1 is a traditional Chinese character.
Traditional Chinese characters are the symmetry of simplified Chinese characters, which are called orthographic Chinese characters in Taiwan Province Province of China and some overseas Chinese. It is the standard writing method of Chinese characters since ancient times.
2. Traditional Chinese characters contain cultural meanings.
3. Generally, strokes are rich, and brush calligraphy uses traditional Chinese characters to express the richness of fonts.
First, traditional Chinese characters
Traditional Chinese characters, that is, the writing system of Chinese characters produced after the evolution of Xiao Zhuan into official script (followed by regular script, running script, cursive script, etc.). ), which has a history of more than 2000 years, has been a common Chinese writing standard for Chinese people all over the world until the 20th century. Since the 1950' s, the people of China and the government of China have simplified the traditional Chinese characters and formed a new Chinese writing standard, namely simplified Chinese. Simplified Chinese is mainly composed of inherited characters and simplified characters introduced by China people and China government after 1950. At present, simplified Chinese is mainly used in Chinese mainland and Southeast Asia (such as Malaysia and Singapore), while traditional Chinese is mainly used in Taiwan Province Province, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
The word "traditional Chinese characters" is only used when a word has simplified Chinese characters. If a Chinese character has no corresponding simplified character, it belongs to the category of inherited characters. However, in some cases, the fonts popular in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are generally called "traditional Chinese characters" or "traditional Chinese characters"; Chinese characters (including simplified characters and non-simplified inherited characters) are generally called "simplified characters" or "simplified characters", but in fact, the difference between this system and the Chinese characters used in Taiwan Province Province, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region is not only the difference between simplified characters and traditional characters themselves, but also the difference between different variants and glyphs, so the strokes of "simplified characters" are not necessarily less; Some strokes are more than the former, such as "Qiang". Influenced by writing habits, some Chinese characters in Taiwan Province Province have been merged, but the replaced characters can still be used as variant characters, only a certain term of the word has been replaced.
In the history of China, from ancient times to the Western Han Dynasty, there were significant differences between official standard fonts and modern traditional Chinese characters. It was not until the official script prevailing in the Eastern Han Dynasty appeared in the Qin Dynasty that it was closer to the modern traditional Chinese characters. Compared with all kinds of simplified characters used spontaneously by the people, the standardized Chinese characters promulgated by the court through compiling the "character book" have official authority. However, seal script is still used in the imperial seals and official seals at all levels used in various dynasties after Qin Dynasty. Chinese mainland began to formulate and implement simplified characters in 1956. Since then, simplified characters have become the standard Chinese characters in Chinese mainland. Traditional Chinese characters are traditional Chinese characters relative to simplified Chinese characters.
1In August, 935, the Ministry of Education of the National Government published the first list of simplified Chinese characters, which included 324 popular folk characters, ancient Chinese characters and cursive characters. However, due to disputes, the first list of simplified characters was withdrawn in February of the following year. The two interpretations of the First Simplified Word List are as follows: "1. Simplified characters are simplified strokes, which are easy to identify and write. Different from conventional Chinese characters, simplified Chinese characters can replace traditional Chinese characters. 2. The simplified characters listed in this table include commonly used characters, ancient Chinese characters and cursive scripts. " [2]?
The simplified characters introduced by the National Government in those years are now in use. Simplified Chinese characters are the names used in simplified Chinese character tables in the early years of the Republic of China, which have great influence. However, the official appellation of China people has always been simplified characters, including simplified word lists and existing dictionaries. China folks generally call simplified characters simplified characters, mainly because simplified characters at first glance are the simplification of font image. In fact, there are mainly two kinds of simplification of Chinese characters: one is "Jane", which is mostly evolved from folk characters, ancient characters and cursive scripts; The second is to replace it with homophones or homophones, such as "Hou" and "Hou" of "Huang", which were originally two words, but in order to omit strokes, "Hou" with fewer strokes was used instead.
Official script is the simplification of official script, cursive script and running script are the simplification of official script, and simplified characters are the simplification of regular script. However, in the long-term historical development process, it is not the general trend for Chinese characters to simplify from complexity. Official script is not the simplification of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and regular script is not the simplification of official script. In order to record the language more clearly, people share the recording function of words with more glyphs, resulting in a large number of differentiated words. Simplified characters in regular script appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (4th-6th century), and gradually increased after the Tang and Song Dynasties. Generally speaking, they are commonly used words with more strokes, and most of these words are simplified by cursive and running scripts. In addition, there is a simplified word, which replaces complex parts with two or three simple symbols. Such as tree, drama, difficulty, music, opposition, view, Liu, Qi, Qiao, Feng, District, Ying, Xing, Convergence, Interpretation, Luo and Lao. These are popular folk characters. The simplified characters used now are further improved on the basis of the commonly used characters, ancient Chinese characters and cursive scripts in the previous generation. Many characters are merged into another word when simplified, which are divided into three categories:
One is to replace complex words with existing simple words, such as "Hou" (Empress, Emperor and Heaven) instead of "Hou" (Back), and "Li" (such as hometown, kilometers and milestones) instead of "Li" (such as Inner).
The second is to replace two or more words with a new simplified word, such as "calendar" and "calendar" (history) merged into "calendar".
Third, partial merger, that is, loading part of the meaning of one word onto another word with simple strokes, still retaining other meanings of the word, such as: excuses, relying on "borrowing" to simplify it into "borrowing", and comforting and messy borrowings are still used; In order to read Li O (understanding), it is simply called "music", and reading Li O (looking out) is simply called "music". Gan Kun and Gan Long's "Gan" is pronounced as "qián", not simplified as "Gan"; The "sign" of the feather sign of the suprauterine horn is not simplified as "sign" when reading zhǐ (stop).
The simplification of Chinese characters in modern times can be traced back to the publication of 1909 (the year of Xuantongyuan in Qing Dynasty), which advocated vulgar characters. Lu Feikui published an article "Common Words in General Education" in the inaugural issue. 1 920 February1day, Qian published "Suggestions on Reducing the Stroke of Chinese Characters" in New Youth. 1922, Qian et al. put forward eight principles of simplifying Chinese characters.
2 1 In August, 0935, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China promulgated the first batch of simplified word lists. Received 324 words.
1February, 936, the first list of simplified characters was ordered to be suspended.
1956 65438+1On October 28th, People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and the State Council approved the simplified Chinese characters scheme. The popular simplified characters (simplified characters) are basically based on this. There are 2,235 simplified characters temporarily recognized by the people of China and the government of China.
Chinese characters are one of the oldest writing systems in the world. The sacred script of ancient Egypt and the cuneiform script of Sumerians in the two river basins have been lost, and Chinese characters are still in use. And Chinese characters are the most populous characters in the world at present.
At the same time, Chinese characters are aesthetic objects. In the development of thousands of years, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, seal script, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script and other fonts have been produced one after another, and the art of calligraphy, seal cutting and word interpretation has been developed, which has promoted the development of Chinese painting art and made people enjoy great aesthetic and spiritual enjoyment, thus leaving an aesthetic image in people's hearts.
Traditional Chinese is used in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, Taiwan Province Province, Japan and Korea.
Wild ",such two simplified characters have been abolished, but there are no simplified characters in Taiwan Province Province, Hongkong and Macau.
Second, some beautiful traditional Chinese characters.