What does the circle in the ancient book line mean?

In the transaction of ancient books, the circle is a very important symbol It represents the book reviewer's evaluation of a book. Usually, calligraphy or hand-drawing is used to add one or several circles at a certain position on the inner page of the book to express the information such as the appearance, authenticity and preservation status of the book. The connotation of the circle is very rich, including price tag, signature, date, score and so on. When we encounter books in the circle, we need to study and interpret the information contained in them carefully.

Appraisers in ancient books will use circles to mark the appearance and historical background of books. Different symbols represent different values. The number, shape and color of circles also have different meanings. Common identification methods include poking, scraping and hooking. Among them, stamps are particularly noteworthy. The seal can contain the appraiser's name, organization name, grade, date and other information, which is one of the important signs to judge the authenticity of books. Therefore, in the transaction of ancient books, sellers and buyers must pay attention to the significance and value of each circle, so as to distinguish books and do what they can.

Circle is widely used in the field of ancient books and has high historical and cultural value. We can know the characteristics and changes of ancient calligraphy from the style and brushwork of the circle. The circle also reflected the economic and cultural situation at that time. Through the circle, we can deeply understand the business model at that time, the history of calligraphy, the authenticity of historical materials and other fields of information. Therefore, for collectors and lovers of ancient books, the circle is often one of the important factors to evaluate a book.