Cao Cao served as the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty and later named Wang Wei, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Cao Wei. After his death, posthumous title became King Wu. After his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was honored as Emperor Wu, with the temple name Mao.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In the name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cao conquered all directions, wiped out the separatist forces such as Er Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao, Ma Chao and Han Sui at home, surrendered the southern Xiongnu, Wu Huan and Xianbei abroad, and unified northern China.
And implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, expand land reclamation, build water conservancy projects, reward farmers and admire mulberry, attach importance to handicrafts, resettle refugees, and implement "rent modulation", thus making the Central Plains society gradually stable and the economy turn around.
Under Cao Cao's rule, the politics of the Yellow River valley gradually became clear, the economy gradually recovered, the class oppression was slightly alleviated, and the social atmosphere improved. Some measures taken by Cao Cao in the name of Han have positive effects.
Cao Cao is proficient in the art of war militarily and attaches importance to talents and talents. Therefore, he took a fancy to his potential molecules at all costs. He is good at writing poems in life, expressing his political ambitions and reflecting the tragic life of the people in the late Han Dynasty, with great boldness of vision, generosity and sadness; Prose is also neat, which opens and prospers Jian 'an literature and leaves precious spiritual wealth to future generations. Lu Xun rated him as "the founder of reforming articles". At the same time, Cao Cao is also good at calligraphy, and Zhang Huaiguan in the Tang Dynasty rated Cao Cao's Cao Zhang as a "wonderful work" in "The Story".
Extended data:
Cao Cao's literary achievements are mainly reflected in today's poems and essays. There are more than twenty poems by Cao Cao, all of which are Yuefu poems. The content can be roughly divided into three categories. One is related to current affairs, the other is mainly to express ideals, and the other is poetry about immortals.
His works related to current affairs include Lu Luxing, Good Li Xing, Bitter Cold Travel, Walking Out of Xiamen, etc. , expressed their political ambitions, reflected the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han dynasty, magnificent, generous and sad. Two songs, Autumn Journey and Good, were written in the early years of Jian 'an. The foregoing reflects that He Jinmou murdered eunuchs, and Dong Zhuo went to Luoyang for insurrection. The second article is about the states and counties in Kanto, each with its own ambitions, fighting with each other, and keeping pace with each other in content.
Poetry writes this historical process in concise language, so it is known as "a true record of the late Han Dynasty, an authentic work of poetry history". A Journey to Bitter Cold was written in the 11th year of Jian 'an. The poem describes the coldness, desolation and precipitousness of Taihang Mountain in winter, with vivid images, and also writes the poet's inner complex feelings. "Out of Xiamen" was written in the twelfth year of Jian 'an, and the five rings levied three counties. This poem includes "Yan" (prelude) and four explanations. Yan concentrated on the poet's complex mood when he went to war.
Explain "Watching the Sea" and write the impressions when marching through Jieshi; Second, explain Winter in October. Third, write about what you saw and heard on your way home. Fourth, explain "although the tortoise lives long" and write about the ideological activities after winning this important battle. The poems that mainly express ideals are Du Guan Shan, Duijiu, and Short Song. The first two articles are about political ideals.
His vision of peace and prosperity is the politics of virtuous monarch and good minister, which combines Confucianism and law with kindness and prestige. This is undoubtedly of progressive significance under the realistic background of social destruction in the late Han Dynasty. The theme of "Short Song" is to be thirsty for talents. With poems such as "the mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, the duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to the heart", he expressed his desire to seek talents and recruit talents to achieve his great cause.
In artistic style, Cao Cao's poems are unpretentious and unpretentious. They won with deep affection and charm. Poetically, it is characterized by generosity and sadness. Generosity and sadness, originally the keynote of Jian 'an literature, are the most typical and prominent in Cao Cao's poems. In terms of poetic genre, Cao Cao's Yuefu poems did not copy the rules of Han Yuefu, but developed. For example, Lu Luxing and Good Li Xing are both elegies in Han Yuefu, but he uses old topics to express new contents. Cao Cao initiated the tradition of writing current affairs with Yuefu, which had far-reaching influence.
Cao Cao's achievements in literature are also reflected in his constructive role in Jian 'an literature (see Seven Children of Jian 'an). Jian 'an literature can flourish under the background of long-term war and social fragmentation, which is inseparable from his attention and promotion. When discussing the reasons for the prosperity of Jian 'an literature, Liu Xie once pointed out that "Wu Weizun loves poetry and elegance".
In fact, the main writers in Jian 'an period were closely related to him. Cao Pi and Cao Zhi are his sons, and the "seven sons" and Cai Yan are also sheltered by him. It can be said that "Ye Group" was formed on the basis of the material conditions he provided; And their creation is also under the influence of his advocacy.
In addition, Cao Cao has many other articles handed down from generation to generation, such as Please Increase Guo Jia's knighthood list, Let the county magistrate know his own story, Repair the Book and the King, Wenxuan Commemorating Qiu's Old Bridge, etc. Simple words, vivid feelings, fluency and frankness.
According to the textual research of Yao Zhenzong's Records of the Three Kingdoms of Qing Dynasty, Cao Cao's works include 30 volumes of Wei Wudi Collection, Sun Tzu's Art of War 1 Volume, 13 Volume and so on. There are more than ten kinds of works, but most of them have been lost, and the only one that exists is Sun Tzu's Note. 145 poems collected by Zhang Yan in Ming Dynasty were included in Wei Wudi Collection and 103 in Records of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.
Ding's Collection of Celebrities in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties also includes Wei Wudi's Collection, which has slightly more works than Zhang Pu's Collection. 1959, according to Ding Ben, Zhonghua Book Company added Annotation to Sun Tzu, and attached the Ji of Emperor Wu and Chronology of Cao Cao. , and reprinted as "Cao Cao Ji".
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Cao Cao (founder of the Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms)