(March 29, 2020)
Original title: Brief Analysis of Ritual Monument and Zhang Qianbei
20 17-04-09 13:00
The analysis and comparison between "Adult Ritual Monument" and "Zhang Qianbei", and the combination of the two pen methods.
-A Brief Analysis of the Book of Rites and Zhang Qianbei
Ceremony Monument (Part)
Zhang Qianbei Law Post
Lishu developed from the Warring States to the Eastern Han Dynasty, gradually matured and reached a peak. The Han tablet has left us a lot of classic materials for studying official script, which is unique and distinctive. Among many masterpieces handed down from ancient times, The Book of Rites and Zhang Qianbei have to be mentioned. The ceremony monument was born in 156, and Zhang Qianbei was 30 years later than the ceremony monument. These two inscriptions are of great artistic value. Throughout the ages, many official documents have drawn artistic nutrients from it. Over time, it has become a model for people to learn official script.
In the study and creation of official script, I think we should grasp three levels, one is statutes, the other is meteorology, and the third is implication. To learn official script, we must first start with norms, that is, statutes. Clinical research should choose a regular and rule-based model. That is, the mature official script with temple spirit in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Meteorology is the most basic tone of official script, and it is also the soul of official script works, which embodies the fair meteorology of official script. The creation of official script emphasizes change, but the real successful change is actually to master the law and have a deep understanding and mastery of the statutes before pursuing change. Similarly, if we strictly abide by the statutes, but can't see the weather, such official script creation is limited. Of course, we should also pay attention to grasping the meaning in the creation of official script. Because the Han Li we wrote is basically carved in stone, and the handwriting is mottled and illegible, many people only focus on its epigraphy when writing it in ink, so the words written will appear artificial and lacking in nature. We can see the ink of the Han Dynasty from the unearthed Han bamboo slips and experience the fluency of ancient people's writing. With the reference of stone carvings and bamboo slips, our official script can be golden and full of books, reaching a natural writing state.
Statue Monument and Zhang Qianbei are mainly represented by decrees, but both have meteorological support, which shows their significance. In particular, some characters in the yin and side of the tablet in the Book of Rites directly correspond to the ink written in the unearthed Han bamboo slips. The Book of Rites Monument is a collection of official books, which Shu once raised to the height of "the first monument in Han Dynasty". "Li Bei" is full of changes and laws in pen and structure, and at the same time it embodies some characteristics of Han Li, so it has become a model post especially suitable for beginners, and it can also be said to be a key to learning official script. On the pen, the characters in the bar mitzvah tablet seem to have thin strokes, but in fact, the strokes can be written into the paper like a blade. This processing not only makes the strokes powerful, but also has a downward vertical extension. In the process of learning calligraphy, we will inevitably face the problems of pen depth and verticality, and the ceremony tablet gives an excellent answer here. In addition, the memorial tablet seems to be upright in structure, but if you go deep into it, you will find that its internal manners are myriad and contain endless changes.
Different from the ritual tablet, there are many China pens in Zhang Qianbei, and the brush is mainly circulated, which is relatively the same in Fiona Fang. On the other hand, "Li Bei" is a kind of pen with clear lines, which is used to enter paper. After comparing the two, we can find that the pen in The Book of Rites emphasizes the depth, while the pen in Zhang Qianbei emphasizes the horizontal. When we combine their pen features in writing, our works will become three-dimensional. In addition, we can also see from the zigzag structure that there is a positive and negative relationship between the sacrificial tablet and Zhang Qianbei, which echoes each other. The characters in "Li Bei" are tight at the top and loose at the bottom, tight in the middle palace, and inward and outward, reflecting a divergent force that emanates from the heart. Zhang Qianbei's characters are rather tight, putting inside and taking outside, and there is an atmosphere of gathering from the outside to the middle.
Comparatively speaking, Li Bei and Zhang Qianbei are both post bars, and the other is post bar. "Ritual Monument" is the entrance and "Zhang Qianbei" is the exit. We can also understand the ritual monument as a constant, while Zhang Qianbei is a variable. Some people think that the ceremony tablet is standardized, but Zhang Qianbei is not. Some people think that Zhang Qianbei is immature and was written by an immature calligrapher. Some people think that there is something wrong with the sculptor, and various reasons, such as mottled wind and sand, make Zhang Qianbei's Chinese characters simple and vigorous. In fact, I think Zhang Qianbei's handling of characters is an artistic consciousness, which is a change, extension and sublimation on the basis of the unchanging ceremony monument. After we have the foundation of the ceremony monument, we should pay attention to the variables in Zhang Qianbei.
In addition, The Book of Rites and Zhang Qianbei are both official script classics with temple spirit, so we should pay attention to the combination of them in the research process. The models we are learning now are all cut-out versions, and the relationship between words is misplaced. After being cut and framed together, the content will give people a feeling of jumping and disharmony. This is particularly prominent in Zhang Qianbei, because its handwriting is very square, or relatively simple, and it is easy to leave a blunt impression on future generations. But in fact, if we look at the original monument, it is very stable and peaceful. Whether reading or posting, we need to take into account the internal relationship between part and whole, and have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of what we have learned. We are actually writing about your understanding of it, and we are not limited to reproducing a word.
We must not let go and bypass the study of classical models. Of course, you can't write copybooks for years. Classic mode should be read and written frequently. Although Li Bei and Zhang Qianbei have their own characteristics, if they only focus on one aspect, they will not feel the characteristics for a long time, and many people will lose their interest and motivation in writing at this time. Therefore, in addition to perseverance and persistence, it is also important to constantly sort out a set of good learning methods. "Ritual Monument" and "Zhang Qianbei" are two good examples that must be mastered in learning official script, but optical monuments alone are not enough. Other Han steles can be used as reference materials for study. Based on these two inscriptions, we build a shelf and then enrich it. In fact, the practice of other calligraphy styles is also of great benefit to the writing of official script. For example, the implication of cursive script and the fluency of writing will also play an auxiliary role in official script; Seal script makes official script more ancient and vigorous.
After a brief analysis of the characteristics and similarities and differences between The Book of Rites and Zhang Qianbei, this paper studies the writing methods of several basic strokes in The Book of Rites, analyzes the structural characteristics of the emblem and compound words, and combines the representative model figures in The Book of Rites and Zhang Qianbei to deeply analyze the characteristics of different model figures and grasp the direction.
What is a single character? It is a word composed of basic strokes. The structural difference between official script, regular script and cursive script mainly lies in posture. As we know, regular script and cursive script take an oblique posture, which is generally low left and high right. For example, write a horizontal map, low left and high right. Official script is relatively flat, that is to say, it should be written higher, and it is forbidden to write official script in regular script or cursive script.
(1) The writing of the word "no" does not intersect with the three strokes.
Let's look at the word "no" first. We have repeatedly stressed that we should practice basic strokes in structure, and the different forms of strokes should be arranged according to specific glyphs. Just like the horizontal painting of the word "no", we write horizontally, because it is on the top and it has to cover the bottom. This lateral treatment is neither uneven nor prone, so we must pay attention to its curvature. In the order of strokes, we should pay attention to the left first and then the right. When writing a stroke with a left stroke, pay attention to the horizontal stroke and the intersection with the left stroke. Pressing it is a vertical pen, and the characteristics of horizontal pen and vertical pen should be shown. Then, stippling is just put in a suitable position. Next, put the vertical painting on the right, and the starting point of the vertical painting with the word "no" is not at the intersection of the left and right. Why do you treat vertical like this? Here is a request. Either way, the basic requirement is that three strokes cannot intersect, which is referred to as "three strokes do not intersect". In the study, we need to observe and summarize these details.
The writing of the word "no" does not intersect with the three strokes.
① The range of strokes is arranged in different stroke forms according to specific characters.
(2) The characteristics of flat and vertical si shall be displayed.
③ A vertical painting without words cannot intersect with the left and right strokes at the same time, and the three strokes do not intersect.
(B) the writing of the word "Wang"
Next, let's look at the word "Wang" in the Book of Rites. The word "Wang" painted horizontally on it means leaning down, and leaning down means downward. The radian of this item is drawn relative to the shear wave below, which is different from writing "no". We say that there should be changes in length, pitch and back and forth between strokes. The word "Wang" has also changed. The horizontal line above is prone, the horizontal line in the middle is flat, and the horizontal wave painting below is the horizontal line. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the vertical position, which is somewhat similar to the S-shape. It is absolutely impossible to write as much as several strokes. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the space outside the word "Wang", which is also flat. We know that regular script is vertical, so we can use shorter strokes to highlight a horizontal painting. On the other hand, official script is flat, and its horizontal drawing length is also different, but the contrast is not as strong as regular script.
The spelling of the word Wang
① The length, weight, pitch and front and back of strokes should be changed.
(2) The head is horizontal, the middle is horizontal, and the bottom is horizontal.
(3) the left and right margins are also flat.
(C) the writing of the word "nine"
Let's look at these nine words again. The word "nine" is asymmetric and has a density relationship. The strokes of the left stroke should still extend in a flat direction, which can strengthen the intimate relationship between the horizontal stroke and the left stroke. Then put the vertical hook out to form a space with strong contrast between the left and right.
How to write nine words
① The word "nine" is asymmetrical, and there is a close relationship between horizontal and left.
② When closing the pen, release the vertical hook to show the density contrast.
(4) The word "Shang" in the text.
When writing the word "Shang", be careful to write it vertically on the left, not in the middle. Because there is a horizontal line connected with the vertical line, this horizontal line is an important factor reflecting the balance of the center of gravity of the word. The vertical one should have an S-like shape to avoid rigidity, and then the short horizontal direction on the vertical one should be lower. Pay attention when writing, the two lines are slightly dense. In shear wave painting, when the pen is closed, the pen tip is issued, thus forming a knot that extends above and is tight below. We write this word vertically short because it is flat, but it is not appropriate to write it too flat. Although the word "Shang" is flat, it still tends to extend vertically. The characters in the Book of Rites are handled very skillfully, and many times the beauty lies in vertical writing. In the process of learning, we should pay attention to its morphological changes and avoid direct writing. Although there is nothing wrong with such a word, it lacks its original appearance.
The way to write words.
(1) Write vertically to the left, S-shaped, and don't write straight.
(2) There is a little density between the two transverse directions.
Although the word "Shang" is flat, it should be written vertically.
(5) Summarize the methods of grasping the relationship between strokes when writing words.
These words we talked about earlier all have the characteristics of fewer strokes. In fact, words with fewer strokes will be more difficult to write. Why? Because the letter combination requires high accuracy of each stroke. For example, if we write "one" and "two", the word "one" is only one stroke. If you don't write well, the words will be broken, and there is no room for later adjustment. The word "two" can't be written well at one stroke, but two strokes can be made up. Relatively speaking, the more strokes a word has, even if the previous writing is not particularly ideal, it can still be adjusted through the subsequent strokes. Sometimes, if adjusted well, it can produce wonderful and peculiar effects, and the glyph structure can even become more exciting. Therefore, when writing a single word, we should pay special attention to the accuracy of the relationship between each stroke, and don't think it is easy to write a single word with fewer strokes. I hope that through my explanation, you can further deepen your understanding of the "ritual monument". I also hope you can use it flexibly in your study and think about the relationship between pen and word. The relationship between words is not limited to a certain word, but only the pursuit of writing like. In fact, in the process of learning, we should not only write images, but also pay attention to its internal laws and subtle changes. This not only comes from our usual accumulation, but also takes into account our basic skills.
The figures with semi-enclosed structure and full-enclosed structure in the Book of Rites are mostly surrounded by two or more sides, and there are six basic forms, namely, upper left and lower right, upper right and lower left, lower left and upper right, upper left and lower left, upper left and lower right, upper left and lower right, upper left and lower right, lower left and upper left, lower left and lower left and lower left.
Upper left bag and lower right bag. Usually, the enclosed part needs to be moved slightly to the right. Although it is not symmetrical, the center of gravity is relatively stable. For example, the word "stone" is slightly staggered to the right when writing the part of "mouth", forming a strewn at random relationship, which seems to have a stability, and the word "jun" has a similar treatment in writing. The sketch of the "wide" part of the word "Miao" extends horizontally and the direction is horizontal. The enclosed part of the word "Miao" has more strokes, and the vertical painting of the "ten" part should be extended to reflect the horizontal and vertical contrast. In the part of "Moon", the enclosed area of "Light" should be written, and it should be moved slightly to the right, so that the overall shape of the word is equilateral triangle symmetry.
Upper left package and lower right package.
Stoneboog
(1) Move the mouth out to form a patchwork relationship, which not only achieves the stability of the characters, but also appears lively and not rigid.
temple
① There are many strokes in the enclosing part, and the ten-vertical painting should be elongated, which has a horizontal and vertical contrast relationship. The moon part should be written as a wide enclosed area.
(2) The glyph is symmetrical and there are regular triangular rows.
Pan> The second type: upper right bag and lower left bag. We focus on the vertical hook of "purple", which is different from the word "hole". The vertical hook of "purple" is not connected at the turning point, and the enclosed left half needs to be slightly staggered to the left to write the extension outside the word and create a sense of stability. The left half of the word "zai" also needs to be written to the left. Just like a person standing on one leg and stepping on the other, it is decisive and beautiful. When writing, we must pay attention to the similarities and differences between official script and other characters. Generally speaking, the "grid" tick in official script needs to be written horizontally, so that it can be distinguished from the vertical painting of the "car part" on the horizontal line, and the sketch is higher than the vertical painting, which is essentially different from the writing method in which the "grid" tick in regular script emphasizes vertical extension.
Upper right packaging lower left
purple
(1) purple vertical hook writing, unlike hole characters, vertical hook turning point is not picked.
② The closed part extends to the left.
load
The left half of the word is slightly written outside, which is relatively stable.
(2) The hook extends horizontally, and there is a difference between the hook and the car on the horizontal line.
The third type: lower left and upper right, most of these words contain the word "go". Taking the word "Zao" in the rite of passage as an example, we must pay attention to the weight of the water, and the foot next to "Zou Zhi" should extend to its strengths. Let's look at Zou again. The part surrounded by "walking" should be written in a narrower length, not too flat, and then spread your feet. The words written in this way are wider and more atmospheric, and also reflect the contrast of different parts.
Lower left packaging and upper right packaging
manufacture
(1) Three-point water pays attention to the comparison of light and heavy.
(2) Feet should reach out to your strengths, write wider, and the words look atmospheric.
beard
(1) Be careful not to write too flat.
(2) the extension of the protruding foot.
The fourth type: the upper package and the lower package. For example, if we write the word "Sheng", we will first fix the big strokes such as skimming and pressing, and then write other small strokes. Generally speaking, official script is not as orderly as regular script and cursive script. There is a direct correspondence between the strokes of regular script and cursive script, while official script has only an indirect reference relationship. For example, writing a horizontal painting, one stroke ends in turn, and the next stroke starts again, which has no echo relationship. When writing official script, the stroke order is often subordinate to the overall size relationship of the characters. Only by dealing with the main stroke first and arranging other strokes according to the main stroke can we grasp the characters more accurately.
"Smell" is also the word under the package. The left and right parts are symmetrical, but they should be written differently. The left half is wide and the right half is flat. The left vertical drawing is a curve and the right vertical drawing is a straight line. Official script seems fair and simple, but subtle changes are very rich.
The word "wind" is also the structure of upper package and lower package. Although the original characters in the inscription are somewhat broken, because there are other characters corresponding to them, we can completely restore these characters according to the rules of basic strokes after a certain foundation. The nib should be like a needle awl, and it should be written on paper, concise and hard. There is another way of writing, which means the word "zhong", which can be written flat. This change provides us with the space to turn to creation and encourages us to learn actively.
Shangbaoxia
Prosperous
Write these big strokes first, and other small strokes.
② There is no echo relationship between the strokes of Lishu, and the stroke order obeys the size relationship of the characters.
smell
(1) The left half is wide, the right half is flat, and the left vertical painting is curved and the right vertical painting is straight.
It seems plain and simple, but in fact it is rich in changes.
wind
(1) The pen should be like a needle awl, written on paper, concise and hard.
② The middle part can be written flat.
There are also two surrounding structures, one in the lower package, one in the left package and one in the right package, which are not shown in the Book of Rites monument. Let's analyze, through simple examples in other inscriptions, deconstruct the word "You" on the lower bag, pay attention to the ups and downs of its glyph, and highlight the vertical paintings on both sides of the mountain, so that the upper part of the word can be handled neatly and the word can be written smoothly. You can't write in regular script like this. Regular script takes the position of low left and high right, with different heights. You can't highlight the vertical paintings on both sides of the mountain
Xiabaoshang
quiet
(1) Pay attention to the ups and downs on the glyph and highlight the vertical paintings on both sides.
(2) You can also arrange three vertical paintings neatly and write smoothly.
Compared with regular script writing, official script is more prominent on both sides of the "mountain" department.
The word "giant" and the word "minister" are both left and right. It should be noted that the vertical painting on the left is more vivid and S-shaped. If it is written vertically, it will be dull. There is also an angle reason for writing like this. The angles on the left and right sides of the word are corresponding. When writing the word "minister", we should pay attention to changes. Write vertically first, and then diagonally. These two strokes cannot overlap on the same line. The Chinese character "Chen" Pan > can also be written through the vertical width in the middle, which makes up for the blank in the middle and looks even in space. Many people feel very similar when they study. It seems that every aspect has certain creative conditions. However, in actual creation, I always feel that some contents in the temporary study are useless, because the basic skills of the nuances in the temporary study are not enough, and only the so-called "writing image" has reached the primary stage.
Left and right
A giant/minister
① Note that vertical strokes are more flexible, showing an "S" shape.
Pay attention to the change of the two vertical paintings in the middle of the word "minister". Write vertically first and then diagonally.
(3) I can also string the vertical paintings in the middle to make up for the blank in the middle.
Next, let's look at the words "fully enclosed structure" in "Li Bei".
Schematic diagram of all-inclusive structure
Fully enclosed structure means that four sides form a main body. Write a word with a fully enclosed structure, which should be written tightly, as if it is one size smaller, and don't write big. For example, in the word "Guo", the middle part of the main body is determined first, and the form of the four-sided frame reflects the error. You can also make the outer frame relatively flat, such as the word "figure". When I don't write the last horizontal painting, I feel that there is a lot of space at the bottom, but as long as I finish writing the horizontal painting, it will show a tight knot shape.
Because the characters in the fully enclosed structure are closed and all the spaces are in the characters, compared with the open characters such as Jiao, the space of Jiao is outside the characters and the space of Guo is inside the frame, which leads to the fact that the two characters actually occupy almost the same space and area, but the word Guo in the fully enclosed structure looks bigger than the word Jiao. Therefore, when writing the word "teaching", we should let go, and the part surrounded by the word "country" in the closed structure should be tightened. We can refer to this relationship, consider changing and adjusting the way and integrate it into the creation.
country
Firstly, determine the middle body, and the form of the four-sided border appears patchy.
(2) All those surrounded by Chinese characters should be tightened.
draw
(1) can be written as Panasonic.
② The border is relatively straight.
Spatial contrast between countries and religions
country
(1) The enclosed word is closed, and the blank is inside, which is a big word, so the enclosed part in the middle should be written tightly.
teach
(1) The word "teach" is blank outside the word, so you should let go of writing such a word.
Upper and lower structures
Schematic diagram of font structure
Generally, the characters in the upper and lower structures we see are all contracted in the middle palace, with narrow shapes and only a part of them protruding. That is, only one of the canopy, the ground load and the bulge is selected (schematic diagram).
(1) Fu Tian
② Ground load
③ Intermediate process
If we need to highlight the upper part up and down, we will say that this is the word "Tianfu"; If you highlight the lower part, this is the word "ground load"; If the middle part protrudes, this is the word "convex". Although the official script is relatively flat, we are dealing with unimportant strokes, which are all in the vertical rectangular area.
① Handle unimportant strokes in a vertical rectangular area.
The word "Tianfu" begins with the word "Gong", the upper part of the word "Bao Gai" is open, and the middle part of the word "Lu" is very narrow. Another example is the word "year", which is flat and vertical. It also wrote the lower part of the "human" part in this narrow range, highlighting the upper part and writing a horizontal extension.
Tianfu
palace
Palace is a word that covers the sun. Open the top cover.
(2) The middle part of the land is very narrow, which accords with the characteristics of contraction of the palace in the ritual tablet.
read
① Straight and straight, with a narrow middle part.
(2) The upper part protrudes and the writing extends horizontally.
Let's look at the word "Dizai", and the word "yellow" is the representative. In order to highlight the last horizontal painting, the above parts need to be written in a relatively narrow and long way. There are many strokes of the word "Ling". Write the mouth in the middle first, then the mouth on both sides. When writing "Wang", the last horizontal line will unfold. Although there are many strokes in the word "Ling", the upper part of the last horizontal line in the middle will also be tightened. The characters on the ground can also be arranged in an asymmetric form, such as the "four" character, which is also prominent at the bottom and compact at the top. When writing, the bottom needs to move to the right, which also belongs to the ground part.
Ground load
emperor
(1) The characters on the ground are narrow on the top and long on the bottom, highlighting the last shear wave painting.
quick
(1) Write the middle mouth first, and then write the two sides. Even if there are many strokes, tighten them in the middle.
(2) unfold the last horizontal painting when writing.
Asymmetric ground load
think
① Up and down asymmetry.
② The lower part protrudes and moves to the right.
After reading the characters in the Book of Rites, let's look at the characters with outstanding characteristics in the middle. For example, the word "music", pay attention to the "wood" part of the vertical painting is curved, and the left and right sides of the painting should pay attention to the rigor of receiving the pen. The word "music" is more important than the rest, and other parts gather in the middle and protrude horizontally. This writing also applies to the word "ban".
China
happy
(1) Pay attention to the vertical bending of the wood, with light weight on the top and heavy weight on the bottom.
(1) The horizontal drawing of wood is prominent.
(1) Pay attention to the tightness of stippling on both sides of the wooden part.
prohibit
① The horizontal painting in the middle is prominent, and other strokes are gathered in the middle.
Let's look at the upper and lower structure of the characters in the Rite Monument. Let's take three words as examples-"Bao, Tai,". Words composed of upper, middle and lower parts can also be classified as the upper and lower structure just mentioned, and can also be divided into three types: "covering the sky, carrying soil, and protruding in the middle" We can take some of it. If it is "covering the sky", we will shoot this part, and then the middle and lower parts must be narrowed. If the "ground load" is highlighted, the upper and middle parts should be narrowed. Similarly, the middle protrusion means narrowing up and down. The first word, Bao, is an overwhelming word. We should make the part of "Bao Gai" wider, more open and even exaggerated, so that the contrast between the lines will be stronger.
Upper, middle and lower structure
Schematic diagram of font structure
Tianfu
fortune
(1) Tianfu's words stand out in the upper part, and Bao Gai writes wide.
② The lower part of the cover is written in a narrow way, and it is contrasted from top to bottom.
Let's talk about the word "Xi" again. Pay attention to the horizontal painting in the middle. The following four points may seem relatively open, but they are still within the vertical range of the previous schematic diagram. Because of the upper, middle and lower structure of Chinese characters, there are more strokes that need to overlap. When we write, we will feel that the words are long, because we should pay attention to the problem of vertical arrangement because of the words. The official script is flat and the basic characters are flat, but the arrangement of vertical and horizontal paintings and the shape of the characters themselves should also be considered. Some characters have more strokes and can be written relatively long, while others have fewer strokes and are relatively flat, in contrast. For example, writing the word "three" must be relatively flat. In contrast, the word "Taiwan" has more strokes and longer writing methods. When we say "because of the vertical shape of characters", we need to determine the final form of words according to the characteristics of specific words. If there are many strokes, they will be arranged vertically, and if there are few strokes, they will be arranged horizontally. Don't ignore the actual conditions of words, put everything in after you have the basic form, and eventually you will be "like an operator", lifeless and spiritual from beginning to end. We have always stressed that the memorial tablet is very standardized but full of changes, so we must pay attention to writing changes when studying.
Ground load
platform
① There are many horizontal drawings, so pay attention to their overlap.
(2) Other strokes should be written narrower, highlighting the shear wave painting at the bottom, and the word "meter" should be written longer, so pay attention to the shape of the word.
three
(1) Three-character strokes are relatively few, so you should write in a flat place and pay attention to the shape of the characters.
(2) The strokes are mostly arranged in the vertical direction, and there are fewer strokes in the flat position, so beware of being like an operator.
Shadow of giant salamander
The sixth day of March in Gengzi year.
Yugusong