Xiangshan Temple was once the crown of Jingxi Temple. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty built twenty-eight scenes of Jingyi Garden in this area. Xiangshan and Jingyi Garden occupy one mountain and one garden among the famous three mountains and five gardens in western Beijing. 1960 and 1900, Xiangshan and Jingyi Garden were burnt down by the British and French allied forces and Eight-Nation Alliance. 1956, Xiangshan is open to the public as a people's park.
200 1 was rated as AAAA scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration, and was rated as the first batch of fine parks in Beijing in 2002. There are many cultural relics and historic sites in Xiangshan Park, with pavilions and pavilions everywhere, such as stars, among which Ming Che, one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing, is the snow scene in Xishan. Biyun Temple, a national key cultural relic protection unit; Shuangqing Villa where President Mao Zedong worked and lived in the patriotic education base; Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall (in Biyun Temple), a memorial resort for great men of the century; There is the only wooden gold-plated five hundred arhats in China (in Biyun Temple); Antique quadrangles and other scenic spots with Jiangnan characteristics. If we compare the western suburbs of Beijing to the back garden of Beijing's modern metropolis.
Then, Xiangshan Park with a long history has become a green valley oxygen bar in the western suburbs of Beijing with its natural landscape of blooming flowers in spring, refreshing and pleasant summer, falling red leaves in late autumn and white clothes in winter. There are many trees in the park, and the forest coverage rate is 96%. There are more than 5800 ancient and famous trees alone. The park has unique resources of mountains, rivers, famous springs, ancient trees and red leaves. Xiangshan is famous at home and abroad. 1986 was named as one of the 16 scenic spots in New Beijing, which became the most beautiful scenery in autumn in Beijing. Every year in late autumn (from mid-June 65438 to1mid-October 65438+June 65438+10/October), tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists gather in Xiangshan to enjoy the autumn scenery.
Tickets: during the opening hours, the off-season ticket price (110 to 31March) and the peak season ticket price in 5 yuan (1April to115/kloc-0). Monthly ticket 10 and season ticket 10 are sold in 30 yuan from April to June 30th from 6:00 to 18:30, and from July to August 3rd from 6:00 to 19:00. Every year from September 1 to June165438+1October 15 6:00 to 18:30, and every year from June 1 16 to March 3/. Address: It was founded in the second year of Yuanshun (133 1), and it was expanded in the Ming and Qing Dynasties before it reached its present scale.
The temple faces east in the west and is built on the mountain. The layout of the whole temple is mainly six courtyards, with a group of courtyards in the north and south. The courtyard adopts its own closed architectural technique, and the halls are stacked by mountains, which is a special layout formed by more than 300 steps. Because the temple is gradually rising along the mountain, in order not to expose the overall layout, a rotating series of fascinating architectural forms are adopted. Each yard has its own characteristics, giving people an endless feeling.
The whole temple, from the mountain gate to the stone pagoda behind the temple, has a height difference of more than 100 meters. The first few Buddhist temples on the central axis are relics of the Ming Dynasty, which contain Buddhist statues and sculptures. Among them, a pair of stone lions and two generals, Huma and Ha, standing in front of the mountain gate, clay sculptures and painted sculptures in the temple, and wall carvings on the mountain wall of Maitreya Hall are all artistic treasures of the Ming Dynasty. Biyun Temple was founded in the Yuan Dynasty, with a history of more than 600 years. According to legend, this place was originally the former site of Wanjing Building in Japan.
In the third year of the Western Emperor's Apocalypse (1623), Wei Zhongxian also took a fancy to this treasure land, and expanded the Biyun Temple again, processing and expanding it on the basis of the tomb as a graveyard after death. But five years later, Wei Zhongxian was found guilty and the mausoleum was abandoned. After these two expansions, Biyun Temple, full of architectural features of the Ming Dynasty, has begun to take shape. In the Qing Dynasty, the majestic Biyun Temple attracted the emperors and empresses of the Qing Dynasty.
In the 12th year of Qianlong (1748), Biyun Temple was built on a large scale. On the basis of retaining the original temple, the King Kong Pagoda was built at the location of the tomb behind the temple, the Lohan Hall was built on the right side of the temple, and the palace courtyard was built on the left side of the temple. Because there are no major changes to the original buildings, the architecture and cultural relics of the temple basically retain the style of the Ming Dynasty. There is a stone bridge in front of Bishi Temple. There are a pair of stone lions near the mountain gate, squatting on Sumeru Mountain.
They are thin and strong. The stone lions made by Wei Zhongxian are stone carvings of Ming Dynasty, which have high artistic value. Facing the mountain gate is the hall of the second general. The main hall faces east from east to west, and there are three spacious rooms, which are built on the mountain, covered with grey tiles and decorated with arches under the eaves. Clay figurines, standing on both sides of the hall, are about 4.8 meters high, vivid in image, bright in color and stiff in posture. This is a pair of high-value sculptures.
Hal divided the sides of the main hall into bell tower and drum tower, forming the first courtyard. The main hall of this courtyard is Maitreya Buddha Hall. The original four heavenly kings were destroyed during the Northern Warlords, and now only Maitreya is left in the main hall. There is a platform in front of the temple with two octagonal Buddhist scriptures engraved on it. In the center of the main hall of the temple, there is a statue of Sakyamuni, with the Venerable Ye Jia and Manjushri on the left and Ananda and Pu Xian on the right. The wall carvings on the mountain wall are decorated with colorful sculptures of eighteen arhats with different postures and vivid images, as well as fairy tales of Tang Priest in The Journey to the West. The ethereal realm of the mountain is shaped on the three-dimensional sculpture, which enhances the three-dimensional sense and realism. It can be said that it is an artistic treasure of the Ming Dynasty.
Behind the statue of Sakyamuni are Guanyin Bodhisattva, Shancai Statue, Dragon King Statue, Dragon Lady Statue and Wei Tuo Statue, with Guanyin Bodhisattva, Shanhai Statue and Yunhai Statue hanging on both sides. Integrate with the front hall. There is an octagonal pavilion at the back of the main hall with an inscription written by Gan Long Yu Bi, describing the reconstruction of Gan Long Biyun Temple from 12 to 14. The third courtyard, with the Bodhisattva Hall as the main body, has three spacious rooms, with gable and front porch, a bucket arch under the eaves, and a plaque of Gan Long's imperial pen and three cars. There are five clay sculptures in the temple, with Guanyin in the center, Manjusri Bodhisattva and Wisdom Bodhisattva on the left, and Samantabhadra Bodhisattva and Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva on the right.
There are 24 statues of gods in the East Wall and the West Wall, and there are four stars representing longevity and happiness, about one meter high. There are hanging sculptures and small Buddhist story sculptures around the statues in Yunshan. There are three old trees in the yard, with lush foliage. Among them, Muluo tree is the most precious. This kind of tree is native to India, with an arc umbrella at the top, winding branches and long and round leaves, just like a jujube pit. Each branch has five or seven leaves, so it is also called aesculus. Buddha Sakyamuni died under a tree, thus becoming a treasure of Buddhism. The Third Hospital has Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. The memorial hall is five rooms wide, with a white marble tablet embedded behind the gable, and various patterns engraved on the marble sumeru, with gold characters on a white background. The letter reads "Teacher Sun Yat-sen's letter to the Soviet Union".
Above the main entrance is a wooden plaque with gold characters on a red background, on which is the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall written by Soong Ching Ling. There is a bust of Sun Yat-sen in the hall, and a glass-covered steel coffin presented by the Soviet Union 1925 is parked on the right. Photographs and monuments of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in various periods are displayed indoors. This pagoda is partial.
The King Kong throne tower in Bishi Temple is 347 meters high and is divided into three layers: pedestal, throne and tower body. The tower foundation is square, masonry structure, covered with tiger skin stone, and there are stone guardrails on both sides of the foundation. All the towers are made of polished white marble, with traditional Tibetan Buddhist statues carved on all sides. In the middle of the tower foundation, there is a coupon hole. There is a white marble plaque on the wall of the coupon, and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is written in gold. Buddha statues and animal heads are carved on both sides of the coupon hole, and the plaque on the coupon hole says that the lamp is in Bodhi. There are seven stone pagodas on the throne: a house-shaped square pagoda and a round Lama, followed by five 13-story square pagodas with dense eaves, a big pagoda in the middle and a small pagoda at each corner.
This is a unique architectural form and a variant of mandala. Datura is a transliteration of Sanskrit, which means Tancheng, and later evolved into a symbolic pattern. Tibetan Buddhism believes that the center of Jingzi is Xumi Mountain, surrounded by water, earth, mountains and buddhas. The base of the five pagodas is Mount Sumi, and the four sides of the pagodas are carved with Buddha statues. On the belly of the tower, thirteen layers of phase wheels form the neck of the tower, and finally the bronze tower brake. There are eight diagrams cast in the center of the pagoda and flowers hanging around it. At the top of the pagoda, there is a small pagoda with an eye door, and there is a Buddha statue in the pagoda. There is a vibrant Gu Song factory behind the main tower. The entire King Kong throne tower is covered with exquisite reliefs, including large and small Buddha statues, heavenly kings, dragons and phoenixes, lion statues and moire patterns, all carved according to Tibetan traditional statues.
There are two groups of buildings around the central axis of Biyun Temple, with Luohantang on the left and Shuiquanyuan on the right. Luotang imitates Hangzhou Jingci Temple. Luotang, there are 508 statues, all made of wood and covered with gold foil. In the middle of Luotangding stands pagodas and pavilions symbolizing the pure land of the West. There are four heavenly kings at the main entrance, centered on three buddhas; There is a statue on each side of the passage: Wei Tuo in the east, Tomi Buddha in the west, Tibetan Bodhisattva in the south and Jigong in the north. The mad monk is the legendary mad monk who taunted Qin Gui in Lingyin Temple. Sitting on the north roof beam, Jigong. Legend has it that on the day when Luohantang ranked first, Qi Huangong came to Biyun Temple very early, but the gate had not been opened. It appeared when a playboy snatched a girl from her bad karma and Gonger Palace fought to save a girl from her bad karma.
When Jigong returned to Biyun Temple, all the seats were full, so we had to use the roof beams as seats. In Luotang, 500 arhats are arranged in sequence. The sitting statue is about 1.5 meters high, with the same size as ordinary people, different postures and vivid images. Some of them sat quietly with their eyes closed, some bowed their heads and smiled, some were expressionless and some were old. The image of 500 arhats can be said to be the highlight of Buddhist sculpture. Among the 500 arhats, Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong are thought-provoking. Emperor Kangxi was the 295th arhat in the dark night, and Emperor Qianlong was the 350th arhat in Zhifu. On the one hand, the two emperors were shaped as arhats, on the other hand, they celebrated the prosperity of Kanggan. Shuiquanyuan is a beautiful place in Biyun Temple.
There are three days of pines and cypresses in the courtyard, the most famous of which is the third generation tree. This is a strange old tree with a cypress bush in the middle and a neem tree in the innermost layer. Now the neem tree is still alive. There is also a natural spring in the hospital, named Shuiquan, also known as Zhuoxi Spring. The spring water flowed out of the crack and merged into a pool. The spring water is sweet and refreshing. Next to the spring is a rock rockery in Taihu Lake. Flowers and trees, springs and rockeries form a beautiful and quiet courtyard garden.
Biyun Temple has been built for hundreds of years. 1957, the government listed the temple as the first batch of municipal cultural relics protection units, and carried out many large-scale repairs. Now it is a famous tourist attraction. The picture shows a visit to Shuangqing Mountain Villa. Shuangqing Mountain Villa is located in the southeast, named after two springs in the courtyard. The word "Shuang Qing" was inscribed by Emperor Qianlong. There is a hexagonal Hong Ting in the middle of the yard, next to a pond. In March
Main route of Dengxianglu Peak: North Line: North Gate climbs to the top along the north wall. Midline: East Gate-Yuhua Xiu-Platform-Peak. South Line: East Gate-Xiangshan Hotel-Shibapan-Lang Feng Pavilion-Senyu Cave-Chaoyang Cave-Platform-Peak. Park tickets: 10 yuan cable car (cableway) one-way 30 yuan; Pass 50 yuan, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Biyun Temple Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall.
After Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing on March 1925, he parked his spiritual fulcrum in the temple. In May of the same year, Lingshu was buried in Nanjing, and then a cenotaph was built in the King Kong throne tower behind the temple. Puming Miaojue Temple in the temple was changed to Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall. In the memorial hall, a bust of Chen Fang and Sun Yat-sen presented by the Soviet government and a glass coffin with a copper cover are placed, and "Shuangqing Mao Zedong" is engraved on the white marble walls on both sides.
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), it was renovated. The halls on the left and right sides of the memorial hall are exhibition rooms, which display photos of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary activities and various precious documents. The sun yat-sen memorial hall plaque hanging above the gate was inscribed by Soong Ching Ling, the late honorary chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC). In the center of the hall is a sitting statue of Sun Yat-sen.. On both sides are glass-covered steel coffins, Sun Yat-sen's remains and ink donated by the Soviet Union.
Dr. Sun Yat-sen's suicide note is engraved on the north and south walls. There are photos of Sun Yat-sen's life in the side rooms on both sides of the temple. Jianxinzhai Jianxinzhai is located on the west side of the north gate of the park, which is a garden in the garden. Founded in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522- 1566), it is a garden courtyard with Jiangnan characteristics, which lasted until the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. Legend has it that it was the place where the emperor verified whether the minister was loyal to him, hence the name Jianxin Zhai.
The semi-circular pool in the yard is surrounded by colorful paintings on three sides. The main hall is opposite Zhiyu Pavilion, and Zhengning Hall is behind. More than 65,438+0,000 red crucian carp swim around the fish pond in koi fish, which makes this unique small courtyard full of vitality.