First, do everything, do everything.
Try your best and be more serious in everything, which is the outstanding performance of Lin Zexu's diligence. During the reign of Jiaqing Daoguang, officials ignored political affairs and got tired of playing, which became an "incurable disease". (93) These people "know nothing about the national economy and people's livelihood except wealth; I don't know what talent is except for private parties. " (94) Lin Zexu, who grew up in this atmosphere, was not influenced by Liu Yu. "He never died in an official position, never met a guest, never kissed pen and ink." (95) "Everything is made by hand, and I don't want to have artificial hands." (96) He often "has nothing to do with himself and stays up at midnight". (97)
When Lin Zexu was an official in Beijing, he passed the provincial examination and worked as an examiner. In order to select real talents, he is very careful in every exam, especially in marking papers. "Where the first four articles, one by one have a comment on writing; The stained volumes will be approved in different places, and the originals will be recorded by themselves, so that no one will comment on the same. " ⑥ According to the diary of 18 16, he served as the deputy examiner of Jiangxi Province. He entered Hiram Hospital on August 6th and published the list on September 9th. He closed the door and stayed in Sukhoi Hall of Hiram Hospital. In order to prevent the test questions from leaking, he wrote the test questions himself, ordered the engraver to enter the classroom, and then supervised the printing with the screen officer all night, from the afternoon of the first day to the morning of the next day, until 1. 1 000 test papers were handed over to the prison officer. I was busy for fifteen or sixteen hours before I had to go into the house to catch up on my sleep. In order to admit defeat in talent, he began to review the official recommendation of each room from August 15, and didn't finish reviewing the recommendation of 45 1 until the 30th. Each candidate has four works in the first performance, and everyone has written their own comments. And on the first day of September 12, I read two or three papers, compared them with each other, and then sent them to each room for checking. I read the examination papers from the third day of September to the sixth and fourth days of September, but I found the number 2 1 in the examination papers and was admitted immediately. After the list was published, I realized that this volume was written by Zhou, who was famous for his talents. After such careful selection, the public opinion reflected very well after the list was issued. "It is said that there are many poor students recorded this time, which is called' clear list'." ⑦
This is true for marking examination papers, and so is other work. 1In the winter of 824, Lin Zexu stayed at home for only three months, and the high weir of Hongze Lake in northern Jiangsu burst 10000 feet. Hudong Baoying, Gaoyou and other 10 counties were flooded. With the breach of the high weir, the water level of Huaihe River drops, and the water depth of Hongze Lake is only more than 5 feet, which brings great difficulties to water transportation. To this end, the Qing court ordered him to "seize the feelings" to supervise the dike repair work. During the months of supervision, he wore mourning clothes almost every day and went out to check the dike work rain or shine. "The foreman is in full swing. Under the scorching summer sun, one day lasts for a week. I will talk to my assistant about painting without getting tired, and I will walk in the mud after the rain. " ⑧ River forage is the primary requirement for restoration and prevention, and it is also the primary disadvantage of river engineering. Successive river supervisors and river supervisors are perfunctory, and the round trip is only half a month. Ren Lin is the governor of Hedong, but he is very serious about it. There are more than 7,000 stacks of * * * materials in the two banks of the Yellow River in eastern Henan/Museum KLOC-0/5. Wherever he went, he "always walked through the stalls one by one, measured their height, width and feet, compared their old and new realities, drew them if they were loose, dismantled them if they were in doubt, tied them according to the number of piles and weighed them." There is no pile that cannot be measured, and there is no hall that cannot be demolished. It is difficult for workers to hide. " Pet-name ruby it took more than a month to complete the inspection. When Daoguang Emperor learned of this incident, he was deeply impressed by Zhu Pi: "No one has ever inspected the pile in the river so seriously." "So diligent, disadvantages will be self-defeating! All officials should be like this, especially river workers. " ⑩
The rise and fall with disadvantages and remarkable achievements are another outstanding performance of Lin Zexu's diligence. During Jia Dao's reign, there were many disadvantages. Zhang Mu described the situation at that time as follows: "Good manners and good intentions, everything exists in name only. For example, people have the same facial features and hands and feet, but their tricks are ineffective and their movements are stagnant. " (1 1) How to solve all kinds of disadvantages and save the dying rule became the most urgent problem for the Qing government. When Lin Zexu visited Zhou Zibo, he was not only well aware of all kinds of disadvantages, but also good at distinguishing priorities and taking effective measures to promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages, and achieved remarkable results, gaining the reputation of "endless, no evil and no law". ( 12)
Due to disrepair, the coastal dikes in the south of the Yangtze River are often washed away by the tide. There is no safety guarantee for the lives and property of nearby residents. Among them, the pond in Baoshan County is as long as16,000 feet, and the situation is the most dangerous. /kloc-in the summer of 0/835, the dike was washed away by more than 5,000 feet. Lin Zexu was reported that he thought it necessary to start overhaul and make a plan once and for all. It is estimated to cost 202,000 yuan. At this time, Zhejiang seawall was overhauled and Kuyin was just used. He found it inconvenient to ask for more money. He decided to take the lead by himself, led officials at all levels of the four prefectures to donate money, and persuaded the squire of Baoshan City to donate money enthusiastically, and successively raised more than one million yuan/kloc-0. So while purchasing materials, I went to Jiading and nearby Shanghai to lobby gentry and businessmen for donations. As a result, the Baoshan seawall started in September of that year and was basically completed in May of the following year, without spending a penny from the state treasury. At the same time, more than 5,200 feet of Shimen and Suitang River were built.
Alvin was one of the three major policies of that year. Due to multi-head management and division of powers and responsibilities, the accumulated disadvantages are increasing day by day. "Everyone can talk about the unfavorable reasons; And the way to save the disadvantage, everyone is very helpless. If you follow the rules, you will rely on Hu Di, and if you punish people, you will see the wrong public. " (13) after Lin zexu became the governor of Jiangsu province, he adopted the policy of "rectifying Cao Qian and punishing it first" within the scope of his duties; Clear the warehouse, especially cut off the water ",divide the grain between the old and the new," be stricter than the new, and gradually blame the old "; At the same time, the measures to increase consumption and reduce consumption in the public and private sectors were appropriately adjusted, and the actual burden of local people was reduced a lot, and the collection of money and grain also received good results. In terms of transportation, Zhenjiang is the throat of water transportation in the south of the Yangtze River, and most of the grain in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces needs to be transported to Beijing through this place. But the canal south of Zhenjiang is a waterway cut by mountains and has no water source of its own. Irrigate the people and supply grain ships by drawing water from the Yangtze River. When the river ebbs, the grain carrier must push and pull hard, and the labor cost will double than usual. Therefore, it is often necessary to increase the burden on local governments. After investigation, Lin Zexu decided to start with the construction of water conservancy and finally solved this long-standing problem. It turns out that in the west of the canal, there is a spring to practice the lake and take care of the nearby mountains. In the past, water was diverted from Lianhu Lake to ensure the smooth flow of the river. Later, because Shanglian Lake was changed into a natural subject, Xialian Lake was blocked for a long time, and there was little water storage. Therefore, we have talked about digging lakes and building dams many times, but we always think it is too expensive to start construction. After Lin Zexu became the governor of Jiangsu Province, he personally visited the site and decided to build water storage and reduction dams and stone gates for water storage, transportation and irrigation of civil fields. All the funds are donated by ourselves, and the local people are persuaded to donate. Landlords and tenants affected by irrigation revenue, whether they contribute or not, openly elect directors and managers under official supervision. According to the plan, raise funds to start work. By 1834 in Xia Dong, various projects were completed one after another. In addition, the Zhangguandu sluice was rebuilt, which changed the traffic system in the south of Zhenjiang. At that time, it happened that the Dantu River was dry in winter, and empty grain ships could not pass. Linnai personally supervised the opening of Jiyun new sluice, and the water from Lianhu Lake kept flowing out, which could actually flow back to dozens of miles away. Water was released several times in a row, and the empty grain ships passed smoothly, which immediately received satisfactory results. ( 14)
Lin Zexu attached great importance to the close relationship between talents and politics, so he spared no effort to cultivate and support talents. During his tenure as governor, he took the patrol officer as his primary duty and attached great importance to the usual patrol of his family. Everything you see, hear, say and do is confidential. For subordinates, whenever they find excellent works, they will "answer them in person and return the favor". Someone asked him, isn't it cumbersome to do so? He said: "The poor people have gained weight because of this, and the officials have also helped them with righteousness, whether the department is solid or not." (15) In fact, this is a meticulous training and encouragement for subordinates. He measures the quality of talents, not only by listening to their words, but also by paying more attention to their actual performance, and also by examining their effectiveness and the reaction of the masses. The talents he recommended were discovered by his usual careful investigation. Zhang Dui's transcendence is a typical example. Lin and he have a selfless relationship. 1842, Lin helped run a river project in Henan, and Zhang also supervised the construction of Xiba. He gave 3000 yuan, but Zhang refused to accept it. After Lin knew it, he kept it a secret. 1846, Zhang became the magistrate of Lin 'an, Yunnan. The following year, Governor Yelin Yungui. Zhang Ying bowed to the roadside. Lin is very happy. "I remember the golden years when I held hands." Zhang himself has long forgotten this matter. (16) After Lin arrived in Kunming, he met with Li Hengqian, the magistrate of Yongchang, several times to solve the contradiction between Hui and Han. Seeing that he was "indecisive by nature, unable to make up his mind", he could not shoulder the heavy responsibility of rectifying this very important place, so he called Zhang Yongchang the magistrate. After Zhang took office, he made great efforts and made remarkable achievements. "After being transferred for more than a year, he was able to break the habit that was difficult to break for many years." From this, Lin decided that Zhang's talents were of great use, so he devoted himself to the secret performance, suggesting that "if he is in charge of Tunxi and Yunnan Province in the future, if Zhang Chunpu is kind, he can try his best to report it in order to gain personal effects." (17) In July of that year (1849), under the sponsorship of Lin Zexu, Zhang was promoted to the position of provincial judge in Yunnan, political envoy in March of the following year, governor in Yunnan in August and governor in Yunnan in December. Before and after more than a year, that is, from the county magistrate to the provincial government. This was rare in the Qing Dynasty.
Throughout his life, Lin Zexu is famous for his fairness and honesty. No matter what you do, you always do it for public welfare, treat it sincerely, and the same is true for cultivating young reserve forces. He once said: "recommending sages is a matter for the country, not for friends." (18) under the guidance of the idea of seeking talents for the country, he is thirsty for talents, but he does not recommend himself easily; Once recommended, he will be an outstanding talent. Judging from the existing literature, there are only dozens of people supported by Lin Yisheng, and many of these people have made great achievements. Among them, it is especially valuable to cultivate young and promising talents. First, I like Feng Guifen. Shortly after Lin became the governor of Jiangsu Province, he found that Feng was unusual from the Academy of Sciences and praised him for "being unique for a while". (19) He immediately recruited him to the government office to revise the Beizhi Water Conservancy Manuscript and its documents. Feng later became a famous reformist thinker in modern times. The second time was Li Xingyuan. Lin learned from Tao Shu that Li Xingyuan's "kindness is the best in the world", that is, "the client hired him for a thousand dollars." (20) Later, although Li went to Beijing to take the exam, he failed to enter the exam. However, after Li 1832 entered imperial academy, he entered imperial academy as an editor, magistrate and judge. /kloc-he was promoted to the governor of Shaanxi in 0/0, and soon he was promoted to the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou and the governor of Liangjiang. Finally, after Lin died, Lin became an imperial envoy and died in the army. The third is Hu Linyi. When Hu was an editor in the Hanlin Academy, he served as 1840 deputy examiner of Jiangnan Provincial Examination. Because the examiner took a juren Xiong Shaomu to read the papers, Hu didn't report it, so he was transferred to the next level. The following year, Hu Ding returned to China. Then I wandered between mountains and rivers and didn't want to come back to be an official. Knowing that Hu Cai was worthy of saving the world, Lin Zexu wrote to encourage him. Hu Cai decided to return. During his tenure as governor of Shaanxi, Lin was given a cabinet book by Shaanxi Province, which was promoted to magistrate and distributed to Guizhou for supplementary use. (2 1) During his tenure as a magistrate in Anshun and Guizhou, Hu managed well and made outstanding achievements. Finally, he became the governor of Hubei and became a famous minister in Xianfeng era. The fourth is left. Lin Zexu learned from Tao Shu that he was an outstanding talent in his early years. Later, Lin became the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, and proposed to be recruited into the shogunate on the recommendation of Hu Linyi. Because Zuo is educating Tao Shu's son, that is, Zuo's son-in-law, he didn't answer the phone. Soon, Lin resigned due to illness and returned to other places. He made a detour to Changsha to make an appointment with a left-wing meeting. After Lin Zexu arrived in Changsha, Hunan civil and military officials came to visit. As soon as Lin Bu saw the red poster of "Hunan Left", he immediately thanked the officials and "looked at it alone". (22) Take the boat to a quiet place and hold a banquet. As soon as he saw the left, he was called a peerless wizard. (23) The two talked about the military affairs for a day and a night, and talked about everything, paying special attention to the northwest border defense. In the narrative, Lin has "high hopes" for Zuo. This in-depth conversation inspired Zuo a lot and laid the foundation for his later contribution.
Second, "the people are in danger, but they should wake up."
Caring for people's sufferings and attaching importance to social production occupies an important position in Lin Zexu's diligent performance, which is another important content of Lin Zexu's diligent work. As an official of the Qing Dynasty, Lin Zexu's primary duty was to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty. He is superior to ordinary officials in that he pays more attention to the relationship between people's sufferings and ruling stability. He once said: "Officials lack compassion, the people are poor, the people are not poor, and the farmers are poor, especially the hardworking farmers." (24) It is particularly worth pointing out that he sympathized with, protected and enriched the people with solid policies. Even for the survival of the people, he entered the show alone, "not afraid to plead for the people." (25) He really achieved that "the people are in danger, but they should wake up." (26)
Disaster relief is related to the survival of millions of hungry people, and Lin Zexu thinks it is more important than trying the case of life theft. He said: "when a local official handles a case of life theft, if there is a cause of death, he will be compensated, but it is only a personal matter;" If relief is eroded, it is to take food from thousands of people who are dying and die quickly. Even if you escape the French Open, God will not tolerate it. " (27) Because he fully understood the importance of disaster relief, he tried his best to help the hungry people every time when natural disasters continued year after year. 1823, Lin was appointed as the provincial judge of Jiangsu province, and met with the worst flood in decades, and it was dark. Li Lin, the governor, is smart and has entrusted him with all the disaster relief work in the province. On the one hand, he tried his best to distribute millions of disaster relief funds allocated by the state treasury to the hungry people who were eager for relief, so as not to let officials, health supervisors and soil sticks embezzle them; At the same time, together with the governor and the county government, donate money to help the poor; And set up donation persuasion bureaus in various places to mobilize rich households to donate. Because the comprehensive management is accurate and the measures are effective, "the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled are not counted, and the money is not sloppy at all." And for the policy of being a cow, winter quality and spring redemption will test the original owner of each cut horn. In the spring ploughing the following year, no one died, and the people sang loudly, which was called "Lin Qingtian". (28)
During his tenure as an official in various provinces, Lin helped the victims many times. In order to prevent various disadvantages in disaster relief, many measures have been taken. Among them, the most commendable is:
(1) Formulating strict relief regulations to prevent various abuses. Lin Zexu pointed the finger at the corrupt practices and sticks of officials in the past. 1833, during his tenure as governor of Jiangsu province, he personally ordered detailed relief procedures, stipulating that relief for victims "must fill in the form in person; People must face the test; Tickets must be given in person; I checked a house, and the door was written with putty; After checking a village, all the thoroughfares in the household registration list will be listed for everyone to see. After checking several villages and counting the meetings, the Committee members reported to the manager first, but the flower book was transferred to the county. (29) According to the above-mentioned relief procedures, officials only need to go to the countryside to check with a clear discount, and if they find that the printed tickets, copies and lists are inconsistent with the clear discount, they can send them to the members with help. Ask for instructions from superiors at different levels. If it is found that the official members of India share the same position, they will participate in it if there are disadvantages. The method of posting greatly improves transparency and is the most powerful measure to prevent official members from cheating.
(2) set an example and vigorously advocate the donation of money by the government and the people. The national relief fund is limited and the relief needs are wide. A drop in the bucket, if only relying on limited state relief, can not solve the problem. Therefore, every time disaster relief, Lin Zexu always takes the lead in donating money and advocates donations from all parties. For example, in 1833, the Qing court only gave Jiangsu130,000 yuan in relief, so Lin took the lead in advocating and persuading officials and people to give generously, thinking that this was a plan to help the poor and the rich. The result is remarkable. Suzhou donated 1 43,000 yuan, Baoshan 92,000 yuan, Dantu county 80,000 yuan, Shanghai county 78,000 yuan, Jiading county 55,000 yuan, Jiangyin county 50,000 yuan, and other places110,000 to 40,000 yuan. (30) The total amount far exceeds the national appropriation, saving countless hungry people.
(3) Work for relief, killing two birds with one stone. Using disaster relief funds as funds for water conservancy construction, or replacing disaster relief funds with water conservancy funds, and organizing the victims with working ability to participate in public welfare undertakings such as water conservancy construction, not only solved the labor problem of water conservancy construction, but also achieved the effect of disaster relief. "Water conservancy promotes the country and the victims help each other" is the best of both worlds.
(four) to mobilize students to participate in the review, and reasonably solve the wages, paper and food expenses of relief workers. In order to prevent the Disaster Relief Committee from finding an excuse to misappropriate disaster relief funds, both Lin and the governor donated their salaries to the Disaster Relief Committee, thus putting an end to their excuses for embezzlement and misappropriation. College students are cleaner. In order to prevent relief workers and officials from practicing fraud, Lin specially mobilized college students to go to the countryside for re-examination with relief tickets, effectively ensuring that relief funds benefited the hungry.
(5) Raise funds by oneself to adopt and support people who are extremely poor and hungry. Lin Zexu's relief, "everything reflects people's feelings", ensures that all kinds of hungry people can get more benefits. It is the best proof that "the money raised is enough to help the extremely poor". 1846 Shaanxi drought, xi' an and other four houses stored grain in regular warehouses 165438+ 1 100 million stones. In order to solve the problem of feeding people in famine years, all localities have increased loans in accordance with the previous measures. Lin Zexu believes that at this time of "sorry for the high price", these poor people who buy food are worried about the high cost of food and need to adjust urgently. They should not lend their stored food to those who are famous for their continuous production. But I actually lent it to the poor, but I was afraid that if I didn't pay it back, it would cause people's debts. Therefore, instead of lending on a case-by-case basis, it is better to go as usual. At the same time, I realized that "extremely poor people, old and young, sick and disabled, can't afford food even if the price is reduced." "This is a kind of suffering, especially pity ... only official adoption, so as not to starve to death on the way." (3 1) Under his advocacy, three or four thousand poor and helpless hungry people were adopted in Xi 'an alone; He also ordered all localities to handle it on their own. As usual, the required funds were not handed over to the state treasury, but were advocated by their own donations. At the same time, he urged "powerful households to give money and rice to villages, let recipients know and let recipients see virtue". Due to the proper handling, the people of Shaanxi are grateful.
Playing multiple-choice questions and daring to plead for the people can best illustrate Lin Zexu's concern for the people. Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Taicang and other places, only 500 miles wide, bear 9/ 10 of Jiangsu Province's money. 1833 during the summer and autumn, a flood occurred north of the Yangtze River. In September and 10 when late rice is ripe, it rains continuously in Susong and other places. Although the rice has been granulated, it is only half-pulped. Lin Zexu looked around in the boat and saw with his own eyes that the ears of rice were either empty shells or semi-pulp. The uncut ones are submerged in paddy fields, and the cut ones are mostly moldy and germinated because they can't dry. According to the usual practice, there will be no autumn disaster in September, and it is not allowed to report disasters after September. Susong and other genera were seriously affected in 10, and the losses were unprecedented. For the benefit of the masses, we have to report it. At the same time, I received a letter from the Minister of Military Affairs, sternly condemning "Jiangsu and other provinces have not delayed in recent years, and the state funds are regular. How can we delay development year after year and regard it as a precedent? " (32) There is another imperial edict, which accuses Tao Shu, Lin Zexu and others by name of "refusing to take responsibility for the country and not putting national plans first" ... nothing more than taking care of the private affairs of officials, who only know how to gain fame. (33) Under this severe condemnation, even the governor of Liangjiang, Tao Shu, hesitated to invite him again; Lin Zexu felt that he had to insist on delaying the collection. Therefore, Yan Yan made a multiple-choice question, and put it into full play. She tearfully described the sufferings of the people in the south of the Yangtze River, expounded the dialectical relationship between the national economy and people's livelihood, and pointed out that "caring for people's livelihood is the reason to improve the national economy" and "the wider it is, the more energetic it is". (34) Daoguang was finally moved by his sincere heart and approved the request to postpone the collection of money and grain in Susong and other places.
Relief and extension are acts of sympathy for the people, but they are forced to do so in a disaster year. In order to "support the people and enrich the country", the fundamental solution is to build water conservancy and develop production. Lin Zexu pointed out: "Farmland is endowed with water, so water conservancy is the foundation of farmland and cannot be neglected." (35) In fact, at that time, the source of food and clothing for the people of the whole country depended entirely on agriculture. Failure to repair water conservancy will not only affect the land tax revenue of the ruling class, but also affect the livelihood and safety of the broad masses of people and the development and prosperity of society. As Lin said in another place, "the rise and fall of water conservancy is related to farmland and humanities." (36) Because of this, Lin Zexu always paid attention to water conservancy construction all his life. Water control has become one of the major achievements of his life. 1820 started Hangjiahu Road and built seawalls, which is the "virtue of scholars". Since then, he has left his achievements in water control everywhere in Jiangnan seawall, Fuzhou West Lake, Yellow River, canals, Taihu Lake basin waters, Yangtze River, Hanshui River, northern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang.
Water conservancy irrigation in Taihu Lake basin involves Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Due to disrepair, the river is blocked, and it will flood when it rains. As early as 1824, the provincial officials of the two provinces decided to jointly dredge the three rivers (Wusong River, Huangpu River and Liuhe River) and recommended Lin Zexu to take charge. Later, due to the death of Lin Mu, mourning should be suspended. 1825 After Tao Shu took over as governor of Jiangsu, he repaired Wusong River with more than 200,000 yuan saved by shipping. The Huangpu River has also completed some dredging work. However, although the Liuhe River and Baimao River in the north were managed by Tao Shu in different years, they have not been started due to lack of funds. During 1832, when Lin was the governor of Jiangsu, the river was silted up day by day, and Taihu Lake was flooded for years, which was in urgent need of repair. The most difficult thing at that time was funding. At first, it was estimated that the two rivers needed to repair 402 thousand silver. Although he was ordered to collect the rice price exchanged over the years for repairing the Liuhe River, the accumulated amount over the years was only 52,000, which was far from enough. After repeated consideration, Lin Zexu decided to start from two aspects: open source and throttling. In order to save the cost of river engineering, he decided to give up the plan of crossing the sea and choose the design of Qingshui River instead. The overflow water stored in two rivers in the northeast of Taihu Lake will be used to irrigate nearby farmland. In addition, in Liuhe Estuary and Baimao Estuary, rolling stone dams have been built to prevent tide and sediment from flowing back. When the inland river rises, people can still pour out of the dams. According to the new scheme, the total savings of the two rivers is 1/3. In addition to the stock of 52,000 yuan, Liuhe funds were allocated with a silver price of 53,000 yuan, and the insufficient part was borrowed from the sealed funds. Changzhou, Suzhou, Songsong, Taisan, etc. 16 counties that will share water conservancy in the future will be equally distributed according to the amount of silver and amortized for 8 years. Because it is inconvenient for Baimaohe to use official funds again, he took the lead to promote the donation of cheap silver with Sidaofu, and urged the gentry and businessmen to donate money. In this way, the funding problem that has been delayed for nearly 10 years has finally been solved. After the funds were secured, the project was started in stages at 1834. It will be completed in less than three months from March. In July of that year, it rained cats and dogs in Susong area, and it rose everywhere near Taihu Lake. Because of the smooth water flow and excellent ventilation, the original flooded river section is safe and sound, and people are happy. (37)
Based on the remarkable achievements in dredging the Liu and Bai rivers, Lin Zexu also widely called on the officials and gentry of the relevant counties to continue to donate, repair and dredge the rivers in the county and set up relevant water conservancy projects. As a result, the counties in the south of the Yangtze River quickly set off a wave of water conservancy construction. In addition to dams and other projects, there are nearly1670,000 cubic meters of excavation in 1835 and 1836 only in 15 hall counties where Jiangsu, Songsong and Taitai belong. At the same time, Tongzhou in Jiangbei also donated money to complete the construction of 27 ports such as Yaogang, which draws tide from Tongjiang River, unearthed more than 560,000 cubic meters, and repaired many inland rivers and dams. (38) Water conservancy construction has greatly improved water conservancy conditions, such as 1834 autumn rainstorm and 1835 summer drought. Fortunately, the water conservancy has been cured, and 18 years old is still reporting. A few years ago, the land price was two or three, which was even worse. "1837 Before Lin Zexu became governor of Huguang, the Yangtze River and Hanshui River in Hubei were flooded for years because of siltation. The fertile land on both sides of the strait often becomes Zeguo, and the homes of coastal residents are ruined. In the winter of that year, Linnai took the greatest risk and asked dangerous workers on both sides of the strait to mobilize the government and gentry to contribute money, and the masses contributed to double training and repair. " Make sure that the layers of soil are firmly built, and the size is serious, and the workers are beaten. "(40) During the flood season, he personally went to the embankment to supervise the flood season. Finally, when the water and heat in 1838 rose, "Jianghan has a long dike of thousands of miles, and An Lan is in Puqing, and there is no overflow in the river. It' s really lucky for decades. " Hearing this, he was very happy and immediately criticized Zhu and said, "If everything can be like this, what is irreparable?"! I intend to express it in words, and I am determined to do it well. " (4 1)
While building water conservancy projects, Lin Zexu attached great importance to the development of agricultural production. The most commendable thing is that in order to promote double-cropping rice in Jiangsu, he rented a few acres of private land in Suzhou before and after the official ceremony. With the cultivation of japonica rice, he heard about the methods of tree art and the causes of grain seeds, so the salty old farmers tried it, (42) as a demonstration. He also supports the promotion of new farm tools that are of great help to the development of production. During Lin's tenure as governor of Jiangsu, Qi Yanhuai successfully copied the western-style waterwheel-the dragon-tailed car. After learning about it, Lin not only went to the scene to watch the trial, but also reported it to the court and suggested vigorously promoting it. It should also be pointed out that during Lin's stay in Xinjiang, in order to develop frontier production, he was ordered to explore and reclaim cultivated land in southern Xinjiang. "In the Zhou Dynasty, there were two Wan Li in the north and south of Tianshan Mountain, and 18 cities in the east and west, digging water sources and ditches to teach people to cultivate", (43) 700,630 mu of land was developed in each road, and it is suggested to allocate it to local people of all ethnic groups for cultivation. During his months in southern Xinjiang, he was "on the road day and night, with more rest and less trips", running around day and night, doing all the reclamation work, and even didn't have time to write and send letters to his home. (43) In addition, Karez was popularized, and people were taught to make spinning wheels and learn weaving, which was widely praised by people. In order to develop northern production, make Zhili (now Hebei) replant rice, and fundamentally solve the problem of transporting grain from the south to the north, he devoted himself to studying water conservancy in the north for decades, and wrote his only monograph on agricultural water conservancy, Jifu Water Conservancy, which was reported to Guangdi, who was far-sighted, changed soil into fields in Zhili and promoted rice cultivation.
Third, "But when Bao Juan and Fu Jie go with the flow"
Lin Zexu's incorruptibility is first manifested in his gradual prevention of Du anytime and anywhere. At that time, it was common for officials to greet, hold banquets and waste money. The banquet in Qingjiangpu can't end in three days and three nights. (44) This fully shows the seriousness of the situation. In order to prevent himself from catching this unhealthy trend, Lin Zexu issued a "pass" in advance on his way to office, telling officials guarding the land along the way to refuse all reception supplies. The "Pass" states: "The chartered ship shall be delivered by itself at the civilian price. You are not allowed to spend money to buy water feet along the way, and you don't need to add bamboo poles ... you buy everything yourself, and you don't need to send food or wine along the way. Subordinate officials only meet at the local pier, and there is no need to meet them from a distance ... If there is any innuendo in the name, the local official will immediately punish them severely, and they must not be slightly biased! " (46) At that time, some big officials took office, often crowding round, with a large number. Lin Zexu, on the other hand, arrived without pomp and was extremely simple. 1839 served as an imperial minister and went to Guangdong to ban opium. His entourage is "only one top horse, six people and Ding, three chefs and Ding", and there is no official or staff. (47) At that time, ordinary officials not only hoped that officials along the way would see them off, but also hoped that the bigger the ostentation and extravagance, the better. Sometimes they will use various tricks to blackmail in disguise. The most obvious example is Yan, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang. 184 1 year, due to the fall of Xiamen, Yan was dismissed. Although he has been dismissed from office and returned to his hometown, he is not small in ostentation and extravagance. He passed Zhangzhou on his way back to his hometown. There were 6,700 accompanying husbands and horses every day for 10 days. There are about 3000 soldiers, husbands, family members and grooms, and more than 400 tables are used for food and drinks. "The car size is more than ten times, and each car has four husbands. In front of the car, Ghoshha led the horse, and next to the car, there were eight military service. Every car is natural. Being a servant and maid is no problem. When I arrived in the city, I saw a tired and hard man sitting on the shoulders of four people. " (48)
Lin Zexu's life, pure as a trickle, has not been polluted.
Every time he went to be an official, he posted a notice about customs clearance, solemnly telling the masses that "I am willing to do whatever I want, with no fake hands at one end, honest and clean, and clean for five nights." (50) If scholars, businessmen, soldiers and civilians find "all kinds of malpractices, they can report them to our company or report them to local officials nearby". For their "all food", they buy their own equipment and don't accept local supply. Everything you buy will be found according to the current price of ordinary people, and you are not allowed to take credit at all ... Even if you send your family out and take a car, you can hire them at any time without waiting in advance. If a name alludes to the disturbed person, the disturbed person will be accused and severely punished. " (5 1)
He is strict not only with himself, but also with his subordinate officials. It is said that "junior officials should abide by the same chapter in turn, and they should make a fair decision ... never listen to the camp at night and let officials compete with each other." If there is a fake name that can represent relatives and friends of our company, and Xu Ding and others take care of them in order to show off and fool around, regardless of the size of the matter, offenders will be prosecuted. Those who can refer to the first official will be rewarded with the first merit. " "The submissions received by our department are all instructed by internal departments ... If a contractor colludes with a small official to buy comments, others will find evidence and allow him to report to our department first, investigate immediately and never cover up." "Ding department professionals will not be sent at random. If anyone lies about an unannounced visit, intimidates them to go to court, and borrows post horses to ask for food, investigate and deal with them immediately. There is no room for concealment. If you intimidate civilians and create nuisance, once you are accused or interviewed for the first time, you will do your best and never lend. " (52) For those who are related to Ding Bing, etc. "Don't leave without permission" and "Don't be concealed by the rules and regulations of the station." Those who ask for it will do it right away, and those who send it privately will definitely participate. In order to prevent corruption and fraud, Lin Zexu also paid attention to plugging system loopholes. For example, during the term of office of Hubei Buzheng, it was clearly announced that each belonged to the Francisco silver. "First of all, the name, amount and date of remittance will be submitted by Ma. It can be issued in batches and paid in silver. In addition to the collection, the batch will also be sent to the hospital for inspection and printed and distributed together with the ticket warehouse receipt. At the same time, the reason for receipt will be written first. If there is a cunning silversmith who is treacherous and adulterous, it is difficult to detect the punishment. Don't try the law. " As for donating silver coins such as officials, we should also strictly control them to prevent false pinching and other ills. "The donated monitoring tools are donated, and all of them are reviewed by internal departments by name and by name. In addition to issuing paid-in photos as usual, fill out the list before receiving it. " In this way, if there is hypocrisy, it will be easy to get to the bottom when posting at different levels.