Hu Shi: I like reading at night.
Hu Shi once bluntly said in Reading: "Reading has two elements: the first is precision, and the second is erudition." In Hu Shi's view, if a person wants to have a university question, he must be "both proficient and rich", and only proficient is like "a big piece of tissue paper that can't stand the wind and rain."
Hu Shi also has three virtues of reading. One is reading at night. Reading at night is a wonderful enjoyment, which coincides with reading at this time: quiet and leisurely, undisturbed and free. There were naked night readers in ancient China, who probably liked reading at night. There is plenty of time in the evening, so you can read classics with peace of mind. Reading at night is also emotional. A green light and a cup of fragrant teas are so refreshing and pleasing to the eye!
Second, I like reading in the toilet and the tram. Hu Shi studied regardless of the environment and conditions, and whenever he had a book. He even made full use of his time in toilets and trams. 19 14 July 17 Hu Rilu: "I was given Shakespeare's famous play Henry V, which has more than 380 pages. Because I put it in my clothes bag, I don't read it on weekdays, but I read it in the toilet and tram, and I finished reading it in about a month. This is also a way to waste time. "
The third is coherent reading. Some people read too casually without a certain plan, but Hu Shi emphasizes the coherence of reading, including both uninterrupted reading time and changing one book after reading it. Hu Shi himself stipulated that he should study no less than 6 hours a day. He also said: "Don't read other books until you finish reading one."
Lu Xun: There are six ways to read.
Lu Xun, a great writer, is very particular about reading methods. On the basis of extensive reading, Lu Xun formed his own unique reading method.
First, extensive reading, he advocated learning from others and browsing casually in his spare time. Mr. Lu Xun said: "The book is in front of us. No matter what it is, we must always turn it over, or look at the preface, or look at a few pages." This method can broaden our horizons and broaden our thinking.
The second is to look carefully. For those that are difficult to understand, you must read and keep reading until you understand and get through.
The third is specialization. He advocates "extensive reading" as the basis, and then choose one or more subjects he likes to study in depth. Otherwise, although you have read a lot, you will accomplish nothing in the end.
The fourth is to ask questions. Is to take a book, first have a general understanding of the contents of the book, and then close the book, while walking, ask yourself some questions and answer yourself: what is written in the book? How to write? Why do you write like this? If you are yourself, how should you write this topic? Lu Xun thought it would be better to read the whole book carefully with these questions.
The fifth is endorsement. Lu Xun's way of speaking is different. He made an ingenious bookmark with 10, which read "Read it three times, heart, eyes and mouth". He put the bookmark in the book, and every time he read it, he put a word on it. He read it several times, read it silently for a while, and when the words 10 on the bookmark were all covered, he recited the whole book.
The sixth is newspaper clipping. Lu Xun attached great importance to accumulating information by using newspaper clippings. His newspaper clippings are neatly pasted and strictly classified, and each page has his short handwritten comments. Lu Xun wrote many sharp essays with these newspaper clippings. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "In any case, if you collect one data after another, you can always become a scholar after ten years."
Qian Zhongshu: If you want to remember, you have to take notes.
Qian Zhongshu's erudition is attributed to his extensive reading. When he was studying, he wrote a vast number of notes. It is no exaggeration to say that he used several sacks of materials when he wrote the academic masterpiece "Pipe Cone".
Many people say that Qian Zhongshu has a strong memory and never forgets anything. He doesn't think he has such a "god" himself. He just likes reading, willing to work hard, not only reading, but also taking notes; Read it not only once or twice, but also three or four times, and the notes are constantly supplemented. So although he read a lot of books, it is not easy to forget.
According to Mr Jiang Yang, it takes time for Qian Zhongshu to take notes. Zhong Shuhua spends about twice as much time taking notes as reading this book. He said that when you read a book for the second time, you will always find many omissions when you read it for the first time. The most wonderful sentences are only found after you read them several times.
In addition, Mr. Qian Zhongshu advocated that Bo should make an appointment first and Bo should withdraw from the appointment. That is, first read widely, and then refine and absorb on this basis to form your own knowledge structure. This scientific learning method not only made him a generation of academic masters, but also pointed out the correct road to success for later scholars.
Chen Yinque: Reading Old Books and Original Classics
Mr. Chen Yinque divided books into three categories: minimum reading, advanced reading and in-depth research reading. In these three books, he particularly emphasized the first category. Chen Yinque thinks that the first category is required reading, from which you can get the minimum knowledge. For example, he thinks that The Book of Songs and Shangshu are books that everyone must read, whether one likes them or not. Because they are the crystallization of the wisdom of our ancestors.
Chen Yinque pays attention to the original classics and the most basic books, which can be said to be a trick for him to read. Why do you read "old books"? Because "old books" are primitive and basic, and "old books" are often introductory books for a subject. Reading "old books", by extension, is reading the original classics.
Chen Yinque said: "There are only over 100 original classics in China, and the rest are based on these books." Reading "old books" and "original works" is a reading strategy that will not be out of date in any subject.
Qian Mu: You must read it all, but you should not choose to read it all. I hope I can recite it.
It is said that Mr. Qian Mu can recite The Romance of Three Kingdoms at the age of 9.
In 1980s, Qian Mu's granddaughter was studying in the Chinese Department of Peking University, and wrote to her grandfather for advice on reading. Qian Mu replied: "Besides The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean, and Notes on Four Books should be memorized. In addition to Zhuangzi, we must carry Lao Tzu. Outside the Four Books and Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, you should read Historical Records, but you should not choose to read them all. If you encounter difficulties, just have a brief look. If you can understand and love reading, you still have to read it again and again, or hope to recite it ... "Granddaughter is required to recite it, and grandpa, as a master of history, can naturally recite it better. It is unthinkable to be able to recite Historical Records.
Ma Yifu: If you want to study, you must settle down first.
Ma Yifu thinks reading is more important than "centering". Nowadays people read books mainly for entertainment, so they just "browse" for fun. However, if you want to read deeply, you must be "centered". Ma Yifu thinks, "If you want to study, you must first adjust your mentality. Calm and easy to understand. If you are distracted from your study, you will not be able to enter. "
If you relax your study, even if you have a moment of pleasure, you will forget it immediately. The effect is not great and you can't get into your heart. Only by using the method of "centering" and focusing on "a certain problem" can we gain something.
"Centered" reading not only plays an efficient role of "focusing", but also has a "respectful" attitude. Only by holding a "respectful" attitude towards "books" can we calm down and immerse ourselves in them, and finally get the solution of "enlightenment". Of course, Ma Yifu's "respect" for books refers to something, that is, he has awe of classic works and reads with "concentration". If it is an entertaining fast food book or even a junk book, there is no need to read it "intently" or "respectfully".
Gu Jiegang: questioning method
Mr. Gu Jiegang, a famous historian in modern China, gave a speech to Xiamen youth in February 1927. The theme of the speech is how to read. He said in his speech:
"Our reading is to find ways to seek knowledge by borrowing records from books, rather than asking books to control our thoughts. So when reading, be suspicious everywhere. In other words, I am a student. I will criticize with my own thoughts everywhere. As long as you dare to criticize, you can tell which sentence is right, which sentence is wrong and which sentence is negotiable. These meanings can be written at the end of the book or in the notebook. Whenever in doubt, look it up. Think of any problem, just study it yourself. Such people are not afraid to start work, as long as they are willing to write and turn over, they can cultivate their creativity. After a few years, you will naturally have the ability to control and apply a knowledge. "
It is Mr. Gu's consistent proposition to dare to question and be good at questioning when reading. Gu Jiegang said that to be suspicious in reading is to use your own judgment. "As long as you have judgment, books are what we use."
Feng Youlan: Four Reading Methods
Mr. Feng Youlan's reading method can be summarized in four words: precision, enlightenment, knowledge and enlightenment.
Fine, that is, "choose carefully." You must choose when reading, or you will get lost in the vast sea of books. Books can be divided into three categories: intensive reading, extensive reading and browsing. What books are worth intensive reading? This should be chosen according to your major. Once you have chosen a book, you should read it carefully word by word.
Explain, that is, "explain his words." When reading books, especially ancient books, we must first understand their characters, because words are the language of books. There are differences between Chinese and foreign languages, as well as between ancient and modern languages. The ancient books in China are all written in ancient Chinese, which is different in different times. If you don't break through this language barrier, you can't see what's inside the barrier, so you can only stand outside the barrier and tell you what to do.
Knowing is "knowing its meaning". Reading should not only pay attention to the literal meaning, but also pay attention to the lines and understand the spiritual essence between the lines. If you are confined to language and cling to it, it will become a dead science.
Ming is "Li Ming". It's not enough to read only the meaning, but also to understand the truth, so as not to be mistaken by the meaning of predecessors. Only in this way can we finish reading this book alive. If you can replace books with books, you will read them home. Because meaning is only the author's subjective understanding, it may not completely conform to the objective truth, so we should pay attention to using the objective truth standard to test it when reading.