This paper mainly makes in-depth textual research, interpretation and collation on the epitaph of Tongren, Xu Mu. This paper briefly introduces the life of Xu Mu, and probes into and analyzes the historical, cultural and artistic values of his epitaph, which provides a reference for reevaluating its value and significance and protecting cultural relics.
Keywords: cultural value of Xu Mu's epitaph
First, Xu Mu's life.
Xu Mu (1565- 1624), Qin Zhi, is called a householder. Born smart and different, when you enter school and receive a book, you will read it and recite it. JUNG WOO and his cousin are employed by Dai Chengzhai. Twenty-two years of Wanli (1594), Wu Jia juren, twenty-nine years of Wanli (160 1), ugly scholar. In addition to serving as the magistrate of Chongde County, Zhejiang Province, he also moved to Wu Yuan, Henan Province to follow Zhuoxing. In the thirty-sixth year of Wanli (1608), Wu Shen was transferred to the guest department of Nanjing Criminal Department (Nanbi Department) and moved to the foreign minister. Stay in the department for leisure and entertain yourself with reading and poetry every day. In the forty years of Wanli (16 12), Renzi knew Xinghua Prefecture in Fujian for six years. Mu is in charge, and his affairs are broad, quiet and undisturbed. Bu Mo, no lawsuit, people's safety, urgent borrowing. Everything you saw in the past was good? Equal language. Emperor Zhu Yijun wrote a letter to him, saying that Fujian customs were harsh and harsh, which made him very embarrassed. Mu vs yue:? Before Fujian became an official, if you heard this and stood by Xinghua, you would know that it was no different from other provinces. ? On the other hand, he asked the officials to be very lucky, and all the plays were said to be purport. In the forty-sixth year of Wanli (16 18), he was promoted to the position of deputy envoy of Yunnan Provincial Court and took charge of the army. In the meantime, Qing. I encouraged myself, Hui Ze and others, and the elders and children in central Yunnan all paid tribute to their virtues, just like Fujian people. As soon as Qingyun appeared, according to the news above, business was in Mu. Muda Dali suffers from drought, Chengjiang suffers from water, and it is easy to see the husband. Because it has not caused disaster, it has not been heard. Today, it is auspicious that the celestial phenomena are hidden and difficult to know, but it is impossible to smell them, so let's go. Later, he sought to be transferred to Henan Political Department to participate in politics. Residents of counties along the Yangtze River lost reeds to build dams at the age of 20, and some companies used this as an excuse to extort money and harm the people for a long time. Mu banned it. Later, he was transferred to the Yunnan Political Department to participate in politics and was promoted to a judge in Yunnan Province. I have been an official for more than 20 years, and I have respected scholars and removed officials, and managed the country well. He is the author of two volumes of Poems and Grass in Fujian and Yunnan.
Second, the textual research of Xu Mu's epitaph.
Stamp amount:
Epitaph of Dr. Chiayi in Ming Dynasty, Zhong Ruxu, the provincial judge of Yunnan Province
Inscription:
Ming Jiayi doctor, epitaph of Yunnan provincial judge Zhong Ruxu.
Offering wine to Jinshi, Chaolie doctor and Nanjing imperial academy, Lin Yao and Yu Shudan;
Give Jinshi, Dr. Jia Xu and Chief Secretary Hu Guang the right to participate in politics.
To Jinshi, Dr. Zhong Xian, a former soldier and an engineer, all of whom are doctors from the Ministry of Water Resources, have a better understanding of government affairs in Fuzhou, Fujian.
Xu Jun, it's for Qin. It's cousin Zhong: Hey? Same? Kun? , that is, brother; Cousins are cousins. Qin is at least one year older and has been close since childhood. Holding Mr. Dai's door, the paper entered the Dragon Club, walked side by side, lived on the floor and stayed in bed for 30 years. Then, he wrote a book of sages and went to Zheng Guangwen, Fujian and Zheng Qian (692-764), a native of Xingyang, Zhengzhou. A famous painter, writer and poet in Tang Dynasty. Tianbao was originally named Xie Lvlang, then worked as a doctor in Wenguang Museum, and then moved to A Lang to work. In order to trap the Anshi Rebellion, Hu Si was demoted to Taizhou to join the army. He can write poetry and be good at painting and calligraphy, especially landscapes. Because of his wonderful poems, books and paintings, he was praised by Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Three wonders of Zheng Qian? . He is also good at geography, and he wrote "Tianbao Army Defence Record", which describes the dangerous events of mountains and rivers around the country. Confucianism said that it was just the right time. Zheng Guangwen? . Corporal. Has won the Nangong, for order, for lang, for defense. The strangest person, to keep the three mountains, Qin is also a symbol of Xinghua County, and the five horses are in charge of all the way. Jiayin (16 14) came to bed in spring and raised him at the end of the bed. Accompanied by Jin Xian, Qin lived in Yunnan and San Francisco for several years. In the spring of Jiazi (1624), Qin paid tribute with its great participation and returned by the sidewalk. They both felt a twinge of regret when they talked about the past. A few days later, Qin became ill and couldn't afford it.
This winter, Zhu Lang of Qin Zhi managed the mausoleum. I put my head in my hands and cried: The first doctor abandoned his unworthy brother for three years. The shallower he was, the less he would return: bury him. Unscrupulous brothers are uneasy every day. Fortunately, the sky is lonely, blessed with beautiful bridges, and Buji will one day. However, it was the life of the first doctor, which overflowed in the township review; Being an official is the best achievement, but in people's mouth, honesty is not easy to change. The number of servants is not good, and the brothers are dark and naive. Extreme prediction is impossible. One is to promote the first, if the words in the stone dare to disturb the uncle, let the unscrupulous brothers lend a helping hand to the fairy doctor. ? Ho ho! Ho ho! Giving Qin is life and death, and knowing Qin is the deepest. Qin's residence is always modest and never talks about his official achievements. I just can't list it in detail, and I can't bear to let the rectification festival disappear with the years. Please give me some examples:
You're afraid of Mu. In the previous world, you were a native of Hongdu. Because you are a layman, your words are praised. Linru is a noble family, and his great-grandfather is detailed in Xu's genealogy. Great-great-grandfather was born in the north building and slaughtered for his father. Long ears are rich, and there is still a baby color in his later years. Knowledge is not very rich, especially long poems, classics, and astrological letters. Conceited to know other people's lessons, among all nephews, I only love to give and give min, and try to be right every time I see it. Have a taste and say to your mother: The second son's national weapon will be great for you one day, so do it well! ? Public life is enshrined in the constitution. Thinking of the Year of the Crane, I am honest and taciturn. Yuan and Chen □ (Gong) were born with two sons, Changhe, and the second said. Following Fu Gongren, he gave birth to three sons, namely Jia, Su and barnyard grass. He is still in full bloom. Xu Sui is a huge bronze petal. Fang was born, hanging arc hanging arc: arc is bow; Hanging an arc: When a boy is born, it is an ancient custom to hang a bow at the left end of the door. Refers to a man's birthday. Born □ (Mausoleum) in nearby Chen Heng Chengongshan: the words are read in the middle, and the words are nearly balanced. In the thirty-second year of Jiajing (1553), there were 164 scholars in the domain. Shandong Yanzhou officials know each other. Eight people, including Zi, or Jinshi, were praised by Sun? Eight English? . The north building of Tongren Pavilion is modest and does not rely on itself. It belongs to Chen, and those who know it regard it as prosperous.
Qin's intelligence is extraordinary, he is determined to be promoted, and he is addicted to books. I don't know how many feet he has. Wanli (1594) took part in the provincial examination, but B Wei (1595) didn't come back. He was so excited that he forgot to eat and sleep in order to benefit from his career. Xin Chou (160 1) was the first scholar to make Zhejiang Chongde (now Jiaxing). Chong Jiahe was tired of listening. Qin's action was self-discipline, and he could not be good at Shangguan and adjust the order in Henan (now Yuanyang County). Wushen (1608) "Nanbi Department" Nanbi Department: After Judy moved to Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, she set up the same official office in Nanjing Palace according to Beijing Palace. Bibi is a general term for officials of the Ministry of Justice, and NanBibi is Bibi of Nanjing Palace. Stay in the department and entertain yourself with reading and poetry every day. Renzi (16 12) traveled from Wang Lang to Xinghua as a satrap for six years. He lived in peace, lived in peace, and was eager to borrow bandits. According to the biography of Kou Xun in the later Han Dynasty, Yao was the satrap of Yingchuan, with outstanding achievements, and then left his post. In the seventh year of Jianwu, Emperor Guangwu went south to Xiao Wei, and from there he went to Yingchuan. The people blocked the road and said that Guangwu:? I want to borrow another year from your majesty. ? And after that? Borrow Kou? Allusions to retaining good officials at the grassroots level. Only words like Xunliang were seen in the past, and documentaries were also covered. In the Wuwu Year (16 18), Vice Minister Yu Xian was in charge of Cang Lan's army. A few days later, I learned that parents and children in Yunnan are paying tribute to their virtues, just like Fujian people.
The disadvantages of husband and official management have a long history, and if they exist today, we should take them as a mirror to set the law and discipline. Shangguan is also intimate: intimate, close and intimate. If you are a child of your family, you will be treated as a jackal and avenge yourself. It is the place where Qin Jian-de sees and thinks, the chant of Gan Tang, and the loyalty to dolphin fish and dolphin fish: more humble. "Is it easy? Zhongfu:? Dolphin fish, auspiciousness, faith and dolphin fish also. ? Wang bi's note:? Fish and insects are hidden; Dolphin, humble beast. The way to compete is not glorious, and the virtue of CITIC is pure, although it is hidden and believed. ? Good is not false. Generally speaking, Qin is a person, his heart is deep and clear, his instrument is Yue Zhi, and he is indifferent to jade instead of pills.
Ailao: The ancient Ailao refers to the places where Puyi people lived in southwestern Yunnan and northern Myanmar, and its central area is Ailao Mountain in Baoshan, Yunnan. Wei and Ge Fang get together at night, offer a bottle of mash and taste what they like, respecting but not deceiving. After a long time, they opened the bottles, all of which were pure gold. The establishment of Qin is in line with the law, and it belongs to. Observe and act: make an announcement. Building a castle, money: money is money, money rope; Money is a string of money, which refers to wages. Hair, pocketing, guard pawn summer harvest gold 100 more than two, sealed in, qin surprise, violence and murder. Fan Qifu, a resident of the village, is the general manager of Jinyashao, accumulating more than 50 gold every month. Once the property was lost, he was done by people who were afraid of it. Qin looks cheap, all chased out, mailed to the rich in Qi, hung on the wall, and relied on it to save money. Gaqen's elaborate canon refers to all the beautiful things in the world, such as rubble and dirt, for the sake of being born. Indifference is not enough to move his heart, not just knowing four and being afraid of four: knowing four fingers? Who knows, who knows, I know, and my son knows? ; Four fears refer to fear and four knowledge. This refers to being honest and self-sufficient and not being bribed. It's already started.
Easy basket: bamboo mat. Zuo Yi refers to the time when the patient died. This time, he walked out of the suburb of Ma Rong, Wan Li, made the bamboo waves salty and called himself a toast. Live a long life and calmly show your illness to the end. What do you mean by immortality? Qin died on June 14th in Jiazi Year of the Apocalypse (1624). Born on May 23rd (1565), he enjoys 60 years in the Spring and Autumn Period. Marry Liao Shi, the eldest daughter of Liao Shun in Linchuan, Chu Shi. Kill the chicken as an example and make a fortune to seal the Shu people.
Zhang (has been ordered) three masters, in order to marry Li, two guards of Sichuan longan mansion, wish Li Gongnv was born; Next time, I married Yang, followed by Wang, Huguang Jianli and maid-in-waiting; Third, I came to Wei Xiao, married Wan, and married Xiang Fu Ling in Henan. All counties are born, and they have the wind of fathers.
Female one, suitable for the county town of Yang Hao.
Sun and Bai are still there, and they are the same. Female four, Yang Huo Festival in the eldest son county, with the child name A; I have nothing to say, just going in and out.
Bu Tianqi, Ding Mao (1627), Chun (Wang), hiding the true room on the 23rd day of the first month. Mausoleum is located in Maluyang, north of the city, facing the sea, which is divided into three parts. It is also Qian Ji's home. Yue Ming:
Your water is flowing, it comes from Linggu.
After ectopic pregnancy, Zhejiang people were educated.
This philosopher was born only for application.
The state is straight and the country is a minister.
Curiosity is jade, and luck is forest.
An official with feet: an official used to praise the wise in ancient times. According to five generations? Wang Renyu, the legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao? There are feet in spring. Song Jing loves the people and worries about things, and the ruling and opposition parties return to the United States. When people are salty, they are called Jiing. It is spring with feet, and everywhere they go, they are like warm things in spring. ? .
In spring, there are songs and dances.
When you cross the river, it will rain when it dries.
The valley of famine is the milk of hungry children.
A gentleman is the father of the people.
His life is floating, so is his death.
The beautiful city is lush and full of people and ghosts.
Heaven has virtue, and heaven is a mountain.
Yan Yanqing, billions of years!
The seven-year apocalypse was in Dingmao (1627), the 23rd auspicious day in Meng Chun. Filial Piety-Jin, Yu, Wei Xiao, Mourning □ (Blood) Monument.
Press: (Because the original text is punctuated by paragraphs, it is written in modern characters, and missing words and illegibility are indicated by □. As far as possible, fill it in brackets according to the meaning of the context, and add the Gregorian calendar year after the year of heavenly stems and earthly branches for reference. )
Third, the historical, cultural and artistic value of calligraphy.
On the 23rd day of the first month of the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), Xu Mu's tomb was located in Jiaochong, about five kilometers northeast of tongren city. In the late 1980s, because the tomb was stolen many times, the Xu family in Chayuan Mountain examined its remains and moved it to the Xu ancestral grave 199 1 in Chayuan Mountain. The epitaph unearthed in Xu Mu is still preserved in Chayuan Mountain. It has been buried in the grave for 382 years.
Xu Mu's epitaph is called "Epitaph of Doctor Jia Yi of Ming Dynasty and Yunnan Provincial Judge Zhong Ruxu". This epitaph is dedicated to Lin, a Jinshi and Chaolie doctor who was drinking in imperial academy.
Lin was born in Putian (now Putian, Fujian). In the seventeenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1589), he was a scholar, from Jishi Shu to the history of the Ministry of Rites. Good at calligraphy, Wei Zhongxian advised against learning it. Zhong Xian ordered Yuyao to write a letter with a flat topic. A big book is afraid of the sky. Title: Letter from the Minister of Rites. He is the author of Poems of Past Dynasties and Poems of Living in Seclusion. Books; Give Jinshi, Dr. Jia Xu and Chief Secretary Hu Guang the right to participate in politics. Yan was an Anfu person in Ming Dynasty. Wanli Jinshi, awarded Ninghai order, and learned Jingzhou satrap. He was the deputy envoy of Guizhou prison army, who accidentally entered the customs, captured it and put down the rebellion of Anbang Yan. Moved to Henan to participate in politics, deployed envoys in Shanxi, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, and returned to official positions. Stamp amount; Jin Shidi, Dr. Zhong Xian, a former soldier and former engineer, are all doctors from the Ministry of Water Resources, and know the official business in Fuzhou, Fujian (1564- 1659): Zhang Lan, a native of Tongren. Ming Wanli Wu Jia (1594) Xie Yuan and B Wei joined forces with Jie Jie Jinshi, except for Huguang Longyang County Decree. He became the director of water affairs department of Nanjing Ministry of Industry, moved to Nanjing Military Affairs Department as a doctor, and became the official magistrate of Fuzhou. Write articles;
Xu Mu's epitaph has two stones, seventy-four centimeters high and seventy-seven centimeters wide, with a forehead of twenty crosses, four lines and five words in each line. They are the full names of epitaphs, and the seals are engraved in yin. Shi Zhi is 76 cm high and 7 1 cm wide, with 39 lines, full of 44 words, and one line high, *** 1484 words. Second division *** 1504. The full text is rambling in many places, and the four words are unclear, which can still be recognized according to the context. The fifth word in line 32? Zhang? It's already been ordered, the 20 th word in line 34? Wang? Words that should be saved by a clerical error.
The inscription was written by JUNG WOO (1564- 1659), a scholar and cousin of the tomb owner at the end of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. The content involved politics, culture, family and society at that time. It not only introduces the general situation of Xu family's social communication and marriage and friendship, but also introduces his life. Generally speaking, Qin is a person, his heart is deep and clear, his instrument is Yue Zhi, jade is not a pill, but he doesn't care about anything. ; For the official: From Wang Lang to Xinghua for six years, the people are safe. They are eager to learn their politics, and they are eager to learn from each other. Are there any words that you only saw in the past? ; For the people: Wherever Qin went, he saw virtue, and everywhere he went, Gan Tang said in unison. He is loyal. He can be a dolphin or a fish. Is it good or not? And other deeds, showing sincere admiration and praise. These contents are of great reference value for us to study local culture, especially family culture today. Among them, writing, seal cutting and calligraphy are temporary cultural celebrities from Jinshi. As the calligraphy of Lin Yaoyushan in imperial academy's wine offering ceremony, even Wei Zhongdun didn't want to write for him, but he was able to write for his epitaph, which was enough to show the charm of being an honest official. At the same time, it also shows the influence of Xu's family culture at that time.
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His calligraphy art inherits Weibei's style, and has implications of Zhong You, Wang Xianzhi, Wang Chong and Zhu Zhishan in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Its style is fresh and natural, bold and steep, simple and simple, with a heavy and ancient atmosphere. It is a rare calligraphy masterpiece among the Ming Dynasty epitaphs unearthed in China.