Astronomer Monk and his party measured the length of meridian for the first time in the world. Sun Simiao's Qian Jin Fang is a rare medical work. In 868, the printing of Diamond Sutra in China was the earliest block printing known in the world. China's papermaking, textile and other technologies spread to West Asia and Europe through the Arab region.
culture
Literary thoughts
China's first champion, Sanyuanji, was born in the Tang Dynasty, and was the champion Sun in 622 (65 1 year Yan Kangcheng) and the champion Sanyuan in 78 1 year respectively.
The most remarkable literary achievement of the Tang Dynasty is the Tang poetry. Since Chen Ziang and the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty", Li Bai's famous poets have emerged one after another, among which Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can and Wang Wei in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Li He, Han Yu and Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty are several representatives. Their poems have different styles, including rich imagination of the mythical world and detailed description of real life, including passionate frontier poems, gloomy and heavy "poetic history" and fresh and refined pastoral poems. The isomorphism of these poems has become an outstanding representative of China's literary achievements. Although there were still outstanding poets in the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the overall level of regular poetry and classical poetry was not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty, which made Tang poetry an insurmountable peak of classical poetry in China. Chang 'an, Yuezhou and Luoyang are big cities with the largest number of Tang poems.
Almost all the cultural, institutional and social features of the Tang Dynasty were inherited from the Sui Dynasty. Li in the Tang Dynasty had a closer relationship with Yang in the Sui Dynasty. To a certain extent, the Tang Dynasty was an extension of the Sui Dynasty, so historians in previous dynasties often merged it with the Sui Dynasty to form the Sui Dynasty.
calligraphy culture
There were four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty: Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji. Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan's regular script and Zhang Xu and Huai Su's Wild Grass entered their heyday.
Art culture
Zhang Xuan's "The Picture of the Lady of the State of Guo You Chun" absorbed the characteristics of the western regions and religious colors, so the art of the Tang Dynasty was very different from that of the previous generation. In the early Tang Dynasty, Yan and Yan Lide were good at figure painting. Wu Daozi is known as "the sage in the painting". He is good at figures and scenery, and absorbs the techniques of western painting school. His pictures are full of three-dimensional sense, and there is a saying that "Wu takes the lead". Natalie mainly painted ladies-in-waiting, and his famous works include The Picture of Tao Ren, The Picture of Lady You Chun of the State of Guo, The Picture of Flowers and Ladies, etc. The poet Wang Wei is good at ink and wash landscape painting, and Su Shi called him "painting with poetry".
The cause of mural painting in Tang Dynasty was particularly developed. The murals in Mogao Grottoes and Mausoleums have been handed down from generation to generation. The carving art in the Tang Dynasty was equally outstanding. Dunhuang, Longmen, Maijishan and Bingling Temple Grottoes all reached their peak in the Tang Dynasty. The Lushena Buddha in Longmen Grottoes and the Leshan Buddha in Sichuan are both amazing. The three-color six-horse figurines and tombs in Zhaoling are very beautiful. Among them, the sculptor Yang Huizhi is called Plastic Saint.
During the Tang Dynasty, calligraphers came forth in large numbers. Ou Yangxun and Yu Shinan were both famous calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. Ou Yangxun's regular script is neat, and his masterpiece is "The Ritual Spring Inscription of Jiucheng Palace". The font of regular script in the south of the city is soft and round. Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan were famous calligraphers in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Yan Zhenqing's regular script pen is vigorous, full of bones and muscles, vigorous and free and easy, and his representative works include Duobaota Monument and Yanshi Family Temple Monument. Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is vigorous and powerful, and his masterpiece is Mysterious Pagoda. The world calls Yan Liu's calligraphy "Yan Liu Jin Gu". Zhang Xu and Huai Su are masters of cursive writing.
Religious culture
In the early Tang Dynasty, the religious policy was relatively tolerant, and Xuanzang, two traditional religions in China, developed greatly. In the Tang Dynasty, Taoism was the state religion, and princes and nobles were all proud of Taoist priests, taking Laozi, Zhuangzi, Wen Zi, Liezi and other Taoist classics as themes. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, monk Xuanzang went to Tianzhu (now India) to study 657 Buddhist scriptures, so the Tang Dynasty built the Wild Goose Pagoda to preserve these Buddhist scriptures.
Xuanzang absorbed a lot of Taoist terms in order to conform to the national conditions of the Tang Dynasty at that time. A large number of Buddhist classics were translated and introduced, and China monks' own ideological system gradually matured, which made China Buddhism develop steadily during this period, and most major sects of China Buddhism were formed or matured during this period. Other religions, such as Islam, Nestorianism (Christian nestorius) and Zoroastrianism, were also introduced into China with international exchanges. When Tang Wuzong adopted a high-handed policy towards Buddhism, it was known in history that Huichang destroyed Buddhism, which made other Buddhist sects, except a few sects such as Zen, never recover.