The surname Chen is the fifth largest surname in China in terms of population. According to the National Citizen Identity Information System (NCIIS) of the household registration management department, the surname Chen is the fifth most common surname in modern China. According to a 1977 paper on "surnames" published by Chinese historian Li Dongming in "Oriental Magazine", Chen's surname is one of the top ten Chinese surnames in the world. The surname Chen is the largest surname in Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and ranks fifth in "Hundred Family Surnames".
[Edit this paragraph] 1. The origin of the surname Chen:
1. The surname Chen first came from the surname Gui or Yao, a descendant of Emperor Shun. Shun, also known as Yu Shun, was the eighth grandson of the Yellow Emperor. He was born in Yao, and his surname was Yao. According to the "Tongzhi? Clan Brief" records: After King Wu of Zhou destroyed King Zhou of Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty, he found Shun's descendant Chen Hugong Guiman and granted him the title of Chen (now Huaiyang County, Henan Province). "Chen Guo". Some of the descendants of Emperor Shun, Guiman, took Guo as their surname, which is where the surname Chen came from. Taking the country as their surname, they received the surname from their ancestor Hu Gongman. The surname Chen was mainly derived from Chen Hu Gongman in the early years of the Zhou Dynasty. Hu Gongman is a descendant of Yu Shun and Yao, one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. When Hu Gongman was passed down to his 10th generation grandson Guiwan, Chen was in civil strife. Chen Ligong's son Guiwan was afraid that he would be implicated, so he ran away to the state of Qi and took his homeland as his surname, calling him the Chen family. Later it was changed to Tian family. By the time of Sun Tianhe in the tenth generation, he deposed Qi Kanggong and established himself as Qi Taigong, and was recognized by the Zhou Dynasty and other princes. This is the famous "Tian Dai Qi Jiang" in history. In 221 BC, when King Tian Jian of Qi was established, Qi was destroyed by Qin. After King Tian Jian of Qi fell, his descendants changed their surnames one after another and took refuge. Emperor Shun's line experienced another great differentiation. The surname Tian is now ranked 34th among the common surnames in China. King Tian Jian of Qi had three sons: Sheng, Huan and Zhen. Sheng and Huan were changed to the Wang family, and their descendants were the Wang Mang clan of the Han Dynasty. Zhen Ben became prime minister of Chu, and later moved to Yingchuan (now Changge, Henan). Tian Zhen's surname was Chen. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Chen family of Yingchuan, whose surname was reverted to Tian, ??has been very prominent in Chinese history, flourishing and spreading widely. 2. Descendants of Chen Guogong clan. After Guiman's death, some of Chen's descendants took the country as their surname, the Chen family. Among the descendants of Chen Hu Gongman, besides Chen Wan, there are three other branches. First, Guiliu, the son of Chen Aigong, took refuge in Chenliu (now Chenliu Town, Kaifeng County, Henan). The second is Chen Yan, the eldest son of Chen Mingong. He took refuge in Yangwuhu (now northeast of Lankao County, Henan). The third is Chen Yinqi, the second son of Chen Minggong, who lived in Gushi (today's Gushi County, Henan Province). Later, because he had no children, he adopted Yingchuan Chen Shi as his heir and merged into the Yingchuan Chen family. 3. The Liu family changed their surname to Chen. "Tongzhi? Clan Brief" records that the Chen family in Guangling is actually the Liu family. Chen Jiao was born in Dongyang, Guangling (now Tianchang, Anhui) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was a famous official in the Cao Wei Dynasty. His original surname was Liu. He changed his surname to Chen because he was an heir to his maternal grandfather's family. 4. During the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian, had a confidant named Chen Mao, who was originally from Hedong Yi and assumed the surname of Chen; 5. The Chen family in Haining, Zhejiang, was originally named Cao. Because he married a daughter of the Chen family, he had children who took his mother's surname and later became a prominent family in Haining; 6. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, after Gao Yue, the king of Qinghe in the Northern Qi Dynasty, he became an ordinary citizen after several changes in the mausoleum and valley. It was passed down to the 14th generation of the Yuan Dynasty when Gao Liang, because of poverty, married into the Chen family and changed his surname to Chen; 7. Chen Yuanda in the late Western Jin Dynasty , whose original surname was Gao, but a fortune teller said that his birth date would harm his father, so he changed his surname from Gao to Chen. 8. In the early Ming Dynasty, Taizu gave a Hu man from the Western Regions the surname Chen. His grandson Chen You was promoted to the right governor, and he was given the title of Uncle Wu Ping. 9. Chen Yonggui, a general of the Sui Dynasty, was originally a Hu from the Longyou area. He was the descendant of King Bo of Qiuci, and his surname was Bai. He was favored by Yang Jian and was granted the title of Duke Chen of Beijun, so he took the title Chen as his surname. 10. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang competed in the world; Chen Youliang's ancestor's original surname was Xie, but he changed his surname to Chen because he was married to the Chen family. 11. Danmin and fallen people named Chen. Danmin, or Danhu, refers to the residents who are engaged in fishing or water transportation in the coastal harbors and inland rivers of Guangdong, Fujian, and Guangxi. Most of them live on boats. Among them, Chen Youliang, who was defeated by the army and forced by the Ming Dynasty, took Chen as his surname. Regarding the fallen people, one explains that the tribe of Chen Youliang was first captured and classified as a beggar household; the other explains that Taizu destroyed Chen Youliang, captured his descendants and demoted the nine tribes to the fallen people, devalued the happy households, and did not compare with the people of the Qi Dynasty. But he retains his family name and his surname is still Chen.
12. Hou Mochen changed his surname. According to "Wei Shu? Guan Shi Zhi" records: During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Xianbei aristocrat Hou Mochen moved his capital to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Emperor Xiaowen implemented Xiaowen's Sinicization reform, and the surname Yi Hu was changed to a Han surname. In 496, the Hou Mo Chen family was changed to the single surname Chen. 13. The Chen family of the Jurchen clan. According to the statement "Comparison and Explanation of Han Surnames and Jurchen Surnames", it can be seen that some of the Wanyan clan of the Jurchen royal family had been changed to Chen in the late Jin Dynasty. 14. During the reign of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, he sent troops to Vietnam to destroy the Li Dynasty of Annan Kingdom. King Li's son Cheng changed his name to Chen Cheng. He became an official in the Ming Dynasty and became the minister of the Ministry of Industry. 15. The Chen family of the Yao ethnic group. The Yao people of Huangbutong, Xinning County, Hunan have three surnames: Li, Chen, and Deng; the Yao people of Mareidong have three surnames: Lei, Lan, and Chen; the Yao people of Zhenyuan Dong have four surnames: Yang, Chen, Lan, and Kuang: Rucheng County Yao people have three surnames: Chen, Li and Zhang. Among the fifteen surnames of Shan Ziyao in Dayaoshan, Guangxi, there are Chen and Li. Among the nine surnames in "Guoshan Bang" there are also Chen and Li. 16. Mongolian Chen family. According to "Xutongzhi·Clan Brief 4", the Chen family was the surname given to the Mongolian nobles who surrendered to the Ming Dynasty by Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. For example, Qiaqia was named Chen Shouzhong, Haha was named Chen Yuan, etc.; 1 7. The Manchu Chen family. There are two situations for the Manchu Chen family: First, the Han Chen family living in the northeast during the reign of Houjin Nurhachi was forced to change to the Manchu Chen family; Second, the surname of the Manchu family was changed to Chen, and it still belongs to the Manchu; according to the "General Chronicles of the Qing Dynasty: Clan Brief Eight", the surname of Goryeo in the Manchuria flag is recorded: "The Chen family has lived in Pyongyang for a long time, and is a native of Bayan Xianglan Banner. When Tian Cong came back, his great-grandson Erda Se served as a guard." Later, most of them were Koreans (most of their ancestors were Han people) and integrated into the Manchus. "Records of Manchu Surnames" records that the Chen Jia family who lived in Zhangdang in the northeast was later changed to the Chen family. In fact, the Chen Jia family lived in Liaodong during the Ming Dynasty and was later ruled by Nurhaci of the Jin Kingdom. He was forced to change his name to Shuangyu, and his Manchu surname was Chen Jia, which is the same pronunciation of the Chen family. 18. Hani, Dong, Tujia, Buyi, Jing, Qiang, Hui, Miao, Zhuang, Li, Yi, Korean, Bai, She, Gaoshan and other ethnic groups all have the surname Chen.
[Edit this paragraph] Two celebrities
Chen Wan, a senior official of Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period. That is Tian Jingzhong. Mr. Chen Li. In 672 BC, Chen Xuangong killed his prince to fight against the bandits. He was friendly with the bandits and feared that he would be harmed, so he fled to Qi. Minister Huan of Qi was a Gongzheng and was listed as a senior official. After entering the Qi Dynasty, his surname was changed from Chen to Tian. After his death, he was given the posthumous title Jingzhong and was the ancestor of Tian Qi.
Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Uprising Chen Sheng (?-208 BC), leader of the peasant uprising in the late Qin Dynasty, led the first nationwide peasant war in Chinese history. Chen Ping (? - 178 BC), the founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty and one of the most influential prime ministers in China. Chen Shi (104-187) was born in Xu County, Yingchuan County (now east of Xuchang, Henan Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His courtesy name was Zhonggong. He was a county official at the beginning and studied at Imperial College. Later he served as the chief of Taiqiu. When the party imprisoned him, he was imprisoned and many others fled. He said: "If I don't go to prison, everyone will have no one to rely on." He asked to be imprisoned. The ban on the party was lifted, and generals He Jin and Situ Yuan Wei were recruited, but they both refused to resign. Chen Lin (?-217), a writer in the late Han Dynasty. His courtesy name was Kong Zhang, a native of Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province), and one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an". He first joined Yuan Shao and later returned to Cao Cao, where he served as the commander of the military force and managed the recording office. Chen Lin is good at poetry, literature and fu. Four poems exist today, and the representative work "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" is the earliest literati imitating Han Dynasty Yuefu. Prose is most influential with its chapters and chapters. The representative work is "An Appeal to Yuzhou for Yuan Shao", which is an appeal to Yuan Shao to denounce Cao Cao. Ci Fu includes "Wujun Fu", "Shenwu Fu" and so on. The original collection of 10 volumes has been lost. Zhang Pu of the Ming Dynasty compiled "Chen Ji Shi Ji". Chen Qun (?-236), minister of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. Long text. A native of Xuchang, Yingchuan (now east of Xuchang, Henan). He first served as Liu Bei's farewell officer, but later defected to Cao Cao and was recruited as a vassal of Cao Cao in Sikong West. After the founding of the Wei Dynasty, he moved to Zhongcheng, the censor. In the first year of Yankang (220), Emperor Wen Cao Pi granted him the title of Marquis of Changwuting and moved him to Shangshu. Later, he became the general of the Zhenjun army, and was listed as the four generals together with Cao Xiu, Cao Zhen and Sima Yi. Soon he was awarded the title of Sikong and recorded the affairs of the minister. The nine-grade Zhongzheng system he founded divided local scholars into nine grades according to their talents, reported them to the government, and selected them according to grade. Later, it gradually evolved into a tool for the monopoly power of the gentry. Chen Shou (233-297), historian of the Western Jin Dynasty. Also known as longevity, the word is Chengzuo. A native of Anhan, Basi, Shu Kingdom (now Nanchong, Sichuan). Chen An (?-323), leader of the Qinlong People's Uprising Army during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. In 322, an uprising was launched in Qinlong.
The Di and Qiang people responded one after another, numbering more than 100,000, and he called himself the Great Governor, the Great General, and the King of Liang. Taking Shangqiu (Tianshui, Gansu) as the base area, he captured nearby counties. The following year, the former King of Zhao Liu Yao personally supervised the army to encircle and suppress the rebel army. He led his army in a bloody battle and died in the battle. The people of Longshang composed songs to commemorate him and called him "the strong man of Longshang". Chen Qingzhi (484-539), Liang general in the Southern Dynasties. A native of Guoshan, Yixing (now southwest of Yixing, Jiangsu Province). He was a child of Emperor Wu of Liang (Xiao Yan) and was quite trusted. In the second year of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty (528), Wang Yuanhao of Wei Beihai surrendered to Liang. Emperor Wu ordered him to lead 7,000 people to send Yuan Hao back to the north. The following year, he entered Luoyang (now part of Henan), planned to capture thirty-two cities, and fought forty-seven battles, all of which were victorious. Not long after, Yi soldiers were frustrated and retreated to the south. Later, he successively served as governor of the two states of Beiyanzhou (now Yanzhou, Shandong). Death, posthumous title Wu. Chen Bozhi was a Liang general in the Southern Dynasties. Born in Suiling, Jiyang (Suining, Jiangsu). If you have courage, you can rob your hometown. Wang Guangzhi, a local chariot general, loved his bravery and used it. In the Qi Dynasty, he moved to the Hsiao Cavalry Sima and the governor with military merit. In the first year of Tianjian (502), he surrendered to Wei and became General Pingnan. After the Liang Dynasty attacked the Wei Dynasty, he led his troops back to the Liang Dynasty in Shouyang, and became an official in Tongzhi, a regular attendant on the cavalry, and a senior official in Taizhong. Chen Baxian (503-559), the founder of Chen Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. Chen Gaozu. Reigned from 557 to 559 AD. The word Xingguo, the small word Fasheng. A native of Wuxing Great Wall (now east of Changxing, Zhejiang). Born as a minor official, he likes to read military books and is good at military affairs. In the third year of the Taiqing Dynasty (548), he raised troops in Shixing (now Shaoguan, Guangdong). Under the control of Xiao Yi, the king of eastern Hunan, he joined forces with Wang Sengbian to defeat Hou Jing. In the third year of Chengsheng's reign, the Western Wei Dynasty captured Jiangling and killed Emperor Yuan of Liang. He and Wang Sengbian welcomed Xiao Fangzhi as King of Liang. Four years later, Wang Sengbian accepted Xiao Yuanming, who was supported by the Northern Qi Dynasty, as emperor. He raised an army to attack and kill Wang Sengbian, proclaimed Xiao Fangzhi as emperor, defeated the Northern Qi army, and became king. In October, he took the throne of Liang Dynasty as emperor. His country name was Chen, and he changed the Yuan Dynasty to Yongding. Mao Zedong also asked people to read "Chen Shu" to understand Chen Baxian's life experience. The reason why Chen Baxian was great was not only that he was the founding emperor of a dynasty, but also that he had a sage personality that would shine through the ages. Empress Chen (553-604), Emperor Chen of the Southern Dynasties. That is Chen Shubao. His courtesy name is Yuanxiu, and his nickname is Huang Nu. He is the eldest son of Emperor Chen Xuan. In the third year of Tianjia (562), he was established as the crown prince of Prince Ancheng. In the first year of Taijian (569), he was established as the crown prince. He ascended the throne in the fourteenth year. He builds palaces and palaces, trusts sycophants, and ignores political affairs. Relying on the natural dangers of the Yangtze River, there was no border defense. In the third year of Zhenming Dynasty (589), the Sui army entered Jiankang and was captured in Chang'an. In the fourth year of Renshou's reign in the Sui Dynasty, he died in Luoyang. He was granted the title of Duke of Changcheng County and his posthumous title of Yang. The Ming Dynasty compiled "The Master Collection of Empress Chen". Chen Leng (?-619), Sui general. The courtesy name is Changwei, a native of Xiang'an, Lujiang (Chao County, Anhui). During the reign of Emperor Wen, it was Kaifu. During the reign of Emperor Yang, he served as General of Hussars, General of Wu Benlang, and General of Royal Guards. In the fifth year of Daye (609), Zeng Fengzhao and Zhang Zhenzhou led tens of thousands of people across the sea to Liuqiu (Taiwan), and succeeded to the throne of Youguanglu doctor. During the Liaodong Campaign, Dr. Zuo Guanglu was moved to Suwei for his meritorious service. Participated in the suppression of Yang Xuangan and the Jianghuai peasant uprising. There was a mutiny in Jiangdu and after Emperor Yang was killed, he surrendered to Du Fuwei. Later he was killed by him. Chen Shuozhen (?-653), the female leader of the peasant uprising during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty. A native of Muzhou (which governs present-day Chun'an, Zhejiang Province). In the fourth year of Yonghui (653), he and his brother-in-law Zhang Shuyin led an uprising in Muzhou and called themselves Emperor Wenjia, with Shuyin as his servant. The rebel army successively captured Muzhou, Tonglu, Yuqian and other places. Later, she was defeated by Cui Yixuan, the governor of Wuzhou, and others. She and Shuyin were both killed, and the rest surrendered. Chen Ziang (approximately 659-700), a litterateur in the Tang Dynasty. The name is Boyu. A native of Shehong, Zizhou (now part of Sichuan). Because he served as You Shiyi, later generations called him Chen Shiyi. Shao Renxia. He was promoted to Jinshi at the age of 24. His above-mentioned writings on politics attracted the attention of Empress Wu, who granted him the title of Lintai Zhengzi. Later he moved to the right to collect relics. He was imprisoned for "rebelling against the party" and opposing Empress Wu. When he was 26 and 36 years old, he joined the border army twice and had some foresight on border defense. He resigned and returned to his hometown at the age of 38. He was later persecuted and unjustly imprisoned by the county magistrate Duan Jian. Yu Shibiao exemplified the style of the Han and Wei dynasties. He was a pioneer in the innovation of Tang poetry and had a huge influence on the poetry of the Tang Dynasty. There is "Collection of Chen Boyu". Chen Tuan (?-989) was a Taoist priest in the early Northern Song Dynasty. The courtesy name is Tunan, the nickname is Fuyaozi, and the nickname is Mr. Xiyi. A native of Bozhou Zhenyuan (now Luyi County, Zhoukou, Henan Province). In his early years, he was familiar with the classics and history, and was familiar with medicine, Buddhism, and astronomy and geography.
During the Changxing period of the later Tang Dynasty, he was not selected as a Jinshi, so he did not seek official salary, and took pleasure in mountains and rivers. He lived in seclusion at Jiushiyan in Wudang Mountain, specializing in fetal breathing and breathing, and the practice of bigu guiding the inner body to cultivate tranquility. The legendary "Five Dragons Sleeping in Pans to Practice Kung Fu" is particularly famous, and later the "Sleeping Kung Fu Picture" was passed down to the world. His works include "Wuji Picture", "Xiantian Picture", "Nine Rooms Zhixuan Chapter", "Yi Long Picture", "Fables of Three Peaks", "Gaoyang Collection", "Diaotan Collection", "Eight Commandments of Chisongzi", "Notes on Yin Zhenjun Huan Dan Song", "Human Ethics and Style", etc.
Burning Chen Youliang Chen Youliang (1320-1363) was the founder of the Han Dynasty in the late Yuan Dynasty. A native of Mianyang, Hubei. Born into a fishing family, he once served as a county official. Participated in Xu Shouhui's Red Scarf Army and was promoted to marshal through meritorious service. In the 11th year of Yuan Dynasty (1351), he rebelled against Ni Wenjun and became a member of Xu Shouhui's army. He was promoted to marshal due to his meritorious service. In the seventeenth year, he killed Ni Wenjun and captured all of them, and appointed him Pingzhang. Later, he conquered Jiangxi and Fujian counties. In the 19th year of Zhizheng period, he kidnapped Xu Shouhui and moved the capital to Jiangzhou (Jiujiang, Jiangxi), calling himself the King of Han. In the fifth month of the following year, he killed Xu Shouhui, established his capital in Jiangzhou, and proclaimed himself emperor. The country's name was Han Dynasty, and it was changed to Yuan Dynasty. In the 23rd year, he led his army to fight Zhu Yuanzhang at Poyang Lake, was defeated, and died from an arrow. Chen Yucheng (1837-1862), a young general of the Taiping Rebellion and later military commander. A native of Teng County, Guangxi. Shaogu participated in the Jintian Uprising with his uncle at the age of 14. In the third year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1853), he accompanied the army on the Western Expedition. The following year he attacked Wuchang and was promoted to the right thirty inspection post for his merits. He moved to Hubei, Anhui and other places. In the spring of the sixth year, Zhenjiang was trapped. He followed the King of Yan, Qin Rigang, to rescue the Qing army, and defeated the Qing army. He and other friendly forces attacked and broke through the camps in the north and south of the Yangtze River. After Shi Dakai left, he was granted the title of Chengtianyu, Youzhengzhang, and former army general. In the eighth year, Xia and Li Xiucheng first broke through the Pukou Jiangbei Camp, and then wiped out the Hunan Army's elite Li Xubin's troops. In the ninth year of Jin Dynasty, he was granted the title of King of England. Ten years later, he joined forces with other armies to break through the Jiangnan camp again and marched eastward to Su (zhou) and Chang (zhou). The following year, he returned to the army to aid Anqing, but suffered many hard-fought defeats. In the first year of Tongzhi, Luzhou fell and he retreated to Shouzhou. He was trapped by the traitor Miao Peilin and died in Yanjin, Henan.
Marshal Chen Yi (1901-1972) was a Chinese proletarian revolutionary, strategist, politician, one of the founders and leaders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and Marshal of the People's Republic of China. Chen Geng (1903-1961), general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. His original name is Chen Shukang. A native of Xiangxiang, Hunan. Deputy Director of the Committee and Deputy Minister of Defense. In 1955, he was awarded the rank of general and the first-class August 1st Medal, the first-class Independence Medal of Freedom, and the first-class Liberation Medal. Alternate member of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and member of the Eighth Central Committee.
General Chen Geng like Chen Xilian 1915.1-1999.6.10, a loyal communist fighter, a proven proletarian revolutionist and strategist. Han nationality. A native of Huang'an County (now Hong'an County), Hubei Province. Formerly known as Chen Puqing. Chen Liang (1143-1194), a thinker in the Southern Song Dynasty. A native of Yongkang, Wuzhou (now part of Zhejiang), his courtesy name was Tongfu, and scholars called him Mr. Longchuan. In the fourth year of Shaoxi's reign (1193), he ranked first in Jinshi. The magistrate of Jiankang Prefecture was awarded the signature letter to do official business, but he died before arriving. He is extremely talented, loves to discuss military matters, advocates restoration, and opposes peace negotiations. He wrote many letters and was hated by those in power, and was imprisoned three times. Weixue opposed the empty talk of moral life by Neo-Confucianists, and advocated the "study of merit" in managing the world and benefiting the people. He was friendly with Zhu Xi, but in terms of academic thought, he repeatedly argued that "the king dominates justice and interests." He is the main representative of Yongkang School. The discussions were endless and the reasoning was thorough. The lyrics are bold and exciting. There are "Collected Works of Longchuan" and "Ci of Longchuan", which have recently been compiled into "Collected Works of Chen Liang". Chen Liang, a poet from the late Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty. The word Jingming. A native of Changle (now part of Fujian). In Hongwu, the counties and counties could not afford to summon him, so they devoted themselves to writing. He built a thatched house in Cangzhou and built a small building named "Chuyu Building", where he purchased ancient and modern books from all over and stored them in it. Gong Shiwen is one of the "Ten Talents in Central Fujian". He regarded himself as a Confucian scholar of the Yuan Dynasty and was not an official. He is the author of "Cangzhou Chu Yuzhai Collection". Chen Cheng (1365-1458), a diplomat of the Ming Dynasty. The word is real. A native of Jishui, Jiangxi. Hongwu Jinshi, awarded to practitioners. He sent an envoy to Annan (northern Vietnam) and ordered him to return the five counties he occupied including Simingfu and Qiuwen in Guangxi. During the Yongle period, he made three missions to the Western Regions, traveling through 17 Central Asian countries including Hari (Herat, Afghanistan), Samarkand of the Soviet Union, which lasted eight years and traveled more than 60,000 miles. Contribute to the development of friendly relations between countries. He also paid attention to the pictures of the mountains, rivers, cities, customs, and products of various countries, and wrote "Journey to the Western Regions" and "Records of the Western Regions".
The official Guanglu Temple is responsible for the administration of affairs. There is "Collected Works of Chen Zhushan". Chen Mingyu (?-1645), leader of the Nanming rebels against the Qing Dynasty. Make a choice when you encounter one. Zhejiang people. In the first year of Hongguang (1645), he served as Dianshi of Jiangyin (now part of Jiangsu) and was promoted by the local people as the leader of the anti-Qing rebels. He believed that the former canonist Yan Yingyuan was extremely wise and courageous, so he promoted Yingyuan as the leader of the rebel army. The two men led the troops to defend the city for eighty-one days. After the city was broken, he fought in the streets with a knife and died heroically. His whole family also drowned. Chen Hongshou (1599-1652) was a painter in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. A native of Zhuji, Zhejiang, his courtesy name is Zhanghou and his nickname is Laolian. He studied painting from Lan Ying and studied Neo-Confucianism from Liu Zongzhou. He failed in the provincial examination and was donated as a Imperial College student. When the Qing troops fell in eastern Zhejiang, he went to Yunmen Temple in Shaoxing to become a monk for more than a year. He called himself Hui Chi, also known as Lao Chi. He is good at painting figures, flowers and birds, grass and insects, and landscapes. During the Chongzhen period, he was as famous as Cui Zizhong (Qinggui) in Beijing, and his nickname was Nanchen Beicui. He painted "Water Margin Ye Zi", "Bogu Ye Zi", "Nine Songs", "The Romance of the West Chamber" and other embroidery illustrations. He was good at poetry and prose, and had "Baolun Tang" "Collection".
Chen Yuanyuan was born in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Her surname was Shen and her courtesy name was Wan Fen. , Li Zicheng's peasant uprising army entered Beijing and was detained. Sangui surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and led the Qing army to capture Beijing. He returned to Sangui and went to Yunnan. In his later years, he became a female Taoist priest and changed her name to Ji Jing. Death (one theory is that he died on hunger strike). Chen Mingxia (1601-1655), a Qing minister, was born in Liyang, Jiangsu Province. He was reinstated as the Minister of History, a bachelor of the Hongwen Academy, and the Shaobao Emperor. He was asked to compile the throne by Duo Ergun. He was sentenced to death and sentenced to death for various crimes. Chen Zhenhui (1604-1656) was a prose writer from Yixing, Jiangsu Province in the late Ming Dynasty. The son of Chen Yuting, a member of the "Donglin Party", was one of the important members of Fushe. He once wrote "Remaining in the Capital to Prevent Rebellion" with Wu Yingji, which denounced Ruan Dacheng for retreating to his hometown after the fall of the Ming Dynasty. He was a deeply sad and angry essay. Chen Que (1604-1677) was a thinker in Haining, Zhejiang Province. His first name was Daoyong, and his courtesy name was Feixuan. Indeed, he was a student of Ming Dynasty. After the death of Ming Dynasty, he died of illness for more than ten years. The viewpoint of "Knowledge ends with the highest good" criticizes Zhu Xi's theory of "sudden understanding". It affirms that people's good and evil depends on acquired habits and proposes that "the principles of heaven are seen from human desires." It criticizes Buddhism for "saving all sentient beings". "Exterminate all living beings". He is the author of "Da Da Bian", "Burial Book", "Guyan", etc. Chen Yonghua (?-1680), Zheng Chenggong's counselor. Zi Fufu, a native of Tong'an, Fujian. A scholar in the late Ming Dynasty. After the Ming Dynasty, he abandoned Wentou Zheng Chenggong joined the army and became a counselor. After the successful Northern Expedition, he stayed in Xiamen. When Zheng Jing came to power, he served as the general envoy in Dongning and worked hard to support the army. He then retreated to Taiwan and established a farming system. Established a school. Later, due to the jealousy of Feng Xifan and Liu Guoxuan, he surrendered his military power and was worried about his death. Chen Zilong (1608-1647), a general and writer who fought against the Qing Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty, was born in Huating, Songjiang (now Songjiang, Shanghai). Chongzhen Jinshi. During the reign of Emperor Hongguang of the Southern Ming Dynasty, he was appointed to the military department. He resigned and returned home due to political corruption. After the Qing army defeated Nanjing, he raised troops in Songjiang and called himself a supervisor. After the defeat, he hid in the mountains and joined forces with Taihu troops to fight against the Qing Dynasty. When the incident was revealed, he was arrested in Suzhou and died by drowning. During his lifetime, he was good at poetry and prose, especially the complete works of Chen Zhongyu. A native of Wucheng (now Huzhou), Zhejiang, his courtesy name is Yaxin, his first name is Jingfu, and his nickname is Yandang Shanqiao. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he was determined to become an official and sold divination to support himself. Organized the Jingyin Poetry Society with Gu Yanwu and Guizhuang. His body and name are unknown, and he died in poverty and hunger. Many of his poems and essays are scattered and lost, and only the novel "Hou Water Margin" (named "Sanxu Water Margin") has been handed down to the world. Chen Wangting was a martial artist in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. A native of Wen County (now part of Henan), his courtesy name was Zuoting. Ming Wu Xiang was born. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in the countryside. He once used Qi Jiguang's "Boxing Classic" as a blueprint to create the Thirteen Movements of Changquan.
The fist movements are spiraling, alternating between fast and slow, and the mind, energy, and form are closely coordinated, integrating health preservation, fitness, and martial arts into one. Later, people improved it and it became Chen style Tai Chi. Today, the cannon hammering method, push-hands and gun-gluing methods are still left. He is the author of "General Song of Boxing Sutra". Chen Wenlong (1232-1277), formerly known as Zilong, with the courtesy name Gangzhong and nickname Ruxin, was a native of Yuhu, Putian (now Kuokou Village, Licheng District), and was a hero of the Song Dynasty who fought against the Yuan Dynasty. In the fourth year of Xianchun of the Song Dynasty (1268), he passed the imperial examination and won the first prize. Du Zong changed his name to Wenlong and gave him the courtesy name Junbi. Chen Weisong (1625-1682), a litterateur of the Qing Dynasty. The word is the year. A native of Yixing, Jiangsu Province, he was the grandson of Chen Yuting, the imperial censor of Zuodu in the Ming Dynasty, and the son of Chen Zhenhui. When he was young, he was good at poetry and prose. He was called a genius and was highly regarded. His poems are deep and majestic, with more than 1,800 words, and his parallel prose is said to be unrivaled after Tang Tianbao. When he was over 50 years old, he began to study erudite poetry, was taught by the Hanlin Academy for review, and participated in the compilation of "History of the Ming Dynasty". He is the author of "Collected Poems of Huhailou" and "Collected Works of Jialing". Chen Gongyin (1631-1700), a poet of the Qing Dynasty. The courtesy name is Yuanxiao, the nickname is Banfeng, and the late nickname is Dulushanren. A native of Shunde, Guangdong. When he was young, his father Bangyan died fighting against the Qing Dynasty, so he escaped from Fujian and Zhejiang to survive. During the reign of King Gui, he used his father's influence to grant the Jin Yiwei command to the generals. After the death of the Southern Ming Dynasty, he returned home and lived in seclusion, explaining himself through poetry. Later, he was implicated in the San Francisco rebellion and imprisoned, but was released. Many of his poems eulogize those who fought against the Qing Dynasty and care about their homeland. Together with Qu Dajun and Liang Peilan, they are known as the Three Lingnan Masters, and together with Cheng Keze, Fang Huan, etc., they are known as the Seven Lingnan Masters. Also good at calligraphy. There is Dulutang Collection. Chen Huang (1637-1688), Qingshui Lijia. Zitian No. 1 Shengzhai was born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang. During the Shunzhi period, he was the governor of the river, Jin Fu, who was responsible for managing river affairs. Kangxi granted him the title of Qian Shi Dao. He was appointed assistant, his position was reduced, he was arrested and questioned, and he died of illness. "Manuscripts of the History of the Qing Dynasty" records that in river management, "the main purpose is to follow the nature of the river and benefit the leader. If there is any trouble, the cause of the trouble must be figured out." Using the method of attacking the sand with water, the water returned to its original path and opened up the middle river for 300 miles. There are "River Defense Summary" and "River Defense Narrative". Chen Mingzhi, a Qing Kun Opera actor. A native of Suzhou, Jiangsu. He was originally a performer in the countryside. Ichong performed the role of the overlord in "The Story of a Thousand Gold", with majestic momentum and high-pitched voice, which viewers praised as a unique skill. Then he entered the famous class Hanxiang Department. Because it comes from Jiaozhi Town, it is called Zhida Mian. Kangxi visited Suzhou in the south and appreciated his skills. He was selected to teach in the palace for 20 years before he returned because of his old age. Chen Hongmou (1696-1771), a Qing minister. A native of Lingui (now Guilin), Guangxi, his courtesy name was Ruzi and his nickname was Rongmen. Yongzheng Jinshi. Selected as a good scholar, he was awarded the title of self-examination. During the Qianlong period, he successively served as governor of Shaanxi, Hunan, Jiangsu and other provinces, and governor of Guangdong, Guangxi and Huguang. After moving inland, he became the Minister of the Ministry of Officers and Soldiers, the Ministry of Industry, and a bachelor of Dongge University. He served for more than 30 years and held 21 posts in 12 provinces. During this period, he focused on farmland water conservancy, dredging rivers, promoting education, and strict administration, and achieved considerable political achievements. Later, he resigned due to old age and died on his way home. Chen Duansheng (1751-1796), a litterateur of the Qing Dynasty. Zi Yunzhen, Chuntian, from Qiantang, Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Zhejiang). She was the wife of an official, Fan Cao. Sitting in a bowl is banished to garrison. Intelligent and good at poetry. At the age of eighteen, he began to write the tanci "Rebirth Fate" to express his grief and indignation at farewell. Since my son-in-law has not returned, this book will never be completed. On the way home after her husband was released, she passed away in grief and anger. Historian Chen Yinke commented that the seventeen volumes he wrote are "a long masterpiece of seven-character narrative romance" and "the first book in Tanci", "comparable to the famous epics of Greece and India". Another collection of Huiyingge Poems has been lost. Chen Xiuyuan (1753-1823), a medical scientist of the Qing Dynasty. A native of Changle, Fujian, his name is Nianzu, with the courtesy name Liangyou and the nickname Shenxiu. Qianlong promoted people. During the Jiaqing period, the official was under the direct control of the magistrate of Wei County. He had a sage voice and personally administered prescriptions to save the people in case of floods and epidemics. He returned to the field in the evening and taught medicine and had many disciples. He is the author of "Collected Notes on Lingsu", "A Brief Note on Treatise on Febrile Diseases", "A Brief Note on Synopsis of the Golden Chamber", "The Miraculous Uses of Time Prescriptions", "Three Character Classics of Medicine", etc. It is concise and easy to understand and contributes to the good work of medicine. Chen Yuzhong (1762-1806) was a seal carver of the Qing Dynasty. A native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), his courtesy name was Junyi and his nickname was Qiutang. Following the example of Ding Jing and others, he directly adopted the style of the Han people, which was meticulous in workmanship, vigorous and beautiful. Together with Chen Hongshou, they are known as the "Er Chen" of Qiantang and one of the "Eight Famous Masters of Xiling". It was also as famous as Huang Yi, Chen Hongshou and Xi Gang, and was called the "Zhejiang School" at that time. It also paints orchids and bamboos, which are also elegant and graceful. There is "Qiushi Zhai Yin Cun" written by ancient painters. Chen Hongshou (1768-1822) was a seal carver of the Qing Dynasty.
The courtesy name is Zigong, the name is Mansheng, Zhongyu Taoist, and he is from Qiantang (Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Jiaqing Bagong was born. When the official arrived, he learned about coastal defense in the south of the Yangtze River. The seal cutting method is based on the Qin and Han Dynasties and Ding Jing. The cutting knife is clean and sharp, elegant, bright, smart and free. Together with Chen Yuzhong, they are called Qiantang Erchen, and they are one of the eight families in Xiling. Industrial painting of landscapes, flowers, birds, orchid and bamboo. When we learned about Yixing, we modified the craftsmanship of making pottery tea sets and made inscriptions on them. It was considered a treasure at the time and was called the Mansheng teapot. There are "Zhongyuxianguan Poetry Collection" and so on. Chen Shouqi (1771-1834), a scholar of Qing Dynasty. The courtesy name is Gongfu and the nickname is Zuohai. He is from Min County (Fujian Minhou), Fujian Province. Jiaqing Jinshi. The tired officials will take the examination with the same examiner, and the censor will be named. He returned to his adoptive mother and never returned. Later, the masters were Quanzhou Qingyuan Academy, Aofeng Academy, etc. "Manuscripts of the History of the Qing Dynasty" records that "he cultivated his moral character and encouraged students to learn, and taught them the art of Confucian classics." He studied science at first and sinology later. There are many original ideas in interpreting scriptures and meanings. There are "The Final Edition of Shangshu Dazhuan", "Collected Works of Zuo Hai", "Zuo Hai Jingbian", etc. Chen Wenshu (1771-1843), a poet of the Qing Dynasty. His courtesy name is Tui'an, his nickname is Yunbo, his original name is Wenjie, and he is a native of Qiantang (Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Jiaqing Juren. The official magistrate of the county opened the old route of Yilou River. Less famous for poems. In response to the Hangzhou Provincial Examination, he wrote a poem with the title "Imitation of the Tuan Fan Made by the Painting Academy of the Song Dynasty". His performance was the best and he was known as Chen Tuan Fan. The same name is Yang Fangcan. In his later years, his poems became less polished and more realistic. There are "Bicheng Xianguan Poetry Notes", "Yidaotang Collection", "Xiling Nostalgic Collection", "Guiyong" and so on. Chen Huacheng (1776-1842), a Qing general. The word Lotus Peak. A native of Tong'an, Fujian. Born in the military. He has been promoted to general, deputy general, admiral of Fujian Navy and admiral of Jiangnan. During the Jiaqing period, the admiral Li Changgeng made many achievements in attacking Cai Qian's maritime armed forces. When the Opium War broke out, he was transferred to the south of the Yangtze River to train the navy and build cannons. In the 22nd year of Daoguang's reign, he fought against the British invaders at Wusongxi Fort, severely damaged the enemy and died in battle. He was granted the title of Captain of Cavalry and concurrently of Yunqi Lieutenant, and was given the posthumous title of Zhongmin. Chen Hang (1785-1825), a litterateur of the Qing Dynasty. His first name was Xue Lian, whose courtesy name was Taichu and whose nickname was Qiufang. He was from Qishui, Hubei Province. Jiaqing Jinshi, taught editing and editing. The official went to Sichuan to supervise the censor. Gong Shi, Zongzhong and Late Tang Dynasty. The style is plain and elegant. There are "Jian Xuezhai Shi Cun", "Shi Bi Xing Jian", "Jin Si Lu Supplementary Notes", etc. Chen Liansheng (?-1841), a Qing anti-British general. A native of Hefeng, Hubei. He was born in the army and became a general. In the 19th year of Daoguang's reign (1839), he led his troops to repel the British army entrenched in the Pearl River Estuary and was promoted to deputy general of Sanjiangkou. In December of the 20th year (1840), he and his son Chen Changpeng, a military officer, and 600 officers and soldiers stood firm at Shajiao Fort and bravely resisted the invading British troops. Due to the disparity in numbers, they died in the battle. His son also threw himself into the river and died. Chen Huan (1786-1863), a scholar of Qing Dynasty. The courtesy name is Zhuoyun, the nickname is Shuofu, and the late nickname is Nanyuan. He was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province (Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). All births. Specializing in "Mao Shi", he "searched extensively on ancient books and discovered its meaning" ("Manuscript of Qing History"), and compiled "Biography of Mao Shi", "Shuo Mao Shi", and "Yin of Mao Shi". He has many insights in various aspects of etiquette and famous things. . There are also "The Origin of Teachers and Friends", "The Rhyme Compilation Notes of the Song Dynasty Collection", etc. Chen Li (1809-1869), a Qing Dynasty scholar. The courtesy name is Zhuoren, also the courtesy name is Mozhai, and he was born in Jurong, Jiangsu Province. Daoguang Jinshi. He once served as the head of the Criminal Department. The most profound work was done in "The Biography of Gongyang in the Spring and Autumn Period", which collected the achievements before the Tang Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, "harvesting from left and right, selecting the essence and describing it in detail" ("Qing History Manuscript"), and compiled the "Gongyang Yishu", which is extremely exquisite. There are also "White Tiger Viewing", "Shuowen Xiesheng Zishengshu", "Juxi Miscellaneous Works" and so on. Chen Qiaochong (1809-1869), a Qing Dynasty scholar. A native of Min County (now Minhou, Fujian). The name is Puyuan. The son of Shouchi. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong and Daoguang, he served as the prefect of Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi), Linjiang (now Qingjiang, Jiangxi), and Fuzhou (now Jiangxi). He passed on the knowledge compiled by his father and continued it into "Jin Wen Shangshu Jing Shuo Kao". "A Study on the Poems of the Three Families of Qi, Lu and Han" and so on. The compiled books are included in the "Xiaolang Pianguan Series", also known as "The Continuation of Zuo Hai". Chen Li (1810-1882), a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. His courtesy name is Lanfu and his nickname is Dongshu. He is from Panyu, Guangdong. Daoguang raised people. He served as the director of Guangzhou Xuehai Hall for several decades, and in his later years he gave lectures on Jupo Jingshe. "Talking about literature and art with all students, encouraging them to practice diligently and establish their character, and achieve many achievements" ("Manuscript of the History of the Qing Dynasty"). He was knowledgeable in astronomy, geography, music, phonology, and Confucian classics, and his treatment of Confucian classics was characterized by his independent views. He is the author of "Study Notes of Dongshu", "Tongkao of Sound and Rhythm", "Kao of Qieyun", "Pictures of Waterways in Han Shu", etc.
Chen Jieqi (1813-1884) was an epigrapher in the late Qing Dynasty. A native of Weixian County, Shandong Province, his courtesy name is Shouqing and his nickname is Yunzhai. Daoguang Jinshi. He once served as editor of the Hanlin Academy. He likes to collect bronzes, pottery, seals, statues and other ancient cultural relics, among which the Mao Gong Tripod is the most famous. He is the author of "Shi Zhong Shan Fang Seal Ju", "Ji Jin Wen Shi", etc. He is good at rubbing ink, and once wrote "Zhuangu Bielu" based on his experience. Later generations compiled "Chen Yuzhai Ruler Slips" and "Yuzhai Jijin Lu". Chen Kai (1822-1861), leader of the Tiandihui in the late Qing Dynasty. Born as a farmhand. In July 1854, he led the Red Scarf Army in an armed uprising in Foshan Town, Guangdong. Together with Li Wenmao, Chen Xianliang and others, he led hundreds of thousands of people to besiege Guangzhou for ten months and fight resolutely against the Qing army supported by the British, French and American invaders. The following year, he and Li Wenmao marched into Guangxi, joined Liang Peiyou, conquered Xunzhou (Guiping), established the Dacheng Kingdom, changed the Yuan Dynasty to Hongde, and called himself "King Pingxun". In August 1861, the Qing army captured Xunzhou and was captured and sacrificed. Chen Decai (?-1864), general of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. A native of Xunzhou, Guangxi (now Guiping). Chen Yucheng's uncle. Join the Taiping Army. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), he was awarded the title of Gong Tianfu, assisted the Dingyuan Nian Army in Anhui, and was promoted to Gong Tianan. In the winter of the following year, he was granted the title of King Fu. Later, he went on an expedition to the northwest from Anhui. When he returned for reinforcements, his plan to advance eastward was blocked, so he was ordered to expand his army to the northwest, and then passed through Hubei to Shaanxi. In the third year of Tongzhi (1864), he went to Henan and Hubei to aid Tianjing (today's Nanjing). After Tianjing fell, he moved to Hubei and Anhui. He was defeated and committed suicide at Heishidu in Huoshan. Chen Yucheng (1837-1862), general of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. His original name was Picheng. A native of Teng County, Guangxi. Farmer origin. At the age of fourteen, he joined the Taiping Army and became a boy soldier. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established its capital in Tianjing, he successively served as the Zhengdian Shengliang, Checkpoint, Dongguan, Prime Minister, Zhengzhang leader, and former army commander of the Fourth Left Army. Wuhu, relieved the siege of Zhenjiang, and defeated the Jiangnan and Jiangbei camps of the Qing army. After the "Yang Wei Incident" in Tianjing in the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), Hong Xiuquan relied heavily on him and he and Li Xiucheng were in charge of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's military affairs. He led his troops to defeat the Qing army's Jiangbei camp and completely destroyed the Qing army's Jiangnan camp; he fought with the main force of the Hunan army in Sanhe Town, attacked Luzhou, and aided Anqing. However, he failed to attack Wuhan, so he returned to Anhui, then retreated to Luzhou, and sent troops Will expedition to the northwest to expand strength. In May of the first year of Tongzhi (1862), he broke out from Luzhou and was trapped by the rebel general Miao Peilin in Shouzhou. In June, he was killed in Yanjin, Henan.