The 20-volume Painting Spectrum of Xuanhe was written in the second year of Xuanhe (1 120). The book contains 23 1 painters from Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, with a total of 6,396 works. But there is no Zhang Zeduan in Xuanhe's paintings. Later generations know little about Zhang Zeduan's life and achievements. If Zhang Zhu doesn't introduce Zhang Zeduan very simply in the inscription and postscript of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, who is the author of this the world famous paintings will become an eternal mystery.
There are two opinions about the query that Zhang is not included in Xuanhe Huapu:
One view is that "Zhang Zeduan's name was not found in the Painting of Xuanhe in the late Northern Song Dynasty. It is speculated that he may have entered the Painting Academy late, and the editor had no time to compile it into the book "(quoted from the article" The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival "by Shan Zong in Chinese Wenyuan). In addition, there is an article saying that Zhang Zeduan's "The reign of Emperor Xuanhe (AD 1 19- 125) is the imperial court academician to be summoned" [1], if Zhang Zeduan started to write the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the imperial court academician to be summoned, then he. Suppose Zhang Zeduan became famous later, and other paintings, such as Application for the World Heritage of West Lake, Spring Dawn of West Lake and Night Bell in Nanping, were also completed later. If so, it is fair to say that there is no information about Zhang Zeduan in Xuanhe's picture books.
Another way of saying it is: Cai Jing deliberately did not include Zhang Zeduan in Xuanhe's paintings. The author combed four related situations:
● The completion time of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is between the government and propaganda, that is,111-125. According to Yang Zhun's postscript in Yuan Dynasty:' There is an inscription of Huisi before the scroll', and Li Dongyang's inscription:' There is a five-character sign of Youling Fine Rib in front of the scroll, and the seal of Shuanglong Small Seal', which proves that the painting should be made in the political propaganda room as the title is determined. (Quoted from Lu Xiansheng's rare treasure "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", use superscript [2] when quoting this article. )。
● Xuanhe painting spectrum and Xuanhe book spectrum are companion pieces, and the author is unknown. Some scholars believe that the book was written by Evonne, while others believe that it was compiled by Cai Jing and Mi Fei. However, as far as the content and style of the book are concerned, it seems that it was written collectively by official organizations with the inspiration and participation of Song Huizong.
● Cai Jing (1047- 1 126) was the right servant in Huizong (1 102), and later served as a teacher, rejecting dissidents in the name of restoring the new law. Meticulous calligraphy, the word potential Hao key, its own style. (Excerpted from Ci Hai)
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a treasure in the history of painting for more than 800 years. Although they are fascinated by dignitaries, literati, collectors and even contemporary people, they all feel sorry that they know little about the author, and some people have done some discussions. Some of them questioned Cai Jing, editor-in-chief of Xuanhe Huapu. There are different reasons for thinking that Zhang Zeduan's painting name is not included in Xuanhe Huapu. For example, Lu Wan's postscript said,' Xuanhe's calligraphy and painting works are dedicated to Cai Jing', and Beijing used power to rape dissidents, so Zhang did not enter the painting spectrum and did not enter the book spectrum. This is very correct. (Excerpted from The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in Zhang Zeduan on October 20th, 2002/KLOC-0 +065438+. When this article is quoted below, it is indicated by superscript [3]. )
Because the specific completion time of Zhang Zeduan's The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is unknown, both of them have their own reasons. The author thinks that Lu Wan, an ancient man, discussed it in 1524 and thought that he had exclusive rights in Cai Jing. It is meaningless to say that there is no living painter. Su Shi died in11kloc-0/,and Huang Tingjian died in 1 105. At this point, it is a bit unfair to refer to Cai Jing only as a traitor dictatorship. Combined with the study of the first doubt, the author thinks that Xuanhe's books, paintings and music do not contain the three, which may be related to the great calligraphers and painters at that time and the emperor at that time, so it is not appropriate to overestimate Su, Huang and Zhang. From this point of view, the view that "Cai Jing intentionally doesn't carry anything" is more credible.
2. From1127 (April of the second year of Jingkang), the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival went out of the palace gate and flowed into Beijing folk. In the leap November of the first year of Jingkang (winter 1 126), the nomads went south to attack Tokyo (now Kaifeng). In April of the following year (1 127), the nobles of the state of Jin plundered and searched. According to the records in Volume 23 of History of Song Dynasty, in the second year of Jingkang (1 127), in the summer of April, Gengshen (Gengshen is a "dry branch" to record the day, indicating the day in the middle of the month), Jin people returned to the north with the emperor, queen and crown prince. All drivers, halogen books, cars from the Empress, crown dresses, ritual vessels, implements, musical instruments from Taylor and Jiao Fang, ritual vessels, eight treasures, Jiuding, Guibi, armillary sphere, bronze figures, carved leaks, ancient ships, offerings from Jingling Palace, books from Taiqing Building, secret pavilions, maps of state capitals in the world, officials and my wife. Among them, some generals and officers at all levels in the Jin army took advantage of the war and searched everywhere. Therefore, there are also a lot of treasures falling into their pockets. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is an old collection of Song Palace, so it was brought to Zhongdu (Beijing) of Jin State, but it did not enter Jin State Palace, but became a private collection. It was said before that the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival was introduced to the people in 1 126, and it was clearly recorded in the Song Dynasty that it was the summer and April of the second year of Jingkang (A.D. 1 127).
The second question: From the second year of Jingkang (1 127) to11in the summer of April, 1986, who kept the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in Beijing? This question is likely to become a mystery in The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.
3. 1 186 (Jin Yuan: Bingwu Year of Dading) The first inscription of Zhang Zhu's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.
Postscript of Zhang Zhu's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in Dading (1 186). The full text of the postscript reads: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan is the right word, and Wu Dong is also a native. When I was young, I studied in Beijing, and later I learned to draw. I especially like boats and cars, Shiqiao and Guo Jing. I'm not married. There is a cloud in the picture:' the auction picture of the West Lake and the picture of the Qingming Riverside are selected as sacred objects', which should be treasured by Tibetans. Postscript of Zhangzhu in Yanshan Mountain on the second day after Qingming Festival in Dading (from China Calligraphy and Painting Newspaper), Mr. Liu Zheng wrote: "The riverside scene on Qingming Festival is an anecdote". Whenever this article is quoted again, it is indicated by superscript [4]. Author's press: Xiang Tu Ji should be Xiang Ping Tu Ji). Although Zhang Zhu's inscription is simple, it is indispensable. Its important achievement is that the name of the author of this painting is handed down.
The third doubt: Is Zhang Zhu a adherent of the Northern Song Dynasty?
Mr. Yang Xin said: "... Zhang Zhu, Zhang Gongyao, Li Quan, Wang Qing and Zhang Shiqi are all adherents after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. They looked at the photo and remembered their old country. The former prosperity is now in ruins, and it feels almost the same. " (Excerpted from "Into the National Treasure" written by Mr. Yang Xin? Tomb-Sweeping Day, the picture shows the palace gate going out in four directions and entering in five directions-a Millennium case-solving. In the following, whenever this article is cited again, it is indicated by the above mark [5]). Mr. Liu Zheng said: "Later, the so-called' Golden Dead Old Man' and others wrote poems and chanted, which proved that this picture was circulated in the north after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty ..." [4].
The author thinks that Zhang Zhu should occupy a place in the study of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, and he should be as clear as possible about his situation. It took the author a lot of time to clarify whether he was a "survivor after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty" or one of the five "old people who lost their money", which is still useful in the research.
According to Ci Hai, "adherents" refer to "people left after the robbery" and "people who did not serve in the new dynasty after the change of dynasty". According to these two definitions, the author thinks that Zhang Zhu himself should not be a "adherent left after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty" or a "person who failed to serve in the new dynasty after the change of dynasty". The reason is that "Zhang Zhu was born in the Jin Dynasty and was awarded the title of royal calligraphy and painting in the fifth year of Taihe (1205)" (from the article "Appraisal Common Sense" published by Ding Huang of Zhejiang University Art Department on Century New Art Network). If Zhang Zhu was awarded the title of royal calligraphy and painting collection in 1205, he must be at least 80 years old. Therefore, Zhang Zhu himself should not be a "adherent left behind after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty" (it cannot be ruled out that his elders are not "adherents"). In addition, from the point of view of "also refers to the people who don't serve in the new dynasty after the replacement of generations", Zhang Zhu is not qualified as a adherent of the Northern Song Dynasty. Because I haven't read Zhang Zhu's poems expressing adherents, I just question them.
Fourth doubt: Where or who saw The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zhu, Zhang Gongyao, Li Quan, Wang Qing and Zhang Shiqi?
This question was first raised and made public by Mr. Yang Xin, the former president and researcher of the Palace Museum. In the past, people only knew that these five people were the first to write inscriptions and recite poems. In particular, Zhang Zhu and other five people saw the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival there? Will lead people to explore, reason and even guess. The author followed the questions raised by Mr. Yang Xin, and discussed them by questioning and reasoning.
People can't help asking, why did Zhang Zhu write an inscription? And the postscript. Why is Zhang Zeduan specially introduced?
It has been 60 years since the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty to Zhang Zhu's inscription. Why did he go to so much trouble to find information? It is still a question whether he can see Xuanhe's paintings. Even if he saw it, there was no introduction from the author of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. It probably took Zhang Zhu a long time to finally find the author of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the book On Xiangjia Painting. Only after completing this search preparation can he write a postscript to this content. If you see this painting from a friend, you can only appreciate it, even if it is an inscription, and you can only write appreciation. You won't go to so much trouble to verify the author of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival for other people's paintings. People naturally ask, under normal circumstances, who would do this? The author believes that unless it is the holder of this picture scroll. In addition, judging from the inscription of 19, Zhang Zhu awarded Jin Guo the post of "imperial court painting and calligraphy supervisor", he should know both painting and calligraphy, as well as appraisal, as well as hobbies and collections.
Among the numerous inscriptions and postscript of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, there is one such example: Lu Wan is the holder of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, and he probably wanted to know more about Zhang Zeduan, so he checked the related books written in Song Dynasty, but he couldn't find one in Xuanhe Scene, so he suspected that Cai Jing deliberately didn't write one in the postscript. That is to say, Lu finished the topic: "Xuanhe's works, calligraphy and painting are presented to Cai Jing"). This is a powerful evidence for the holder to verify the author of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. The same is probably true in Zhang Zhu. Only when Zhang Zhu, the first folk holder (who was not an official at that time), introduced the author's postscript would four little-known "old men who lost money" mention the postscript and write poems. Accordingly, the author boldly guesses that the owner of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival should be Zhang Zhu.