Song Dynasty: Li Qingzhao
The idle windows in the yard are deep in spring, and the heavy curtains are not heavy. Leaning against the staggered, lonely and silent, gently fiddling with the lyre. (Spring is deep: Spring is deep)
The clouds around the distant peaks look like dusk is coming, and the breeze in the dusk stirs the drizzle and plays with the hazy light clouds. The pears in the yard are about to wither. I'm afraid even the oblique wind and rain can't bear it. It's a sad scenery.
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The small courtyard is hidden among the dark green trees and flowers in spring, the small windows upstairs are hidden, the heavy curtains are not rolled up, and the dark boudoir looks gloomy. A man leaned against the railing, and no one spoke, so he had to fiddle with the strings absently.
Although the cloud is unintentional, it urges the dusk to set early; The breeze blew the rain, and the breeze in the twilight blew the drizzle, stirring the dim light clouds. The pear blossoms in the yard are about to wither. I'm afraid even the oblique wind and drizzle are unbearable, which really hurts the scenery.
To annotate ...
Huanxisha: The name of the Tang Dynasty was named after "Ruoxi Huansha" in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was later used as an inscription name, also known as "Huanxisha" and "Xiaoting Flower". Spring scenery: The poem of Caotang (untitled by Yang) is entitled "Spring scenery".
Idle windows: carved and guardrail windows. Idle, idle. Idle windows are generally used for leisure. Some versions of the word "already" are used as the word "color".
Heavy curtains: layered curtains. Weight: refers to the darkness of the boudoir, which means deep.
Rb: Nonsense. Lyre: Jade-decorated lyre, that is, jade lyre. Also known as Qin, it refers to guqin in general.
A remote cave: a distant mountain. Cave: Mountain peak. Dusk: The sun will set at dusk, indicating dusk.
Light shadow: a dim light cloud.
"Pear Flower" sentence: It means that pear flowers bloom in the rich spring, and its withering makes people feel particularly sad and even unbearable. Difficult to ban: it is difficult to stop.
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This is a poem about cherishing spring. It is about a heroine in a boudoir, facing the fading spring scenery, fiddling with the lyre bored, watching the clouds show in the distance, listening to the gentle breeze and drizzle, and having a special liking for pear flowers. The first part of the poem mainly describes the environment, and the second part focuses on the scenery. Through the description of the scenery from indoor to outdoor, with the artistic technique of blending scenes and implicit brushwork, the melancholy feelings of the heroine pregnant with others are written, which shows the sad and lonely mood of the heroine.
The first one mainly describes the environment, and the second one focuses on the scenery.
The "small courtyard" in the "Small Courtyard" points out the heroine's position in the poem. This small yard is shaded by deep springs, green trees and flowers. It's getting dark, and the upstairs windows are idle. No one came and went in the yard, and there were no curtains between the window lattice, which seemed deserted and desolate. It's really like a boudoir! "Heavy curtain is not heavy" is about a girl who feels lonely and sad in this deep courtyard, and the curtain is put down; Because it is a heavy curtain, the indoor light is dim. Heavy is to describe the depth of the room. The "ghost" here does not mean that the sunset projection is very long, but that the room is dark and dark. In these two sentences, "idle window in the small courtyard" and "curtain not rolled" are the real scene seen from the outside and the present situation seen from the inside, not two places, but only the intertextuality of one place. Through the description of the environment, the loneliness and sadness caused by the heroine's late spring and deep seclusion are highlighted.
When you are so lonely and depressed, how will you break the silence and sadness? Stroll to the front of the building, overlooking the building, hoping to seek some comfort in the open natural scenery. However, I saw white clouds urging dusk, and the wind and rain made it cloudy; It's getting dark, and the evening is coming, almost like my gloomy and depressed mood, but it adds distress and boredom. She began to stand there in a daze, and then sat down to play the piano: "You can't talk about the lyre leaning against the building." This sentence is her subconscious action to get rid of distress and irritability when she is helpless. In fact, the hostess didn't mean to practice the piano, just to relieve loneliness and tell her heart. Therefore, it is not as relaxed and lively as the girl "leaning on the railing and shaking her fan silently" in Mao Xizhen's backyard flower, nor as sad as the girlfriend "leaning on the floor with tears" in Feng Yansi's "Hua Lian is dead". Nevertheless, her leisure and depression were not driven away by the sound of the piano, and she was mentally bound and could not be freed. "leaning on the building without words" vividly writes the mental state of being depressed by sadness and then lost in ecstasy. The word "speechless" expresses her bitter and unspeakable feelings more deeply.
The two dialogues closely related to the conclusion in the previous paragraph are the real scenes she saw in front of the building, which reveal the cause of her melancholy from the front: "The clouds are coming out in the distance to urge the dusk" as a long-term vision. The water vapor on the ground turns into a cloud when it is cold at night and hangs over the peaks and hills. During the day, it is evaporated by the sun and gradually dissipates, and the peaks and hills reappear. But the clouds and sunshine in the cave are difficult, and they don't get up until the sun sets. Tao Yuanming's farewell speech said: "Cloud has no intention to go out. Birds are tired of flying and know how to return "is to write the evening scenery, so the cloud" urges dusk ". The sun will set at dusk. The close-up view of "the breeze blows the rain and the shade is light" means that in the evening, the sky is getting darker and the dusk is heavy, while the breeze blows and the rain flower splashes, which seems to tease the shade, so the cloud is "light shade".
There is a word "urge" in the previous sentence, which accelerates the arrival of the night; In the last sentence, the word "de" was used, which made the light shade turn into thick, and the sky turned black. Vivid and vivid, it is tantamount to casting a thick shadow on the worried people. It goes without saying that it is difficult to send them away.
The last sentence "Pear blossoms are hard to thank" comes from "deep spring scenery", which is consistent with the seasonal climate, and "Pear blossoms lag behind the Ming Dynasty" (Chinese in Yan Shu's Broken Array). Therefore, the environment and scenery are summed up by "pear blossoms want to thank", and the desert and sorrow are summarized by "fear is difficult to ban". The reason why the heroine in the poem is depressed is revealed at this point. Because of it, subtle scenery and subtle feelings are skillfully and harmoniously combined, and the abstract sadness caused by cherishing spring has become a concrete image that can be linked.
Extended reading: Li Qingzhao's main works
Li Qingzhao's collected works were carved at that time. The problem of Jie zhi Zhai contains Ji 1, and Bieben is divided into five volumes. Huang Sheng's Selected Poems of Hua 'an is said to have three volumes of Shu Yu Ci. The History of Song Dynasty Literature and Art contains 7 volumes of Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi and 6 volumes of Yi 'an Ci. Long time no see. The existing poetry collections are all compiled by later generations. Shuyuzhai's Shuyu Ci 1 volume, and Wenyi's Shuyu Collection has 5 volumes, with the most works included. But most of the words received are fake. There are 60 "Shuyu Ci" in Zhao Wanli's Collation of Ci in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. There is a newly discovered Li Qingzhao's ci in Kong's Addendum to the Poems of the Whole Song Dynasty. There is a collating of Li Qingzhao's collected works in Wang Zhongwen, which is published by People's Literature Publishing House.