Tao Yuanming's four officials and four words finally chose to retire and realized the harmonious coexistence of life.
First of all, Tao Yuanming maintained a practical and upright life realm. He said in "Fire in June of the Year of Wushen": "The thatched cottage sent the poor lane and would like to say goodbye to Huaxuan. ..... total hair hug solitary interface, was elected for forty years. ..... Zhen Gang has its own quality, but jade is not strong. " He clearly expressed his firm thought of keeping poverty and chastity, and kept this thought completely throughout his life. He retired in his later years and had a good material life.
Bad times. For example, "Happy spring wine, picking vegetables in my garden" ("Reading Shan Hai Jing"), which is his material richness. But most of the time is poor.
Tao Yuanming said in "Looking Back at Tian She at the Beginning of Guimao": "A teacher has a legacy and is not poor." What he is worried about is bad morals, not wealth, which is one of the reasons why he can be calm and maintain his ambition of "fixing poverty". Therefore, he can "remember that the horse is not bitter, but he is poor and happy" ("A Long History of Giving Sheep") and "There is always a good face for nothing" ("Antique"). Finally, I "actually held the Poverty Alleviation Festival" (16 drinks).
Secondly, Tao Yuanming practiced the idea of being indifferent to fame and fortune, and pushed the spirit of being indifferent to fame and fortune since Qin and Han dynasties to a height that future generations could not surpass. Tao Yuanming lived in the most turbulent and darkest Song Dynasty in China feudal society. He kept a clear understanding of the politics at that time and never sacrificed himself for fame and fortune. In Ode to the Poor, he said, "I don't want a good title, but I don't get paid for it." In the Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, Mr. Wu Liu said: "Be quiet, talk less, not greedy ... regardless of gains and losses, all shall be well." These reflect his indifference to fame and fortune during his lifetime. He also regards the name behind him as dust. He said in Deng Zhizhong, A Book of Complaining Poems and Telling Master Pang: "Calling my name after I die is like a smoke to me." "He Liu Chai Sang" says: "After a hundred years, my name remains the same." From his four official positions, four resignations to his final retirement, he naturally and faithfully practiced this idea of being indifferent to fame and fortune.
Third, Tao Yuanming's life philosophy of reaching for life and death. There were frequent wars in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the power struggle was extremely fierce. People clearly realize that life is short. Tao Yuanming is more philosophical about death. One of his elegies reads: "There must be death in life, and sooner or later there must be death." "Shadow God" said, "I didn't ascend to heaven, and Phil no longer doubts." Correctly understand the inevitability of life and death. Tao Yuanming does not believe in Taoist immortals, nor does he believe in reincarnation of Buddhism. This idea is clearly expressed in his Order of Form, Shadow and Spirit. Yan Yanzhi, his good friend, wrote in Tao Zheng Shi that when he died, he "tasted medicine and sought kindness." . You finally live in seclusion, you are pregnant and grow up, and you face death calmly and calmly; I also told my family to "save money, but pay attention to it and mourn for yourself." It was worn by the soil and it was embarrassing to be buried. "This is in sharp contrast with the traditional style of heavy burial in China. Really achieve "death" if you are in danger. "Tao Yuanming's selective sublation of China's traditional Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism has been fully explained. In Song Dynasty, Ye Mengde praised him in "Miscellaneous Encounters", saying, "This man is versatile, and he can really live and die. The poet's words not only let him know the truth, but also his words? "
Fourth, Tao Yuanming returned to nature and fully enjoyed his return to nature. There are about 100 poems in Tao poetry, which are related to describing natural scenery. Among them, classic masterpieces such as Home Book, Returning to the Garden, Drinking, etc. Among these poems, the number of pastoral poems is the largest and the achievements are the highest. For example, the first part of Return to the Garden describes the rural scenery, and the author shows a vibrant garden village. Against the backdrop of newly reclaimed farmland in Ye Nan, the quaint and orderly straw houses are not as magnificent as carved beams and painted buildings, but the back of Yuliu Yard is lush and the front of Li Tao Hall is full of fragrance. The layout of straw houses and trees is harmonious, plain and gorgeous, and full of interest; There is no war and smoke in the countryside, no earthly disturbance, no flattering, no cheating life; The people's village in the distance, the smoke from the kitchen in the market, the barking of dogs in deep alleys and the crowing of chickens on the top of trees are all pleasant, quiet and serene. This is the author's initial state of life, returning to nature, fully appreciating and enjoying this state, and realizing that the ID is nature.
Fifth, Tao Yuanming embodies a kind of benevolent feelings that are friendly to society. He not only loves his mother, wife, brothers, sisters and children, but also cherishes friendship. After he resigned and retired, many Jiangzhou officials, from the secretariat to their families, came to visit and sing for each other. For example, "Farewell to Yin Jin": "If you swim well, you must be diligent. If you pay for your words, you will know that you are a relative. " He fell in love with Yin at first sight and expressed sincere friendship. Tao Yuanming is also like a brother to the lower-class literati and rural farmers who associate with him. For example, the first part of "Migration" said: "Neighboring songs come from time to time, and it is a thing of the past to resist talking. Wonders are appreciated and doubts are analyzed. " There is even more "many beautiful days in the spring and autumn, climbing high and writing new poems." It's better to call each other after crossing the door, so there's wine to consider. Farming goes back to hometown, and leisure needs acacia. Acacia wears clothes, and there are endless laughs "("Migration "II). The relationship between Tao Yuanming and farmers is simple and true. For example, "the market has recovered and the grass is full of grass." "There are no miscellaneous words when we meet, and Sang Ma has a long way to go" (the first part of Return to the Garden).
Tao Yuanming's life paradigm is like an unreachable dream for today's admirers, but his life connotation is extremely detached. Therefore, learning the life connotation of Tao Yuanming's harmonious residence is of great ideological significance to the construction of a harmonious society today.
Dongli Ji You
Another autumn wind, fallen leaves, driving a boat south of Jiangnan, looking for Nanshan monuments.
Chrysanthemum fragrance is faint, the soul is still clear, and people have gone.
1600 years, the situation changed, and lyna planted thousands of chrysanthemums here. Leisure, faint chrysanthemum fragrance, swaying thousands of miles, looking back at the Millennium.
Jinge iron horse, if the ear thunders, resounds through the sky.
How many lofty aspirations, how many amazing feats, how many tears spilled on the battlefield, how many proud dust.
Here, it is another world.
It happened that birds and flowers, pines and chrysanthemums, gurgling streams and faint ancient caves.
Go hand in hand, it may be true, but go hand in hand, isn't it? The heart is firm, the shape is fixed, and the shadow is self-evident; Disturbed, scattered, wandering in the shadows. Ming, changhong hidden in the heart; Wandering, smoke clouds spread across the sky.
He may be something between fixed and scattered, swimming freely, but his heart is unpredictable.
From the moment I was sealed, my life belonged to me, but I had no choice.
Drinking in Dongli, writing poems in Qingxi and ploughing have become the true meaning of Bai Nanshan's life.
Since then, this Dongli has become a good place to drink Nanshan.
When the morning dawned, he resolutely left the night and ran to the dawn.
Knock on the ancient cave in Taoyuan from here and return to the heart of nature.
There are thousands of warblers in spring, colorful trees in summer and long cold nights in winter. Since then, we have seen all the vicissitudes of the world.
Twenty-one years of cold and heat, twenty-one years of pastoral casting ""don't care about poverty, don't learn rich crystal soul, firm and transparent.
The south mountain wind blowing clouds inside and outside the hut is so clear in front of my eyes.
Under the sun and the moon, Nanshan is golden, and Dongli people have passed away for thousands of years, truly realizing their desire to share the same mountain and water.
I know in my heart that lyna will look up to this Millennium story in the depths of Nanshan. Watching the world laugh and scold, not tempted and not emotional, is that the world is drunk and I wake up alone.
Today, a thousand years later, Taoyuan is still a swan song, but it has become an eternal paradise in people's hearts. No one knows that Taoyuan is a portrayal of 1600 years ago. Today is a dream come true, which makes people afraid to explore, let alone to confirm.
There, almost perfect, but no one knows, that perfection, that carefree, comes from that far-reaching self-bias
The ancient cave is faint and unfathomable, but it seems that if there is light faintly, it must be a paradise behind the clouds. Now that the dark clouds have passed, I have to flinch.
The sunset is on the mountain, and the twilight is near.
Looking back at the front of the house, under the east fence, it turned out to be a Jin Ju. At this time, it is getting brighter and brighter, and the afterglow before darkness is still dazzling, although it is already late autumn.
Maybe it's Tao Gong. In the dark, he treats Chrysanthemum as a human being, overlooking the ice and snow.
A piece of black covered everything, and the stars were faintly visible. The originally sparse east fence adds a little darkness, although the Iraqi place is still faintly visible.
Taking a boat to the horizon may be the way home. With the drunkenness in Dongli, the touch of Nanshan and the fragrance of chrysanthemums, I always believe that Iraqis are still there, and I will always abide by the destination of "picking chrysanthemums in Dongli and seeing Nanshan leisurely".
Dongpo once said: "You have to believe that this Weng is not dead, and now he is angry. My heart will always be there. "
Dongli is gone, where is Tao Gongan? Leaving only the grown-up autumn chrysanthemum, facing the cold wind alone.