Qi Yanhuai (1774- 184 1 year) was born in Tian Chong, Wuyuan, Anhui Province.
Born in the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong (1774), he was smart when he was young and began to write. Wang Youdun saw it and was shocked. He said, "Anhui Province should be a must in this life." . In the thirteenth year of Jiaqing, the examiner won the second place, and the next year he was admitted to Jinshi. Jishi Shu was awarded, the museum was disbanded, and the magistrate of Jingui County, Changzhou Prefecture, Jiangsu Province was changed. He is diligent and loves the people, and the people call him "Qi Qingtian". There are nineteen poems on the wall of Yazhai's books, which reflect his achievements. In the seventh year of Daoguang (1827), Suzhou government was in charge of grain management. Discuss the candidate county magistrate from the superior. During his tenure as the magistrate of Suzhou, Yan Huai proposed to Tao Shu, the governor of Jiangsu Province, to open up and develop maritime traffic. The governor rejected this proposal on the grounds that "shipping has been going on for a long time and there is no need to change it". After being dismissed from office, he lived in Jingxi and was good at identifying and hiding.
Qi Yanhuai is also good at science, astronomy, geography and transportation. Ten years after Daoguang (1830), the "automatic armillary sphere" and "Zhongxing instrument" were made. ZTE-1 is a round celestial sphere with a height of 33.4 cm. The spherical surface is engraved with astrology and seasonal climate, and there are gears and other mechanisms inside. When the spring inside the sphere is tightened, the sphere can rotate slowly. . ZTE Instrument is still in the Anhui Provincial Museum. In the 16th year of Daoguang (1836), he returned to his hometown Wuyuan and presided over the compilation of Qi Family Tree at the Foot of Xianshan Mountain. He once built a double-sided sundial in the east of Tian Chong Red Temple. Lin Zexu said: "In recent decades, only Qi is a poet in China." Daoguang died in Yixing in the 21st year (184 1). He is the author of 26 volumes of Mei Lu's Poems and Poems, Memories of the South Grass on the Sea 1 Volume, 4 volumes of Polaris Latitude Table, Celestial Instrument 1 Volume, Zhongxing Instrument 1 Volume, Calligraphy and Painting Record 1 Volume, and Songsong. Wei Yuan et al. edited "Twenty-three Housekeeping Edited by Jing Qing (Volume 48)" was once included in the article "South Water Shipping" written by Qi Yanhuai. The second son Qi Xueqiu.
Qi Yanhuai (Qing Dynasty) (1774- 184 1) was born in Wuyuan, Anhui Province, and his real name was Lu Mei and Yin San. Born in1October 12 (165438+1October 15), he died in Daoguang, Xuanzong on June 25th (1kloc-0/), at the age of 68. In the 13th year of Jiaqing (A.D. 1808), jurors were summoned for trial. Next year, he will become a scholar and change to Jishi Shu in imperial academy. The museum was scattered and awarded to the magistrate of Jingui County, Jiangsu Province. Nineteen poems in "Ya Zhai Shu Bi Ji" have moved to Suzhou Tongzhibao Magistrate, and they are going to visit Wu, and won the Excellence Award. Yan Huai's poems in and out of Korea and the Soviet Union are especially good at parallel prose, calligraphy and collections. He is the author of twenty-six volumes of Lu Mei's Poetry and Fu, one volume of Cao Nanyi's Comments on Maritime Traffic, four volumes of Polaris Latitude Table, an Introduction to the Celestial Sphere, and one volume of Zhongxing Instrument Theory, all of which are biographies of the Qing Dynasty and have been handed down to the world.
Major inventions and creations
The celestial globe was made by Qi Yanhuai, a scientist in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Qi Yanhuai (A.D. 1774 ~ 184 1), whose real name is Lu Mei, is engaged in the research of astronomy and farmland water conservancy, and has made remarkable achievements. The celestial globe is a timing instrument he made according to the astronomical phenomena. European clocks and watches were introduced to China in the Qing Dynasty, and the celestial globe imitated its structure internally, and was driven by clockwork, which automatically operated and was engraved on newspapers. Each constellation is cast on a copper ball outside. The celestial globe, like a copper pot dripping water, embodies the characteristics of using celestial phenomena to time in ancient China. However, the manufacture of celestial globe was influenced by the manufacture of European clocks and watches. On a sphere, there are 88 constellations with star names as low as 5, including main nebulae and star clusters, 28 places in ancient China and several celestial coordinate system scales such as equator, ecliptic, right ascension circle and declination circle. Celestial sphere model is an auxiliary tool for navigation, astronomical teaching and popularization of astronomical knowledge. People use it to express the coordinates of the celestial sphere and the apparent motion of celestial bodies, and solve some practical astronomical problems. The position, name and constellation of bright stars are painted on the sphere, and there are several symbols and degrees of celestial coordinate system. Astrology on the celestial sphere is just the opposite of what we see from the sky. This is because we look at the celestial sphere from the outside, which has no effect on understanding the celestial phenomena. The celestial sphere can rotate around an axis passing through the center of the sphere. This axis is called the celestial axis, and the two intersections between the two ends of the axis and the celestial sphere are called the South Pole and the North Pole. The celestial sphere with an axis is supported on a metal meridian circle that passes through the north and south poles. The celestial globe can be used to observe the starry sky images at any given time and geographical latitude. Because the observer sees the celestial phenomena from outside the celestial sphere, the celestial phenomena seen from the celestial sphere are opposite to those seen from the sky, but this does not affect the practical value of the celestial sphere. Widely used in navigation, astronomy teaching and astronomy popularization. Put the celestial globe on a pedestal, and the horizontal ring in the pedestal represents the horizon. Users can adjust the zenith height on the meridian circle according to the geographical latitude, so that the celestial sphere rotates around the polar axis, so as to see the starry sky scenes at different geographical latitudes, different dates and different times, as well as the horizon longitude (azimuth) and horizon latitude (horizon height) of a celestial body. It can also show the time and orientation of the sun on a certain day, the path through the sky, the moment of transit, the height and the length of day and night. This celestial globe has great practical value. On display at the Beijing Ancient Observatory in China is a bronze celestial globe of the Qing Dynasty, which was cast in 1673 and has a diameter of 2m. There are more than a thousand stars on the earth, which are divided into three walls and twenty-eight huts. The commonly used celestial sphere instrument is about 30 cm in diameter. In ancient China, the instruments for demonstrating celestial phenomena-elephants and celestial instruments-were basically the same in structure. The celestial sphere instrument is made of transparent plastic, with complete logo and an earth model inside, which is convenient for understanding the concept of celestial sphere. It is suitable for astronomical geography teaching in universities and middle schools. Suitable for navigation and scientific research. Use it to express the coordinates of the celestial sphere, the apparent motion of celestial bodies and solve some practical astronomical problems.