Emperor Wu Zhang (58-88), named Liu Wei, was the third emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty (75-88 reigned). He reigned for 13 years, only 3 1, and was buried in Jingling (now southeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province). Temple name Su Zong, Emperor Zhang Xiao. After Zhang Di ascended the throne, he made great efforts to govern the country, attached importance to agriculture and mulberry, built water conservancy projects, reduced corvee, had simple food and clothing, and practiced "sharing interest with the people" and "being good at Confucianism", which made the economy and culture of the Eastern Han Dynasty develop greatly at this time. At this time, his thoughts are also active, such as Wang Chong. At this time, politics was clear and the economy was prosperous. Emperor Zhang also sent Ban Chao to the Western Regions twice, which made the Western Regions known as the vassals of the Han Dynasty again, and the Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor Han Ming called it "the rule of governance". There is no doubt that Emperor Zhang is a wise master. However, Zhang indulged his consorts too much, which led to the exclusive rights of consorts in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and laid a curse for the exclusive rights of consorts and eunuchs in the future.
Yongping ascended the throne in the 18th year (75 years), and was in office from September 5th, 75 to April 9th, 88, totally fourteen years. During his reign, he was generous except that all relatives were forbidden to be involved in treason abroad. Order criminals to reduce their sentences and move to border areas. In addition to more than 50 articles on cruel punishment, ministers and Chen Chong discussed the prohibition of torture. Private cooking and casting of salt and iron are prohibited. Pay attention to the election of officials, and take cheap officials as the guarantee of political clarity. Crack down on the annexation of land by powerful landlords, adopt preferential policies to support the people and reclaim land, encourage population growth and reduce corvee tax. Advocating Confucianism, in the eighth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (83 years), outstanding students were selected to study Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, Gu Liang's Spring and Autumn Annals, History of Ancient Literature and Shi Mao. Because there are many differences among the philosophers, it is equivalent to concentrating the philosophers and doctors to discuss the similarities and differences of the Five Classics, and ordering Ban Gu to compile the results of the discussion into a book, which is called "White Tiger with Tongde Theory" (also known as "White Tiger Yi Tong" and "White Tiger Yi Tong"), systematically absorbing the knowledge of Yin and Yang, five elements, divination and so on, forming the main arguments of the Confucian Classics School, which is the further development of Confucian mysticism philosophy since then. Calendar reform began with the quarterly calendar written by Li Fan and others.
After Zhang Han ascended the throne, he made great efforts to govern, attached importance to agriculture and mulberry, built water conservancy projects, reduced corvee, had simple food and clothing, and practiced "sharing interest with the people" and "being good at Confucianism", which made the economy and culture of the Eastern Han Dynasty develop greatly at this time. At this time, his thoughts are also active, such as Wang Chong. At this time, politics was clear and the economy was prosperous. Emperor Zhang also sent Ban Chao to the Western Regions twice, making the Western Regions a vassal of the Han Dynasty again. Because the Ming and Zhang Dynasties generally inherited the policy of guangwu, made great efforts to govern, and made great achievements in the rule of civil and military affairs, it was called "the rule of Zhang Ming" in history. However, due to the excessive elevation of Confucianism, some officials pursued vanity, lost reality and began to corrupt. Moreover, Emperor Zhang indulged in consorts too much, which led to consorts' autocracy in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and laid a distant foundation for consorts' autocracy and eunuch dictatorship in the future.
In the second year of Zhanghe (88), Emperor Gaozu Zhang died in Zhang Deqian Hall at the age of 33. His name is Zhang Xiao, the temple name is Su Zong, and he was buried in Han Jingling (now southeast of Luoyang, Henan).
Johnny's laws and regulations are indeed lenient. For example, according to the system of the Eastern Han Dynasty, officials were imprisoned for three generations, that is, three generations were not allowed to be officials. Zhang abolished this system. However, the rewards given by Emperor Zhang to officials and nobles often exceeded the prescribed limits, causing financial difficulties for the country and shifting these burdens to the people. It can be seen that Johnny's generosity is not entirely based on principles.
Sometimes, some of Zhang Di's decrees and punishments are not based on facts, but on the study of predicting disasters. In the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (76), there was a drought in Yanzhou, Henan, Xu and other States, and the hungry people were everywhere. On the one hand, Emperor Zhang mobilized the national treasury to provide emergency relief to the hungry people, on the other hand, he called ministers to discuss solutions. According to the popular view at that time, successive years of drought and famine were due to the imbalance of yin and yang and related to political affairs. Situ Baoyu lamented the shortcomings of the times: "A few years ago, he ruled the British prison of the King of Chu and arrested hundreds of people. Not all these people are guilty, and I'm afraid half of those involved in jail are wronged. People sentenced to prison are far away from home, separated from their flesh and blood, and their souls cannot rest in peace when they die. This has led to the imbalance between yin and yang and floods and droughts. Now it is better to pardon these criminals, lift their imprisonment and let them go home and reunite with their loved ones. This may bring harmony, dew in the sky, alleviate drought and alleviate the suffering of the Lebanese people. " Chen Chong, Minister of State, also said: "Governing the country is like tuning the tune. If the string is adjusted too tightly, it will break, and if the punishment is too severe, it will cause people's dissatisfaction. I suggest that your majesty further reduce the punishment. " Zhang listened to their advice, granted amnesty to the whole world and reduced his punishment.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang implemented a leniency policy and cancelled the previous ban that all relatives were not allowed to participate in treason. Order criminals to reduce their sentences and move to border areas. In addition to more than 50 articles on cruel punishment, ministers and Chen Chong discussed the prohibition of torture. Private cooking and casting of salt and iron are prohibited. Pay attention to the election of officials, and take cheap officials as the guarantee of political clarity. Crack down on the annexation of land by powerful landlords, adopt preferential policies to support the people and reclaim land, encourage population growth and reduce corvee tax.
During the reign of Emperor Han Ming, Ban Chao was ordered to send an envoy to the Western Regions, so that all the departments in the Western Regions could have a panoramic view, and the central government set up a capital protection department there. However, there are still wars in the region and the situation is not calm. At the beginning of Zhang's accession to the throne, the border was in turmoil again. Yanqi, Qiuci and Che joined forces with the northern Xiongnu to attack the central military and political headquarters, and the situation was quite tense. Emperor Zhang called his ministers to discuss countermeasures, and everyone wanted to postpone it, but Stuart urged immediate reinforcements. Zhang adopted Bao Xian's suggestion and sent troops to the west to save the border crisis.
However, Emperor Zhang hesitated whether to continue to operate the Western Regions, and ministers also argued endlessly. Due to the practical difficulties of manpower and material resources, Zhang finally gave up the Western Regions and ordered the Han Dynasty personnel stranded in the Western Regions to return to China.
At this time, Ban Chao lived in Shule, and also received a letter of withdrawal. He packed his luggage, got his horses ready and prepared to return to his long-lost motherland. After living in the western regions for many years, he was reluctant to go, and the people in the western regions also loved and respected him. Hearing that Ban Chao was going back to China, Shule people were dismayed, because Ban Chao had a way to deal with the Huns. With Ban Chao gone, there will be no peace in the world. A Shule captain pulled out a long knife and cried all over his face. He sighed to Tianchang: "The envoys of the Han Dynasty left me, and our country will be destroyed by the Huns. Instead of dying the next day, it is better to follow Special Envoy Han today and send him back! " Say, kill yourself with a knife. Although Ban Chao was inseparable, the king's life had to be diverted to the east. Soon arrived in Khotan, Khotan people stopped to meet Ban Chao. When they heard that he would return to the East, they all burst into tears. People nearby knelt on Ban Chao's lap and wouldn't let him leave. Ban Chao had no choice but to stay. At the same time, he also wrote to the emperor Zhang, asking him to stay in the Western Regions. Zhang agreed to Ban Chao's request.
Ban Chao united the people of all ethnic groups in the western regions and effectively curbed the invasion of the northern Xiongnu. All the countries in the western regions except Qiuci are willing to submit to the Han Dynasty. In the sixth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (83), Ban Chao wrote to Emperor Zhang in Shule, requesting to send troops for support and surrender to Qiuci, thus realizing the strategic intention of "breaking the right arm of Xiongnu". Zhang Di supported Ban Chao's plan and enrolled officials to go. Just then, Xu Gan, a native of Ping Ling, volunteered to write a letter to North Korea, wishing to make contributions to other countries. Emperor Zhang was overjoyed and called him a pseudo Sima. He led an expeditionary force of more than 1000 people to the west to rescue Ban Chao. Among the western countries, Wusun is the most powerful. Ban Chao asked Emperor Zhang to send messengers to express condolences to Wusun. Emperor Zhang agreed to Ban Chao's request and sent messengers to Wusun. King Wusun was very happy. In the eighth year of Yu Jianchu (85), he sent envoys to pay a return visit to the Han Dynasty to show his friendship. In the Western Regions, the Han Dynasty received such great national support that Emperor Zhang felt very satisfied. So Ban Chao was promoted to be a general, and he was granted the right to represent the Eastern Han Dynasty in the Western Regions. Ban Chao's prestige in the Western Regions increased greatly due to its close ties with the Central Committee of the Han Dynasty, especially due to Wu Sun's attachment. All the countries in the western regions were willing to be controlled by Ban Chao, which paved the way for the later emperors to get through the close ties with the western regions again in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Liu Wei, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was also a famous calligrapher. His cursive script is very famous, which is the popular "Cao Zhang" in later generations. The prosperity of a dynasty depends on the mind of an emperor. Liu Weizhong, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was benevolent, which made the Han Dynasty at its peak and became a celebrity throughout the ages.