At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan government used troops year after year to carry out ethnic oppression at home. Coupled with the continuous floods, droughts and famines in the Huanghuai Valley, it finally aroused the Red Scarf Army uprising that lasted for more than ten years. The Yuan government brutally suppressed, and desperate wars for territory and land occurred from time to time. Nine times out of ten people in Huaibei, Shandong, Hebei and Henan were killed. The wounds of the war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty were not healed, and the "Battle of Jingnan" followed in the early Ming Dynasty. Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and other places have suffered greatly, and almost all of them are uninhabited. During the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, Shanxi, which was ruled by the Mongolian landlord Chahan timur and his son, was a different scene. It is relatively stable, good weather and good harvest every year. Compared with neighboring provinces, Shanxi has a prosperous economy and a rich population. And a large number of refugees from other provinces also flowed into Shanxi, making Shanxi a densely populated area. According to records, in the early years of Hongwu, the population of Shanxi reached more than 4 million, more than the combined population of Henan and Hebei provinces at that time. According to relevant historical records, in order to consolidate the new regime and develop the economy after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty, from the early years of Hongwu to the fifteenth year of Yongle, large-scale immigrants moved as many as 16 times, with the relocated population covering 5 1 county in Shanxi and moving into as many as 10 provinces and cities.
Jinnan is a densely populated place in Shanxi, and Hongdong was the largest and most populous county in Jinnan at that time. According to records, there was a Guangji Temple on the west side of Jia Cun, two miles north of Hongdong in Ming Dynasty. This temple is magnificent, with many monks and pilgrims. Next to the temple, there is a tree called "Trees Surround Shade for Several Mu", and the avenue of chariots and horses passes through the shade. The old harriers on Fenhe beach nest in the trees and are scattered all over the floor, which is very spectacular. In view of this, the Ming government set up a bureau in Guangji Temple to centrally handle immigration, arrange teams and distribute "Sichuan-based funds". Under the big locust tree, it became a place where immigrants gathered. Therefore, although the immigrants who moved to other provinces were not confined to Hongdong County, they were concentrated under the Chinese locust tree in front of Guangji Temple, so the descendants of immigrants who moved to other places only remembered that Hongdong was their hometown.
In late autumn, the locust tree leaves, and the old crow's nest is very eye-catching. When the immigrants left, they stared at the tall ancient locust tree, and the old man who lived among the branches kept moaning, which made the immigrants who had left their homes cry and look back, and could not bear to leave. Finally, they can only see the old man's nest on the big locust tree. To this end, the locust tree and the old man's nest have become the symbols for immigrants to bid farewell to their hometown. "Ask me where my ancestors came from, Shanxi Hong Tong Sophora japonica. What is the name of the hometown of ancestral home, the old man's nest under the big locust tree. " For hundreds of years, this folk song has been widely circulated in many areas of our country.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the immigrants from Hongdong and other places in Shanxi mainly distributed in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Beijing, Anhui, Jiangsu and Hubei, and a few moved to Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia. Immigrants who moved from Shanxi to the above places later moved to Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Xinjiang and northeast provinces. It is rare to have organized large-scale migration for such a long time in the history of our country, and it is only a case that people on one side are scattered around. Although the Ming government carried out the policy of resettling wasteland to revitalize agriculture, its purpose was to consolidate the rule of feudal dynasty, but it objectively eased social contradictions, mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for production, gradually restored agricultural production, consolidated border defense and maintained social stability.
In the second year of the Republic of China, Jia Cun, who was on an official tour in Shandong, retired to his hometown in his later years to raise funds to build a pavilion and a teahouse. The pavilion was built under the old pagoda tree. Although the pavilion is not big, it is carved with beams and painted with buildings, cornices and arches, exquisite and exquisite. A blue stone tablet is erected in the pavilion, engraved with the five official words "Ancient Sophora japonica". On the back of the exhibition hall, there is an inscription that briefly describes the situation of immigrants. There are three tea rooms on the west side in front of the pavilion for root-seeking tourists to rest and have tea. The inscription on the lintel of the teahouse is "drinking water for the source". More than 20 meters to the south of the monument, there is a memorial archway with "Letter from Yu Yan" engraved on the horizontal forehead and "Shade" engraved on the other side. In the early 1980s, Hongtong county government rebuilt and expanded Dahuaishu Park.
There are also some stories about migration. After the Revolution of 1911, Yuan Shikai ordered Zhang Xiluan, the governor of Shanxi Province, to lead soldiers from three towns in Lu Yongxiang to attack the Shanxi Revolutionary Army, and plundered everywhere. After arriving in Hongdong, the soldiers came to the ancient pagoda tree, dismounted and bowed down, and told each other, "Go back to the hometown of pagoda tree." Not only do you not rob, but you also provide property under the big locust tree. Sophora japonica is known as "disaster prevention and resilience".
Legend has it that when immigrating, officers and men cut each little toenail with a knife. Up to now, the little toenails of the descendants of Sophora japonica immigrants are all complicated (two petals). "Who is the ancient locust who moved here? Take off your little toe and check your armor. " .
At that time, in order to prevent immigrants from escaping, officers and men tied them up behind their backs, then connected them with long ropes and escorted them to the road. People look back step by step, and the adults look at the big locust tree and tell the children, "This is our hometown, this is our hometown." Today, descendants of immigrants say that the ancient pagoda is their hometown, no matter where they live. Because the immigrant's arm was tied for a long time, his arm became numb and he soon got used to it. Later, most immigrants liked to walk with their hands behind their backs, and their descendants also followed this habit.
On the way to escort, because of the long distance, people often have to pee, so they have to report to the officers and men: "Sir, please help yourself, I have to pee." The more times, the more simplified the verbal request. As long as you say "Sir, I want to relieve myself", everyone will understand that you have to pee. Since then, "jieshou" has become synonymous with peeing.
The immigrants moved to a new place of residence, a wilderness, and they had to build houses and open up wasteland with their own hands. No matter what they do, they will think of the mountains and rivers in their hometown. In order to miss their hometown, most of them plant locust trees in the yard and at the gate of their new home to show their nostalgia for their hometown. Some immigrants named their villages after the places where they migrated, such as Zhaochengying, Hong Tong, Zhou Pu and Changziying in the suburbs of Beijing, indicating that these residents migrated from Zhao Cheng and Hong Tong.
There is a table of surnames of descendants of Guhuai in the ancestral home. There are 450 surnames on the table, which enshrines their memorial tablets, far exceeding the surnames of hundreds of families. They all immigrated to all parts of the country 600 years ago. In order to find their roots, they were collected and made public and hung on the walls. In recent years, mainlanders have been fighting for genealogy, and overseas compatriots have sought roots to worship their ancestors, asking about their blood relationship with Sophora japonica.
Regrettably, Guangji Temple and Sophora japonica in the Ming Dynasty have long been destroyed by water diversion. Fortunately, the second generation of ancient Sophora japonica was born from the same root in the east of the ancient Sophora japonica. This is the pagoda tree with many leaves and high height, which is the third generation with the same root. The three generations of ancient Sophora japonica trees are as endless as the descendants of immigrants, which makes people feel deeply. In order to commemorate the ancient Huai, in 19 1 1 year, an exquisite and unique pavilion with carved beams and painted buildings, cornices and arches was built in the ancient Huai of Han Dynasty. There is a 1 vertical monument in the pavilion, with five characters of "ancient pagoda tree" engraved on the front and a brief introduction of immigrants on the back. On the right side of the monument pavilion, there is a teahouse where tourists can drink tea and think about the past. There is an antique archway 30 meters in front of the pavilion, with four pillars and three doors, and a plaque hanging on it.
1983, hongdong county government built a gatehouse and fence here. 1984 An archway was built at the junction of Jia Cun and Taimao Highway, and its banner was engraved with the inscription "Ancient Sophora Tree" by Dong Shouping, a famous national calligrapher, which will call on more immigrants to seek their roots and ask their ancestors and look back at their hometown.
More than 600 years have passed, and the ancient pagoda tree in the Han Dynasty has ceased to exist and disappeared into the dust of history. Hu Aixiang's descendants are distributed in more than 20 provinces and 400 counties in China, and some are as far away as some countries and regions in South Asia.
Think back to how many sad tears our grandparents shed when they left their hometown to help the old and raise the young. May the locust tree take root forever and be heart-to-heart with compatriots at home and abroad.