Modern society requires citizens to have good humanistic and scientific literacy, innovative spirit, cooperative consciousness and open vision, basic abilities in many aspects including reading comprehension, expression and communication, and the ability to collect and process information by using modern technology. Chinese education should and can bring up a new generation of people needed by modern society and play an important role. In order to meet the needs of social development, the evaluation purpose and method should be reformed systematically.
The reform of Chinese curriculum in nine-year compulsory education should be guided by Marxism and scientific education theory, sum up the gains and losses of Chinese education in China, learn from the experience of mother tongue education reform in other countries, follow the laws of Chinese education, and strive to build a Chinese curriculum suitable for the development of modern society, so as to play its due role in cultivating students' ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality and so on.
I. the nature and position of the course
Chinese is the most important communication tool and an important part of human culture. The unity of instrumentality and humanism is the basic feature of Chinese curriculum.
Chinese curriculum should be devoted to the formation and development of students' Chinese literacy. Chinese literacy is the basis for students to learn other courses well, and it is also the basis for students' all-round development and lifelong development. The multiple functions and foundation role of Chinese course determine its important position in the nine-year compulsory education stage.
Second, the basic concept of the course
(1) Improve students' Chinese literacy in an all-round way.
Chinese courses in the nine-year compulsory education stage must be geared to all students, so that students can acquire basic Chinese literacy. Chinese course should cultivate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland's language, guide students to correctly understand and use the motherland's language, enrich language accumulation, cultivate language sense, develop thinking, and make them have the ability of literacy, reading, writing and oral communication to meet the actual needs. Chinese curriculum should also pay attention to improving students' moral cultivation and aesthetic taste, so that they can gradually form good personality and sound personality, and promote the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
[2] correctly grasp the characteristics of Chinese education.
The rich humanistic connotation of Chinese curriculum has a profound influence on people's spiritual field, and students' reactions to Chinese materials are often diverse. Therefore, we should attach importance to the influence of Chinese, pay attention to the value orientation of teaching content, and also respect students' unique experience in the learning process.
Chinese is a practical course, so we should focus on cultivating students' Chinese practical ability, and the main way to cultivate this ability should also be Chinese practice, instead of deliberately pursuing the system and integrity of Chinese knowledge. Chinese is also a mother tongue education course, and learning resources and practical opportunities are everywhere. Therefore, students should be exposed to Chinese materials more directly and master the rules of using Chinese in a lot of Chinese practice.
Chinese courses should also consider the influence of the characteristics of Chinese language on literacy, writing, reading, oral communication and students' thinking development, and pay special attention to cultivating a good sense of language and the ability to grasp the whole in teaching.
(3) actively advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods.
students are the main body of learning and development. Chinese curriculum must be based on the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and Chinese learning, pay attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs, cherish students' curiosity and thirst for knowledge, fully stimulate students' initiative and enterprising spirit, and advocate independent, cooperative and inquiry learning methods. The determination of teaching content, the choice of teaching methods and evaluation methods should all contribute to the formation of this learning method.
Comprehensive Chinese learning is conducive to students' comprehensive improvement of Chinese literacy in independent activities of interest; It is an important way to cultivate students' initiative to explore, unite and cooperate, and be brave in innovation, and should be actively advocated.
(D) Strive to build an open and dynamic Chinese curriculum.
Chinese curriculum should be rooted in reality and face the world and the future. We should broaden the field of Chinese learning and application, pay attention to interdisciplinary learning and the application of modern scientific and technological means, so that students can broaden their horizons, improve their learning efficiency and initially acquire the Chinese practical ability needed by modern society through the intersection, infiltration and integration of different contents and methods.
Chinese curriculum should be open and innovative, meet the needs of different regions, different schools and different students as much as possible, and be able to constantly adjust itself and update and develop according to the needs of society. We should pay close attention to the process of informatization in contemporary society and promote the reform and development of language courses.
Third, the design ideas of curriculum standards
1. The curriculum objectives have been designed as a whole for nine years. Under the "overall goal", the curriculum standard puts forward the "stage goal" according to the four learning stages of grades 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-9, which reflects the integrity and stage of Chinese curriculum.
2. The curriculum objectives are designed according to three dimensions: knowledge and ability, process and method, emotional attitude and values. The three aspects penetrate each other and blend into one, paying attention to the overall improvement of Chinese literacy. Each period is interrelated and spirals, and finally the overall goal is achieved in an all-round way.
3. The stage goal puts forward requirements from four aspects: literacy and writing, reading and writing (writing in primary school grades 1-2, exercise and oral communication in grades 3-6). The curriculum standard also puts forward the requirement of "comprehensive learning" to strengthen the connection between Chinese curriculum and other courses and life, and promote the overall promotion and coordinated development of students' language ability such as listening, speaking, reading and writing.
4. In the "implementation suggestions" part of the curriculum standards, the principles, methods and strategies of implementation are put forward for the compilation of teaching materials, the development and utilization of curriculum resources, teaching and evaluation, which also leaves room for creation for concrete implementation.
Part II Course Objectives
1. Overall objectives
1. In the process of Chinese learning, cultivate patriotic feelings and socialist moral quality, gradually form a positive attitude towards life and correct values, and improve cultural taste and aesthetic taste.
2. Understand the richness of Chinese culture and absorb the wisdom of national culture. Care about contemporary cultural life, respect diverse cultures, and absorb the nutrition of excellent human culture.
3. Cultivate the emotion of loving the language and characters of the motherland, develop self-confidence and good habits in Chinese learning, and master the most basic Chinese learning methods.
4. While developing language ability, develop thinking ability, stimulate imagination and creative potential. Gradually develop a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and advocating true knowledge, and initially master scientific thinking methods.
5. Be able to actively carry out inquiry learning and learn and use Chinese in practice.
6. Learn Chinese Pinyin. Can speak Mandarin. Know about 35 commonly used Chinese characters. Can write Chinese characters correctly and neatly, and has a certain speed.
7. Have the ability to read independently, pay attention to emotional experience, have rich accumulation, and form a good sense of language. Learn to use a variety of reading methods. Can understand and appreciate literary works, be influenced by noble sentiments and interests, develop personality and enrich one's spiritual world. Can read simple classical Chinese with the help of reference books. The total amount of extracurricular reading in nine years should be more than 4 million words.
8. Be able to express your meaning concretely and clearly. Be able to write with common expressions according to the needs of daily life.
9. Have the basic ability of daily oral communication, learn to listen, express and communicate in various communication activities, initially learn to conduct interpersonal communication and social interaction in a civilized way, and develop the spirit of cooperation.
1. Learn to use commonly used Chinese reference books. Initially have the ability to collect and process information.
second, the stage goal
the first stage (grade 1-2)
(1) literacy and writing
1. I like learning Chinese characters and have the desire to read actively.
2. Know 16 ~ 18 commonly used Chinese characters, of which 8 ~ 1 can write.
3. Master the basic strokes and common radicals of Chinese characters; Be able to write with a hard pen according to the rules of stroke order, and pay attention to the shelf structure. Feel the beauty of Chinese characters.
4. Develop correct writing posture and good writing habits, and write regularly, correctly and neatly.
5. Learn Chinese Pinyin. Can read initials, finals, tones and syllables as a whole. Can spell syllables accurately and write initials, finals and syllables correctly. Know capital letters and memorize the Chinese phonetic alphabet.
6. Be able to read Chinese characters with the help of Chinese Pinyin. You can use word order and radical indexing to look up the dictionary and learn to read independently.
(2) reading
1. I like reading and feel the pleasure of reading.
2. Learn to read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
3. Learn to read silently, so that you don't make any noise and don't refer to reading.
4. read with the help of pictures in the reading materials.
5. Understand the meaning of words and phrases in the text according to the context and real life, and accumulate words in reading.
6. Read shallow fairy tales, fables and stories, yearn for beautiful situations, care about nature and life, have their own feelings and ideas about people and events of interest, and be willing to communicate with others.
7. Read nursery rhymes, nursery rhymes and simple ancient poems, expand your imagination, get a preliminary emotional experience and feel the beauty of the language.
8. Know the common punctuation marks in the text. In reading, experience the different tones expressed by periods, question marks and exclamation marks.
9. Accumulate your favorite idioms and aphorisms. Recite 5 excellent poems (paragraphs). The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 5 thousand words.
1. Love and care for books.
(3) writing
1. I am interested in writing, writing what I want to say, writing imaginary things, and writing my own understanding and feelings about things around me.
2. Be willing to use words learned from reading and life in writing.
3. Learn to use commas, periods, question marks and exclamation points according to the needs of expression.
(4) Oral communication
1. Learn to speak Mandarin and gradually develop the habit of speaking Mandarin.
2. Be able to listen to others carefully and try to understand the main content of the speech.
3. Listen to stories and watch audio-visual works, and repeat the main idea and wonderful plot.
4. Be able to tell short stories completely and briefly tell what you are interested in.
5. When talking with others, you are naturally generous and polite.
6. Have the confidence to express. Take an active part in discussions and express opinions on topics of interest.
(5) comprehensive study
1. Be curious about the surrounding things, be able to ask questions about the content of interest, and discuss with you in combination with extracurricular reading.
2. observe nature in combination with Chinese learning, and express your observations orally or graphically.
3. Take an active part in campus and community activities. In combination with activities, express your knowledge and ideas orally or graphically.
the second learning period (grades 3-4)
(1) Literacy and writing
1. Have a strong interest in learning Chinese characters and develop the habit of active literacy.
2. Accumulate 2,5 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 2, can write.
3. Be able to use dictionaries and dictionaries, and have a preliminary independent literacy ability.
4. be able to write block letters skillfully with hard pen, so as to be standardized, correct and tidy. Copy block letters with a brush.
(2) Reading
1. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2. Learn to read silently initially. Can ask questions about what you don't understand in the text.
3. Be able to relate to the context, understand the meaning of words and expressions, and appreciate the role of key words and expressions in the text in expressing ideas. Can understand the meaning of new words with the help of dictionaries, dictionaries and life accumulation.
4. be able to grasp the main content of the article and experience the thoughts and feelings expressed in the article.
5. Be able to retell the main idea of narrative works, feel the vivid images and beautiful language in the works, and communicate your reading feelings with others.
6. In the process of understanding sentences, understand the different usages of periods and commas, and understand the general usages of colons and quotation marks.
7. Learn to skim and get a rough idea of the article.
8. Accumulate beautiful words and wonderful sentences in the text, as well as language materials obtained in extracurricular reading and life.
9. Read excellent poems, pay attention to experience emotions during reading, and recite 5 excellent poems (paragraphs).
1. Develop the habit of reading books and newspapers, and collect and exchange books and materials with classmates. The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 4, words.
(3) Exercise
1. Pay attention to the things around you, be willing to express in writing, and enhance the self-confidence of the exercise.
2. Be able to write down what you have seen, felt and imagined in an informal way, and pay attention to expressing what you find novel and interesting, or what impressed you the most.
3. Willing to read your homework to others and share the happiness of your homework with others.
4. Be able to communicate in writing with short letters and notes.
5. Try to use the language materials accumulated by yourself in the exercise, especially the fresh words and phrases.
6. Use colons and quotation marks according to the needs of expression.
7. Learn to correct the words and expressions with obvious mistakes in the exercise.
8. The homework in class is about 16 times per academic year.
(4) Oral communication
1. Be able to talk with people in Mandarin. In the conversation, I can listen carefully, grasp the main points, and ask the other party for advice on what I don't understand, and discuss different opinions with others.
2. Listening to people can grasp the main content and briefly report it.
3. Be able to tell what you have seen and heard clearly, and express your feelings and thoughts.
4. Be able to tell stories concretely and actively, and try to impress others with words.
(5) Comprehensive study
1. Be able to ask questions in study and life and collect information purposefully. * * * Discuss with you.
2. combine Chinese learning, observe nature and society, and express your observations in writing and orally.
3. Be able to organize interesting Chinese activities under the guidance of teachers, learn Chinese in the activities and learn to cooperate.
4. Try to use Chinese knowledge and ability to solve simple problems in family life and school life.
The third period (grades 5-6)
(1) Literacy and writing
1. Strong independent literacy skills. Accumulated knowledge of 3 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 25 can write.
2. Write regular script with hard pen, with neat lines and a certain speed.
3. You can write regular script with a brush and experience the beauty of Chinese characters in writing.
(2) Reading
1. Be able to read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2. Silent reading has a certain speed, and reading general books silently is not less than 3 words per minute.
3. Be able to read with the help of a dictionary, understand the proper meaning of words in the language environment, and distinguish the emotional color of words.
4. In connection with the context and one's own accumulation, infer the connotation of relevant words and expressions in the text and realize their expressive effect.
5. Try to figure out the expression order of the article, understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and initially understand the basic expression methods of the article. In communication and discussion, dare to put forward your own views and make your own judgments.
6. After reading the explanatory article, you can grasp the main points and understand the basic explanation methods of the article.
7. Read narrative works, understand the outline of the event, briefly describe the scenes, people and details that impress you the most, and tell your feelings such as likes, dislikes, reverences, longings and sympathies. Reading poetry,