Reading the history of the Song Dynasty is basically the same as that of the Ming Dynasty.
From "valuing literature over martial arts" to "candlelight and axe shadow", from "Xining reform" to "Yuan You modernization", the already poor and weak Song Dynasty was in chaos. Finally, it was evaluated as "literary martial arts".
Liu Kun is uncle Xin. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Shaoxing, he served as Duhu in Longyou, Deputy Left-behind in Tokyo, DuDu in Taiwei, Jianghuai, and Ambassador in West Zhejiang. He suffered heavy losses in the battle of Shunchang. Posthumous title ebony.
In this era of mixed loyalty and treachery, Li Gang of Song Qinzong Jingkang period; Wang Lixin during the reign of Song Duzong Xianchun: During the reign of Song Gongzong Deyou, Wen Tianxiang was a very powerful soldier, but he was useless.
It can only be said that it is another failure of civilization to barbarism.
2. Who were the famous anti-Yuan fighters in the late Southern Song Dynasty?
1, Wen Tianxiang (1236- 12831October 9th), formerly known as Sun Yun, is a good word. Since the number Wenshan, Fuxiu Taoist. Luling, Jizhou, Jiangxi (now futian town, Qingyuan District, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province) was a writer, patriotic poet and national hero at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, and he was also called "three outstanding men at the end of the Song Dynasty" with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie. In the fourth year of Baoyu's reign (A.D. 1256), he was the top scholar and the right prime minister, and wrote to lord protector. Yu Wupoling was defeated and captured, preferring death to surrender. In the 19th year of Zhiyuan (A.D. 1282), he died calmly in Chai City on the 9th day of December. He is the author of Wenshan Poetry Collection, A Guide to the South, Postscript to the Guide, Song Zhengqi, etc.
2. Zhang Shijie? -A.D. 1279), born in Fanyang, Zhuozhou (now Fanyang, Hebei). At the end of Song Dynasty, he was a famous anti-Yuan warrior and national hero. A teacher, deputy envoy of the Council, sealed the king of Yue. Together with Lu Xiufu and Wen Tianxiang, they are called "three outstanding men in the late Song Dynasty". He successively established the second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty and vowed not to lower the Yuan Dynasty. In the end, he was defeated in the naval battle of Yashan and drowned at the foot of Pingzhang Mountain due to hurricane.
3. yu zhang, a Chinese character, was born in Fengzhou (now northeast of Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province). China was an anti-Yuan general in the late Southern Song Dynasty. 18 years old, joined the army in Hezhou Fishing City (now Hechuan, Sichuan) and was promoted to the commander-in-chief of the Chinese army with meritorious military service. People call him Sichuan? On the first day of the Qing Dynasty (1259), Mongolian Khan led an army to besiege Fishing City, and Zhang Jue led the army and civilians to defeat the Mongolian army repeatedly (see the Battle of Fishing City). In the fourth year of Ding Jing (1263), Zhang Jue was appointed as the commander of Xingyuan government in the capital, and all the armies knew Hezhou, 5438+02.10/0106106 Zhang Jue. Repeatedly defeated the Yuan Army, and once recovered Fuzhou (now Fuling, Sichuan). In February of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), the Yuan army attacked Chongqing, and Zhao An's troops opened the city to reduce the Yuan. Zhang Jue led the troops to fight in the street, and finally.
4. Chen Zan (1232 ——1277), whose real name is Seyu, is the great-grandson of Shaoxing (ranked second in eight years in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the official to the prime minister) and the uncle of Chen (ranked first in four years in Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty). Born in Putian Song Shaoding for five years (1232). He was a national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty. On October 15th, the second year of Jingyan, Yuan soldiers broke through the walls of Xinghua House, and Chen Zan was martyred. The Ming court posthumously awarded Chen Zan as assistant minister of the Ministry of War and gave him loyalty and martial arts. At that time, people buried his clothes at the foot of the mountain and built a second loyalty temple for him and Chen in Putian Chengguan.
5. Wang Lixin (120 1- 1275), whose real name is Cheng Fu, moved to Lu 'an with his great-uncle when he was young. There is the former site of Wang Lixin's reading room on Longxue Mountain. In the sixth year of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1246), Wang Lixin was a scholar. (Zhao Yun) praised him, saying that "this is also a talent", and he awarded Wujiang a book, made a magistrate a city, and built Kangjing Lake as an ambassador. In the third year of Ding Jing (A.D. 1262), he changed Zhizhou to Jiangzhou, set up an envoy along the river, and was soon promoted to an Anfu ambassador in Jiangxi and an Anfu ambassador in Hunan. In the ninth year of Xianchun (A.D. 1273), he served as the minister of war and the ambassador of Jinghu Anfu, knowing Jiangling House.
On the occasion of Yuan soldiers' massive invasion to the south, Wang Lixin offered suggestions and advised Jia Sidao to try his best to keep in touch with China soldiers along the Yangtze River, but he was jealous and disgusted by Jia Sidao. In the first year of Deyou (AD 1275), Yuan soldiers marched eastward along the river and forced them to Jiankang (now Nanjing). Jia Sidao was in charge of the armies on the Second River, and Wang Lixin was reinstated as a bachelor of Duanming Temple, and Jianghuai was set up along the river to recruit troops to reinforce the counties on the river. On the day of the imperial edict, Wang Lixin abandoned his wife and children and rushed to Jiankang. When the defenders were defeated, he led the troops to Gaoyou. I heard that Jia Sidao was defeated in Wuhu, and the Minister of Jianghan Garrison ran away. Knowing that the general trend was irreversible, he was generous and sad, saying that "he still had to die in Song soil today", but he choked to death.
3. How did gold destroy Liao and Song Dynasties? 1. In the second year of Liao Tianqing (ll 12), Lu Ye Hongji died in Hunjiang Xing Palace, and Yan Xi acceded to the throne, and his ministers were honored as Emperor Tianzhu.
After the rule of God, the resistance struggle of the Jurchen nationality was magnificent. In the fifth year of Liao Tianqing (A.D.115), Akuta became emperor and established the Jin Dynasty.
In the second year of Jiahe (Wu Gong 1 1 16), Gao Yong, a Bohai man, set up his own business in Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo, Liaoning Province, and Ston Zhang, the prime minister of Liaoning Province, gathered more than 20,000 hungry people to make a crusade. Gao Yongchang asked Jin for help, and Akuta took the opportunity to send troops to attack Liaodong and occupy Tokyo.
After that, they successively captured Beijing, Zhongjing, Xijing and Nanjing, and Emperor Tianduo fled to Tiande County (now north of Liang Hai, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) and Yinshan Mountain. At the same time that Jin captured the five capitals of Liao, Song Xuanhe was four years old and Jin Tianfu was six years old (male ll22). In the Northern Song Dynasty, Gongfu and Tong Guan attacked Liao on a large scale according to the agreement with Jinlian. Chang, led by Guo, acted as a pioneer and invaded Yanjing in October. Guo was defeated by Liao Xiaogan in the battle.
Emperor Tianzhu, who was already in a critical situation, did not follow the policy of going his own way, and Liao was divided many times. Liao newspaper for three years (1 123), Xiao Gan stood on his own feet, and Guo took the opportunity to avenge the past. Xiao Gan was defeated by his men and killed.
Emperor Tianduo was an era when heaven had no way and man and land had no way. He happened to meet the troops who did it, and got the military forces surrounded by Yinshan Stone. He thought he was a "god help" and overreached himself. He planned to send troops to recover Yan State and Yun State. Dashi discouraged the Emperor of Heaven from going his own way.
In the fourth year of Baoda University (A.D. 1 124), in July, Yeleshi and Tianzuo Emperor split and became king on their own. In February of the following year, Emperor Renyou was captured by Jin Bing 60 miles east of Yingzhou (now Yingxian County, Shanxi Province), and the Liao Dynasty perished.
2. After the death of Mongolian Khan in Mongolia, Kublai Khan returned to Kaiping from Ezhou. 1March 260, the Zongwanghui was held, which inherited the status of Khan and became the Great Khan of Mongolia.
Kublai Khan won the support of the Han landlords who surrendered to Mongolia, made Yanjing their capital, established a new feudal dynasty, and established the Yuan Dynasty in 127 1. At the same time that Kublai Khan (Yuan Shizu) established feudal rule, the conservative forces among the Mongolian aristocrats in Mobei held Ali Bouguer as the Great Khan of Mongolia.
After years of fierce fighting, Kublai Khan defeated the resistance of the Ali brothers, and then turned to the Song Dynasty. The newly established powerful Yuan Dynasty sent troops again, with the goal of finally eliminating the rule of the Song Dynasty.
The Yuan Army invading south was mainly attached to the Jin and Song Dynasties, not just Mongolian cavalry who didn't learn water warfare. In the era when Jia Sidao was in power, Liu Zheng, the envoy of Tongchuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, took 300,000 households from Luzhou and other states to Mongolia in 126 1 year.
1267, Liu Zhengjian's plan for Kublai Khan's crusade against the Southern Song Dynasty. He had to take Xiangyang and cross the river from Hanshui before the Song Dynasty could perish. The following year, Kublai Khan took Liu Zheng as the marshal of the capital, and along with the marshal of Nandu, Asu (Prince Wuliangha) invaded Xiangyang.
Liu Zheng and Asu plan to build 5,000 warships and train 70,000 sailors to prepare for crossing the river to destroy the Song Dynasty. If the Yuan army wants to take Xiangyang on the south bank of Hanshui River, it must first break Fancheng on the north bank.
1269 Spring, the Yuan Army besieged Fancheng. Zhang Shijie, commander-in-chief of Beijing and Shanghai, led the troops to refuse to fight and failed.
In July, Xia Gui, the deputy envoy of the system along the Yangtze River, led the boat division to meet the new one, and was defeated by Asu. Jia Sidao sent Ai Jiang and his son-in-law Fan to help him, but he was defeated again.
Van Hu Wen escaped in a canoe. 1270, the former Ministry was appointed as the general envoy of Jinghu Lake (died of illness), and led the troops to assist Xiang and Fan.
Fan also wrote to Jia Si, saying, "I will lead tens of thousands of soldiers to Xiangyang, and the first world war will be a draw. I hope I won't take orders from Jing Shuai (referring to Li Tingzhi). After the job is done, all the credit goes to Enxiang (Jia Sidao). "
Jia Sidao took the letter and ordered Fan to contain it, so that he could retreat under an excuse. Fan bought a song boy on the website and had fun day and night.
Yuan soldiers besieged Xiang and Fan. Kublai Khan sent history to the front to deploy.
Shi adopted Zhang Hongfan's suggestion, and ordered Zhang Hongfan to lead his troops to Lumen, cutting off Xiang and Fan's route for providing foodstuff. 127 1 year, East Road Yuan Army was sent to surround Xiangyang.
Yuan soldiers set out from Shaanxi and Sichuan to contain Song Jun. In June, Fan led his troops and 100,000 sailors from Huaibei to Lumen, surrounded by water, and was defeated.
Fan escaped at night. The warships were all taken away by the Yuan Army.
Xiangyang was stationed by his younger brother Lu, and was besieged for five years. There was no food in the city. 1272, when Li Tingzhi was in Yunzhou, he learned that there was a Niqing River in the northwest of Xiangyang, which originated from Fang Jun, built 100 canoes, recruited 3,000 militiamen and took a boat to Xiangyang.
Militia leaders Zhang Shun and Zhang Gui took the lead in taking the boat, armed with muskets, cannons and axes and crossbows, and went down the river. Yuan Chuanjun blocked the estuary, and there was no gap to enter. Zhang Shun and others cut off the chains and rafts set by the Yuan Army, fought for 120 miles, and arrived at Xiangyang at dawn.
Song Jun in the city looked forward eagerly and was full of courage. I haven't seen Zhang Shun for some time.
A few days later, another body came up, with four shots and six arrows, and a bow and arrow. Zhang Shun has been killed in battle.
After Zhang Gui entered the city, he sent two diving warriors to Fan to deliver books, and agreed to send troops to attack from Yunzhou. Lu, Zhang Gui and others. Will send guns and ships to the battlefield.
Ying soldiers don't come. Zhang Gui mistakenly thought that Yuan Bing was a bing soldier, so he led his troops into battle, was beaten dozens of times, and was defeated and captured.
O see Zhang Gui surrender, Zhang Gui unyielding, died. At the beginning of 1273, Zhang Hongfan set a plan for Asu, cut off the river course, cut off the connection between Xiangyang and Fancheng, and attacked Fancheng by land and water.
Fancheng was alone and helpless, and was ambushed by the Yuan Army. Fan Tianshun, the commander of the garrison, fought tenaciously and persevered.
City broken, hanged himself to death. The garrison commander Niu Fu led 100 people to fight in the street, killing many Yuan soldiers. Finally, he was seriously injured and threw himself into the fire.
After Fan Cheng's downfall, Lu, who was stationed in Xiangyang, defected in February. Xiang and Fan fell one after another, and the Southern Song Dynasty shook the dynasty.
Chen wrote a letter saying that Xiang and Fan's loss was due to Fan's cowardly escape, so please behead him. Jia Sidao forbid, only one officer, know anqingfu.
Chen Yushi said: I lost Xiangyang and let him know about Anqing House. I should be punished and rewarded. Jia Sidao relegated Chen.
Chen Zhongwei, the founder of Taifu Temple, wrote: "You are quite responsible for the crime of losing your friends. Those who make mistakes in their country dare not talk about humiliating and losing, and those who fail in their country do not know the opportunity of security and do not regret it.
Only when Xiang Jun suddenly changed his mind (Yi Fanqi f 1n) can what happened in the world be done. "Jia Sidao great anger, will Chen Zhongwei reprimanded out of the court, as a prison in Jiangdong.
Wang Lixin, a university student in Jinghu Lake, wrote to Jia Sidao, saying, "Nine times out of ten, the present situation is to sing peace in the palace, regardless of mountains and lakes, regardless of years, and reverse priorities. For today's plan, there are only two strategies: transferring troops from Inner County.
4. How many famous painters are there in Huangshan? First of all, your question is vague, so give a famous definition. I'll give you a list of Huangshan Calligraphy and Painting Association. Maybe you will know something about this problem. ...
List of members of the third leading group of Huangshan Artists Association
Consultant:
Wang Deqi Wang Lixin Lu Shen Wang Yunqing Bao Wang Shumin Li Qu Cheng Mingming
Cheng Jikeng leaves Zhu Shan Wang Zhubing Nature.
Honorary advisor:
Wu Quantang Fang Satellite Yao Cunshan Zhou Ye Rongliang
Honorary chairman:
Jiang Zhuang cheng bing
Chair:
Fan Haisheng
Executive Vice President:
Wang Fan, Junning Pan City, Wang Gongwei
Vice chairman:
Xiang Desheng Lou Wu Zhiming Wei Nong
Secretary general:
Wang Yi (concurrently)
Deputy Secretary-General:
Ling Zhengzhi Wang Gang's Victory Yu Qiuming
Executive Director: (34 people, in order of surname strokes)
Wang Xian Honglifang
Ba Cui Zhu Ya Zhuang Yongming Zhuang Wu Jiabao Wu Ping for agriculture Wu Rangze
Wu Wu Lailu Yu Qiuming Wang Zhang Hao Yuqi
Shao Bing Fan Haisheng Zheng Jin Tu Xiang Victory Xiang Desheng Yao Lai You Ling Zheng Zhi
Xiao Wen Fu Cheng Jian Cheng Changqing Lou Zhimingbao Li Jian Junning Pan
Manager: (69 people, arranged by surname strokes)
Ma Guiming Wang Xi 'an flew to Fangshan.
Fang Hong Li Fang Fang Fangfang Jian Ba Cui Lu Hong Wei Zhu Ya Zhu Shuangxi
Zhuang Yongming Bao Wu Wu Hai for agriculture.
Wu Rangze, Wu Lailu and Wu Yuqiuming
Yu Yu Yu Yu
Wang Yeli Angzhang
Shao Bing Fan Haisheng Zheng Jin Tuxiang Victory Xiang Desheng Hu Yaguang Shi Xinghua
Hong Bigang Hong Hong Jiang Hongling Yao Lai You Xu
Ling Xiaocheng Long Cheng Jian Cheng Changqing Lou Zhiming Bao Haiyan
Bao Li Jian Zhan Daning Junning Pan Pan Hongmei Pan Zhengen Dai Genru
5. Why did the Song Dynasty perish? Even the population of the Northern Song Dynasty is estimated to be over 100 million (1088 has more than 32 million people).
1079 garbo and militia 7 180000), and the number of standing soldiers was after the middle of the 0 th century, often in the millions.
Above. That is, on the eve of the imminent demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wang Lixin, Chen Jiasi and their three strategies still claimed that Jiangnan soldiers had crossed the river "and there were 600,000 available.
Hey. "Khitan nuzhen and Mongolian ancient capital have no such huge manpower. Zhao Kuangyin said that there were only 100,000 Khitan soldiers, and the first year of Jingkang was surrounded by 8 Jin J.
Bianjing, its number is only sixty thousand.
According to the research of Chinese and foreign scholars, when Mongolia was the most powerful, its population was only between12 million and 100.
Wan. In other words, Nuzhen moved to Kaifeng, and when its version reached its peak, it claimed that the population under its jurisdiction reached 45 million, which was controlled by both sides.
The population of the region should still be lower than that of the Southern Song Dynasty, and most of them are Han Chinese. Military rain in the era of Song Taizong and Zhao Guangyi.
There are already thousands of clothes and tents in the warehouse. The food records in the History of Song Dynasty also suggest that the warehouse is located in the inner hall of Zhao Zhuan, and it is a god Sect.
Thirty-two positions have been filled, and winning twenty positions is even more enviable.
Such a strong economic and military strength, but in the war with ethnic minorities, whether Xixia, Liao,
Jin and Meng all regarded Song, who had a million imperial troops, as a nipple. Song also failed to live up to expectations and finally died in a place with only one population.
Mongolia has two million.
It is hard to understand that Mongolia has created a miracle and established the largest empire in the world. Interestingly,
The weapon of the empire is Song's technology, and the craftsmen are Song's craftsmen. Guo, the famous soldier who attacked Baghdad, was a Han.
6. All the generals in the Seven Dynasties 1. Qin: Meng Tian, Bai Qi, Wang Jian, Wang Ben, Xin Li, 2. Han: Han Xin, Chen Tang, Fan Kuai,,,, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Zhou Yafu, Li Guang, Li Guangli, Li Ling and Zhao Guang. Deng Yu Dou Gu Doumao Duan Yi Gai Yan Geng Ping Geng Yan Huangfugui Huangfusong worshiped Jia Fukou and came to Song Li Liu Xiuma Wu Ma Yuan Ma Xianyan Anren Shang Wang Ba Wang Chang Wu Han Chyi Yu Xu Zhanghuan Zanggong Zhu Jun Lu Bu Zhao Yundian Wei Guan Yu Ma Chao Zhang Fei Huang Zhong Xu Chu Sun Ce Taishi Xiahou Dun Xiahou Zhangyuan. Taiwei Yan Zhangxiu, Ganning Prefecture, Huang Xu Wen Chou Yan Dengliang Ai Jiang Zhou Wei is too heavy Cao Ren Cheng Pu Huang Gai Lv Meng Yan Cao JASON ZHANG Wen Huaxiong Cang Ba Cao Hong Xu Sheng Sha Moke Yin-ho Jang Zhao Yang Hu Lidian Ji Lingyu Jinling Psychic Cao Tan Xiong Huangzu 3. Tang: Wei Chijingde (namely Weichi Gong), Li Jing, Qin (namely), Cheng, Huang Zu. Xu Maogong Ashina Xiaosu Li Ding Fang Guangbi Duan Zhixuan Liu Hongji Qututong Sun Qiang Shunde 4. Song: Yue Fei, Wang Yan, Cao Bin, Hu Yanzan, Yang, Pan Mei, Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun, Di Qing, Li Gang, Wang Lixin, Wen Tianxiang 5. Yuan: Temujin, Batu, Kublai Khan. , Xue Xian,, Deng Yu, Qi Jiguang, Yu Qian, Yu, Yuan Chonghuan, Qin Liangyu, Aquamarine, Deng Zilong, Zu Dashou, Li,,, Geng Bingwen, Li Jinglong, Guo Xing, Guo Ying, Geng Zaicheng, Shi Kefa, Li Dingguo and Wang Yangming. Qing:.