And take measures such as fortification, reclamation and resettlement to continuously enrich and strengthen the construction of Hexi.
In the sixth year of Ding Yuan in the Han Dynasty (11years ago), Jiuquan and Wuwei were respectively assigned to Dunhuang and Zhangye counties.
From Lingju (now Yongdeng) to Yanze (now Lop Nur), the Great Wall and beacon tower were built, and Yangguan and Yumenguan were set up, which were called "four counties, according to two customs" in history, ensuring the smooth flow of the Silk Road.
Since then, China's silk and advanced technology have spread to Central Asia, West Asia and Europe.
Jade, agate, rare birds and animals, crops, etc. It was transported from Europe, the Mediterranean coast and the western region to the Central Plains.
Ambassadors, soldiers, businessmen and monks from all over the world come and go in Dunhuang, the main road of the Silk Road.
Dunhuang has become the "throat lock key" for Chinese and western traffic.
At that time, Dunhuang had a vast territory and governed six counties.
West to Longle Yangguan, east to Yolanda (now Yumen City West), north to Yiwu (now Hami City), south to Xiqiang (now Qaidam, Qinghai Province).
During the hundreds of years from the establishment of the county in the Western Han Dynasty to the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, although the Silk Road has undergone several twists and turns, Dunhuang has gradually presented a prosperous scene, and gradually developed into a military and political center, a cultural and commercial center in the northwest, and a metropolis of "Huarong Road University".
During this period, Dunhuang culture was developed, celebrities came forth in large numbers, and talented people came forth in large numbers: Zhang Huan, a brave frontier conqueror, Gai Xun, a courtier with a deep understanding of righteousness, Hou Jin, a talented great writer, and Zhang Zhi, a famous brother calligrapher who was called "Cao Sheng" and "Yasheng".
Yongjia fell, the Western Jin Dynasty perished, the Jin family moved south, and the Eastern Jin regime was established.
In the vast northern areas, there has been a scuffle and separatist situation between the "five lakes" and the "sixteen countries".
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Hexi region successively established feudal regimes such as former cool, later cool, southern cool, western cool and northern cool.
In the pre-Zhangliang period, Dunhuang was changed to sandbar.
In 400 AD, Gaoli proclaimed himself emperor and established Xiliang country.
Dunhuang became the capital for the first time in history, and later died in Beiliang.
When Liang Qian, Xiliang and Beiliang successively ruled Hexi region, they paid more attention to the internal affairs, the safety of the people and the environment, but ignored the thin tax, the persuasion of farmers and mulberry, and the worship of Confucianism to promote education.
Make Hexi region social stability, economic prosperity and cultural prosperity.
During this period, Liangzhou has become the cultural center of northern China, and Dunhuang is the cultural center of Liangzhou, with many celebrities and scholars.
Suo Jing, Zhong Yan, Zhang Biao, Su Xujie and Yong Suo, known as the "Five Dragons of Dunhuang", were all great writers at that time.
Suo Jing is also a famous calligrapher in history.
Professor Song Xian, Guo and Liu Ribing, the masters of Confucian classics in Dunhuang, taught hundreds to thousands of people. The Records of Thirteen States by Dunhuang Renkan is an important geographical work in ancient China.
There are also astronomers Zhao and some well-known scholars in Dunhuang, such as Suoai, Suoai, and Suo Ai.
During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the Central Plains was contending with each other, wars broke out everywhere, people were displaced and in dire straits, while Hexi became a relatively stable area.
A large number of scholars, Confucianism, scholars and ordinary people in the Central Plains left their homes and fled to Hexi for refuge, bringing advanced culture and production technology.
In particular, Buddhism introduced from Han and Wei dynasties flourished in Dunhuang.
People suffering from war fell at the feet of Buddha, hoping to get rid of suffering and live a happy and stable life.
Dunhuang is the gateway and gateway of Buddhism spreading to the east, and also the center of Buddhism in Hexi area.
There are a lot of Buddhist monks giving lectures in Dunhuang.
Many Buddhist disciples from all over Hexi come here to study.
For example, Zhu Fahu, a master of classics translation who lives in Dunhuang; Song Yun and other Dunhuang people went to India to study Buddhism.
Fa Xian, Kumarajiva and other Buddhist masters have left footprints in Dunhuang no matter where they go.
In 366, two years before the founding of the Qin Dynasty, Monk Le Zun first opened a cave to worship Buddha in Daquan Valley at the foot of Sanwei Mountain, and the Mogao Grottoes were born.
After that, the practice of making Buddha by opening holes continued for thousands of years, creating the world-famous Dunhuang art.
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