China has been famous for its etiquette since ancient times, so when two people meet and ask for their names for the first time, they always say: What is your surname? The standard answer is of course: Your surname is X. Answers like this will not be given The feeling that people are domineering is conducive to communication and has a positive meaning. However, in many places, the customs are different and there are differences. In this case, the surname Zhang is the worst.
In many places, If asked: What is your surname? If the person's surname is Zhang, he is likely to answer: Zhang. At first hearing, some people may feel uncomfortable or rude, but in fact, this is probably caused by different customs.
In Chinese myths and legends of past dynasties, the Jade Emperor has many names. For example, according to The Romance of the Gods, it should be Zhang Ziran, and other legends call him Zhang Youren or Zhang Bairen. Ouyang Fei in << Mentioned in "Legends of Gods", there is also a folk legend called Zhang Jian. There are many names, but the surname is the same, all with the surname Zhang. In ancient China, the emperor claimed to be the emperor of heaven or the son of the emperor of heaven, so the surname Zhang came into being. It has a special meaning, which is emphasized in many places in China. That is, if there are two mutual names, the surname Zhang is inevitably expensive, because the surname Zhang is originally a noble surname because of the Jade Emperor, so it is inevitably expensive.
Zhang’s Feng Shui without Emperor
According to current relevant statistics, the Zhang surname is now the third largest surname in the country, with a population of approximately 85 million, accounting for approximately 6.79% of the country’s total population. In other words, out of every 100 people, there are almost seven with the surname Zhang.
1. The structure of the character "Zhang" makes it difficult to straighten up
The character Zhang is composed of bow and long. When people with the surname Zhang introduce their surname to others, they usually say It is "the bow is stretched".
Zhang, written as "Zhang" in traditional Chinese, is a pictographic character, like a man with a bow ready to shoot. The original meaning of Zhang is also to open, expand, tighten, and is extended to expand, cook, entertain, etc.
So, although the character Zhang has a left-right structure and is composed of the left and right characters of "Gong" and "Chang", from the meaning of the character, "Gong" is at the core of the character Zhang.
The shape of the word "bow" is like a person who is bent over and can never straighten up. Does this mean that the surname "Zhang" will always be controlled by others and cannot be completely respected?
That’s why Zhang Liang, the strategist, only helped Liu Bang conquer the world; Zhang Juzheng, a famous official of a generation, had so much power that even the emperor had to listen to him, but in the end he was only the chief minister of the cabinet; Qingkang Zhang Tingyu, a veteran of the three dynasties of the Yongzong and Qianlong dynasties, is at most a portrait of Lingyan Pavilion;...
There are also those who are unwilling to be inferior to others. Zhang Jiao, the leader of the Yellow Turban Uprising in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, called himself "God of Heaven" General", I don't know if he will proclaim himself emperor after the uprising is successful, but unfortunately he died of illness and the uprising was suppressed.
2. The origin of the surname Zhang, with Ji as the surname
According to legend, the surname Zhang originated from Hui, the son of the Yellow Emperor in ancient times.
According to historical records, Hui is the inventor of the bow, an important weapon, and hence his surname:
According to the "New Book of Tang Dynasty: Genealogy Table of Prime Ministers": " The fifth son of the Qingyang family, Shaohao, the Yellow Emperor's son, Hui Gongzheng, began to make bows and arrows, and his descendants were given the surname Zhang. "According to the "Yuanhe Surname Compilation", "The fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, Qingyang, was born and was Gongzheng. , Observed the Arc Star, began to make bows and arrows, and worshiped the Arc Star, because his surname was Zhang.”
So, the surname of Zhang is based on skills (skills, occupations).
Perhaps this is the reason why many descendants of the Zhang surname are famous for their skills?
The "scientific sage" Zhang Heng who invented the seismograph, the "medical sage" Zhang Zhongjing, the author of the handed down masterpiece "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases", Zhang Xu, the cursive calligrapher, Zhang Zeduan who painted "Along the River During the Qingming Festival", Tai Chi , Wudang Sect founder Zhang Sanfeng,...
3. Zhang family motto "Tolerance" is precious
The inheritance of the family, the words and deeds of parents, and the impact on future generations It's subtle. Zhang's family motto of "tolerance is precious" determines, to a large extent, how Zhang's descendants will behave and do things.
According to "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", the ninth generation of Zhang Gongyi lived together, thanks to his "Hundred Renren Song", for which he was commended by successive courts. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty even personally wrote "The Hundred Renren Yi" The four characters "door" stand for it. Zhang Xu wrote a poem: "Zhang Gong wrote a book about forbearance, and he was honored in the Tang Dynasty. The emperor asked him personally, and the banner was hanging in the gate. Hongdu is an old county, and the Qinghe River will last forever. Children and grandchildren must remember it, and the poems of the distant clan will be used as evidence."
As the "Hundred Forbearance Song" says: "Forbearance is the courage of an adult, and tolerance is the foundation of a gentleman." The descendants of the Zhang family who take this as their family motto are too far away from the emperor.
Full text of "Song of One Hundred Forbearance"
Song of One Hundred Forbearance, Song of One Hundred Forbearance;
Tolerance is the magnanimity of an adult, and tolerance is the foundation of a gentleman.
Be able to endure summer without being too hot, and endure winter without being cold;
Be able to endure poverty and be happy, be able to endure longevity and live forever;
If you can't tolerate being noble, you will be overwhelmed, and wealth will be overwhelming. If you cannot tolerate it, you will suffer;
If you cannot tolerate small things becoming big things, if you cannot tolerate good deeds, they will eventually turn into hatred;
Fathers and sons cannot bear to lose kindness and filial piety, and brothers cannot bear to lose love and respect;
Friends cannot bear to lose love. Loyalty, the couple cannot bear to fight too much;
Liu Ling lost his reputation, just because of drinking;
Chen Ling destroyed the country, just because of sex;
Shi Chong broke up his family because he couldn't bear it;
Xiang Yu died because he couldn't bear it;
Nowadays, all criminals don't know how to bear it;
Entrepreneurs from ancient times are all forbearing.
Songs of a hundred forbearances, songs of a hundred forbearances;
The benevolent can endure what others cannot tolerate, and the wise can endure what others cannot tolerate.
The best way to be patient is to think before you can, and to pretend to be deaf is the only way to be dumb and patient;
The word "tolerance" can lead people all over the world, and the word "tolerance" can make people close to each other;
To be patient can be indifferent. Nourish your mind, endure hunger and cold, and you will become a good person;
Endure hard work to have a surplus, endure debauchery and no disease;
Endure your flesh and blood to preserve human relations, endure all your food and drink, and live life;
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If you can endure words, you can avoid right and wrong, and you can endure fights and grudges;
If you can endure people's scoldings without replying, their harsh words will be at peace;
If you can endure it, If a person cannot fight back, his poisonous hand will be useless;
Be aware that a true gentleman is tolerant, and don’t say that forbearance is stupid;
When you are tolerant, people only laugh and are stupid, but if you have endured others, you will know how to cultivate. Save;
You must bear it even when people laugh, don’t listen to what others say and you won’t bear it;
Fools in the world can bear to laugh, but gods in heaven can bear it;
I If you don’t insist on being patient, others should be more patient;
You must be patient when something happens, and you must be patient after it happens;
You are not afraid of a hundred forbearances in life; If you can't bear it;
If you can't bear it, all blessings will disappear; if you can't bear it, all misfortunes will turn into ashes.
Emperor Zhang
Click to see the larger picture
Some people say that there was also Emperor Zhang, but not for a long time, but the emperor named Zhang is not very famous. , so few people know!
In fact, to be precise, there is no emperor named Zhang in the history of our country, but there are 36 emperors named Zhang:
In Chinese history** There were 83 dynasties in China and 559 emperors in China, including 397 emperors and 162 kings.
Qianliang (314-376) Zhang Gui established 10 emperors.
In 1127 of Chu, the Jin State supported Zhang Bangchang's puppet regime.
In 1644-1646, Zhang Xianzhong proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu and was defeated in 1646
There are also some small local governments:
Zhao Zhanger 204 BC-202 BC Zhang Ao 202 BC-198 BC
Qi Zhangbu 27-29
Zhang Juguo Zhang Ju 187-189 years
Qin Zhangju 352nd year
Shu Zhangyu 374th year
Zhang Qiaoguo Zhang Qiao 402nd
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Zhang Yuxian of the Eight Kingdoms of Zhongtian from July 942 to October 943
Zhang Yu of Shu from 994 to 995
Chu Zhang Bangchang (Emperor Chu Daoshun) 1127 Years
Ying Zhang Jing 1214-1215 Zhang Zhi 1215-1216
Zhou Zhang Shicheng 1353-1367
Zhang Lianguo Zhang Lian 1559 Year - 1562
Zhang Weiyuan, Zhang Weiyuan 1628
Zhang Puhui, Zhang Puhui 1637
Ming Zhang Huashan 1647
Dongming Zhang Jintang 1648 Year
Zhang Nianyi, Zhang Nianyi, 1708
Zhang Bingguo, Zhang Bing, 1832
The slightly famous emperor named Zhang
1 .Zhang Jun, who did not claim the title of emperor Zhang Zuo (? - 355), courtesy name Taibo, was a native of Wushi in Anding of Jin Dynasty (today's northwest of Pingliang, Gansu Province). He was the eldest son of King Wen Zhang Junshu. In 353, he deposed Duke Ai Zhang Yaoling and established himself as the king of Qianliang. Zhang Zuo was initially the Marquis of Changning. During the reign of Emperor Ai Zhang Yaoling, he served as Chijie, Supervisor of Chinese and foreign armies, General of Fujun, and Assistant to the Government. Zhang Zuo relied on his military power and became domineering. In 353 AD, he deposed Zhang Yaoling, the Duke of Ai, and called himself the general, the governor, the pastor of Liangzhou, and the Duke of Liang. In 354 AD, he proclaimed himself emperor and changed the Yuan Dynasty to "Heping". He followed his great-grandfather Zhang Gui as King Wu, his ancestor Zhang Shi as King Zhao, his ancestor Zhang Mao as King Cheng, his father Zhang Jun as King Wen, and his younger brother Zhang Chonghua as King Ming. He established his wife Xin as the queen, his brother Zhang Tianxi as the king of Changning, his son Zhang Taihe as the prince, Zhang Tingjian as the king of Jiankang, and Zhang Yaoling's brother Zhang Xuanliang as the Marquis of Liangwu. After Zhang Zuo seized power, civil strife continued in the Zhang royal family, and the Liang surnames also rebelled. This may be one of the emperors surnamed Zhang who is rarely recognized by official history
2. Zhang Bangchang, the puppet emperor "Zhang Bangchang", in the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin army captured Kaifeng City and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. The Jin army appointed Zhang Bangchang as the puppet emperor, nicknamed "Da Chu". How much recognition?
3. Zhang Shicheng was the leader of the uprising army in the late Yuan Dynasty. His reputation was not as good as that of Chen Youliang, let alone Zhu Yuanzhang. He established himself as King of Wu in Pingjiang and never proclaimed himself emperor. He was destroyed by Zhu Yuanzhang at the age of 47. After Zhang Shicheng's death, his The son is hidden in the world. On April 5 (Qingming), the fourth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1406 AD, Bingxu), the second son Zhang Xiangyou went to the temple for his father Zhang Shicheng, who was named Gaozu and posthumously named Emperor Lie.
As a common surname, Zhang did not have an emperor named Zhang in history. Of course, it is obviously very one-sided and unfair to judge the status of a certain surname in history based only on how many people have been emperors. Zhang Qian's passage to the Western Regions influenced China for more than two thousand years.
Didn't Zhang Qian lead the way to the Western Regions and have good seeds come from the west? Without Zhang Qian, how could we have cucumbers, carrots, alfalfa, grapes, pomegranates, walnuts, flax, and sweat-blooded horses now? Is such a feat worse than those of the emperors? Zhang Zhongjing's works are still influencing the entire world of traditional Chinese medicine. Is his achievements worse than those of those emperors? Which one of Zhang Qian and Zhang Zhongjing did not influence the entire Chinese history after them and which one did not make an important contribution to human civilization? What about those emperors? Although Zhang Heng's armillary sphere and seismometer have not been handed down, is Zhang Heng's reputation worse than those of the emperors? The Taoism founded by Zhang is the first religion in China, and I am afraid it is also the last. It has been spread for two thousand years. Is this influence smaller than that of the so-called emperor? No matter what era, the "official position" mentality has always been in dispute, there is no one named Zhang. Is it because of this that the surname Zhang is despicable? I'm afraid not? What affects the emperor and officials is his term of office, after which they are nothing. Figures like Zhang Qian, Zhang Zhongjing, Zhang Heng, Zhang Xu, and Zhang Daqian influenced the entire history.
China’s feudal society lasted for thousands of years, making it the country with the longest feudal era in the world. The poison and influence of feudal ideas on people’s thoughts are deeply rooted, which makes the Chinese people worship the feudal emperor and have a deep respect for the feudal emperor. The imperial power is worshiped, and the idea of ??"official position" and the "emperor complex" linger in the hearts of some people. Therefore, in China, historical figures in any field seem not to be as "leading" as the feudal emperors, although people are deeply loved by them. The exploitation and infringement of the feudal imperial power, but in the hearts of some perverted people, they worship the feudal imperial power. This allows us to see that not only have the Chinese people never been infiltrated by democratic ideas, they even reject and resist democratic ideas themselves. , so much so that in the 21st century, when the world generally respects universal values, some people in China often use "killed more people" as the evaluation criterion when evaluating a historical figure. It seems that whoever is bloodier and more violent will be less likely to kill more people. The more people there are, the greater they are. Even the evaluation of a surname is inescapably linked to the presence or absence of an emperor. In the eyes of these people, "the presence or absence of an emperor" has become the gold standard for whether a surname is great or not. "Whether there was an emperor who killed many people" and "whether the emperor killed many people" seem to have become a measure of whether a surname is noble or humble. If a surname has not had an emperor, has not established a dynasty, and has been killed by the emperor, then no matter how great the contribution this surname has made to the progress of Chinese society and the development of history, in the eyes of some ignorant and perverted people It is also "never able to turn over". It must be said that this evaluation standard is extremely absurd, ignorant, backward, perverted, and even anti-civilization. The ignorance and narrow-mindedness of these people make it impossible for them to have real wisdom and thoughts. They will always be restrained by the slavish thoughts that have been smoked by thousands of years of feudal monarchy and feudal imperial power. This kind of servility that goes deep into the bone marrow makes people feel to the core. The tragedy is that they will never realize that feudal emperors are by no means the only essence of human history. On the contrary, with the advancement of human history and civilization, the value of emperors can only become less and less, and the real promotion of science and technology, economy, and Outstanding figures in various fields of medicine and cultural progress will not be affected by value standards and ideologies. They will always be heroes who have made positive contributions to human progress, and thus will be famous throughout the ages. Only by agreeing with this point of view can we truly be in line with the progress of world civilization. Correct point of view! Otherwise, it can only be superficial and ridiculous! Abnormal and ignorant!
What is your last name? The surname is Zhang!
Why not say your surname is Zhang?
A secret that everyone in the Zhang family must know!