After the golden period of Wei and Jin Dynasties and the development period of Tang Dynasty, running script reached a new peak in Song Dynasty and gradually occupied the mainstream position in various calligraphy styles.
2. Prove:
The name of the running script first appeared in Wei Heng's Four Books in the Western Jin Dynasty: Zhong (Yao) and Hu (Zhao) all studied calligraphy.
Zhang Huai's Broken Tang Book records: "The calligrapher is Liu Desheng. That is, the book is small and fake, and the affairs are simple and popular, so it is called a running account. "
Zhang Huai also said in "On Books": "Fu's calligraphy is neither grass nor true, and it is far from square, so Mencius is concerned about the season. The truth is true, and the grass is grass. "
In the Ming Dynasty, Feng Fang had a more vivid description in Ji Shu: "Write without stopping, write without engraving, gently turn and press again, like running water, without interruption, for business will last forever."
3. Introduction:
Running script is developed and originated on the basis of official script, which produces a font between regular script and cursive script to make up for the slow writing speed of regular script and the fuzziness of cursive script.
"Go" means "go", so it is not as scribbled as cursive script, nor as straight as regular script. Whether it is cursive or cursive in essence.
Those with more patterns than grass patterns are called "running patterns", and those with more grass patterns are called "running grass".
Question 2: When did the regular script and cursive script of Oracle Bone Inscriptions's small seal inscriptions come into being? Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded and reflected the political and economic situation of Shang Dynasty, mainly referring to the words carved on tortoise shells or animal bones by the royal family in China in the late Shang Dynasty (14 ~ 1 1 century).
The application time of bronze inscriptions is about 1200 years, from the early Shang Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty's destruction of the Six Kingdoms.
After Qin Shihuang unified China (22 1 year ago), Xiao Zhuan implemented the policy of "the words are the same, and the cars are on the same track", and the prime minister Li Si was responsible for the unified measurement. On the basis of the original script of the Qin Dynasty's Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan simplified it, canceled the variant characters of the other six countries, and created a unified Chinese writing form. It was popular in China until the end of the Western Han Dynasty (about 8 AD) and was gradually replaced by official script.
Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "swallow tail of silkworm head" and "twists and turns". It originated in the Qin Dynasty and reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Calligraphy is known as "Han Li Tang Kai". It is also said that official script originated in the Warring States period.
Regular script is the most popular script in China feudal society from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Jin and Tang Dynasties.
Cursive writing is a way of writing for convenience. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" says: "There are cursive scripts in Han Xing". The cursive script began in the early Han dynasty, and its characteristics are: keeping the outline of characters, damaging the official rules, rushing away and rushing away quickly. Because of the meaning of grass, it is called cursive script.
Running script is a writing style between regular script and cursive script, which appeared in the late Western Han Dynasty and the early Eastern Han Dynasty.
Question 3: When did running script invent a font between regular script and cursive script? It can be said to be cursive, or it can be said to be cursive. It is to make up for the shortcomings of slow writing in regular script and illegible cursive script. The brushwork is not as sloppy as cursive script, and it is not required to be as correct as regular script. There are more methods of mold opening than cursive writing, which is called "mold opening". Cursive calligraphy is more than modular method, which is called "cursive calligraphy". The running script ridge came into being in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
The word "running script" is pronounced as "Shu Hang", so it is called "Shu Hang" because it is a kind of writing used by ordinary businessmen in ancient times to record the quantity of goods bought and sold. This is wrong and should be read as "running script". Some people don't understand the original intention of lines. Su Dongpo, a calligrapher in the Song Dynasty, said, "Open the letter and you can go." They think that the "running script" is named after the walking position, which is all wrong. "Book" in Volume 206 of Taiping Guangji records: "The calligrapher was created by Liu Desheng and the later Han Dynasty. Running script is a small change in the book, simple and popular, so it is called running script. "
Question 4: When did China's calligraphy and running script begin? It originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and developed in parallel with regular script and cursive script in the history of calligraphy in China. The appearance of running script accelerated the writing speed of Chinese characters and adapted to the needs of historical development.
Question 5: When did the running script, regular script and cursive script appear respectively? Running script originated from the legend of the late Eastern Han Dynasty. There is no clear answer. Cursive script first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty.
Question 6: The sequence of regular script, cursive script and running script. The historical order of calligraphy fonts is as follows
Oracle Bone Inscriptions (Shang Dynasty)-Zhuan Zhuan (Qin Dynasty)-Li and Cao (cursive script in Han Dynasty)-Kai (Jin Dynasty, including Weibei)-Xing (Jin Dynasty)-Cao (Jin Dynasty, that is, modern grass).
Representatives of dynasties:
Qin Zhuan-Han Li-Weibei-Tang Kai-Song Xing
Question 7: When was the running script invented? Running script is a kind of calligraphy between regular script and cursive script, which appeared in the late Western Han Dynasty and the early Eastern Han Dynasty.