What works use spring and autumn brushwork?

The spring and autumn brushwork is a descriptive writing method initiated by Confucius, which is called "slightly expressing meaning". Nowadays, it is often called a tortuous writing method, which has the meaning of praise and derogatory. Euphemistically express the author's tendency, not directly show his attitude, and let people know it in twists and turns. It is also a compliment, a concise and implicit comment on personnel.

The so-called "Spring and Autumn Calligraphy", also known as "Spring and Autumn Calligraphy" or "Sketching Meaning", is a historical narrative method and skill in ancient China. As the name implies, a brushwork, or an art of using language, is a method of writing articles initiated by Confucius, that is, expressing the author's ideological tendency in the narration of articles, rather than expressing it through rhetoric of argumentative essays. Zuo Qiuming summed it up as "implicit and obvious, ambitious and gloomy, graceful and logical, non-polluting, punishing evil and persuading good".

As the tradition of China's historical narration, the Spring and Autumn brushwork originated from the legendary Spring and Autumn Annals. Lu's historical work Spring and Autumn Annals. According to legend, Confucius repaired it. Scholars believe that every word it uses must contain praise and criticism. In Historical Records, Zuo Qiuming made a subtle exploration of the occult, and made a precise summary of this brushwork for the first time: "The name of the Spring and Autumn Annals is subtle and obvious, with a gloomy ambition and a gentle chapter, and it does everything without pollution, punishing evil and persuading good. Who can fix it without a saint? " (Translation: The description of Spring and Autumn Annals has fine words and obvious meanings, and records profound historical facts. It is witty and logical, exhaustive without distortion, warning evil and praising kindness. If you are not a saint, who can write? )

Because Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Annals, he implied praise and criticism when describing history. Although he didn't directly explain his views on people and things, he euphemistically and implicitly expressed the author's subjective views through detailed description, rhetorical devices (such as word selection) and material selection. In order to explain Confucius' thoughts, later writers wrote special works to explain the inner meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals, especially some details about ceremonies.

For example, "Wu Gong was angry and slaughtered it, saying," Hu, the country of brothers. What's the point of criticizing Yan Zi? "Since he (Guan) has been killed, there is no need to use the humble title of' Zi' to address people.