hand it in at the moment. What can a small county marshal do without a wise monarch in power? Wei Meifu of Nanchang in Han Dynasty devoted himself to writing many letters, but the result was still in vain. He thought about it, but he remembered Tao Qian, and he happily wrote Return. Yin Kun commented on Gao Shi's poems in He Yueling's Photos: "There are many words in the chest, but there are also strong bones". In other words, this poem is sincere, full of momentum and tall and straight. This poem can embody this feature very well. The whole poem uses simple, natural and unpretentious language, closely following the contradiction between post-official ideal and reality. Satisfactory, it is the power of this poem that touched the readers. There are four paragraphs in the whole poem, and being an official is the whole idea. In the first four sentences, I put pen to paper from a height, revealed my true colors, and explained why I couldn't be an official. My indignation was beyond words. The second paragraph sets out from the objective reality to state the way to be an official, which forms a strong contrast with the first paragraph and turns feelings into deep depression. The third paragraph expands the content of the second paragraph, shows the desire to get rid of this unbearable situation, and puts forward the desire to abandon the official and retire. In the fourth paragraph, the meaning of the third paragraph is sharply closed. I am more eager to retire because I can't get rid of the objective difficulties of being an official for the time being. High-quality comic book collection (full set of 9 volumes)
Pay attention to the first paragraph The structure is neat and ups and downs, and the feelings are ups and downs. Syntactically, one or two of the four sentences in each paragraph are scattered lines, and three or four sentences are dual sentences. So interactive, warp and weft writing, both smooth and dignified; Four links, resulting in repeated cycles of melody. In couplets, not only the literal antithesis is neat, but also a word, a meaning or a thing does not repeat the meaning of crossing hands, which is the refinement of neat arrangement; What's more, because function words and poems are connected, the language is vivid and natural, and they become a good flowing pair. When you read it, you will feel that the momentum is flowing and there is no stagnation. Every paragraph of the whole poem has rhyme, which is in turn: weak horse rhyme, flat rhyme, weak paper rhyme and flat gray rhyme. This tone is flat, cadence and distinct. With the change of poetry emotion, the rhyme rises and falls, which increases the aesthetic feeling of tone.