Painting classification
The main categories are pure art and design.
Needless to say, pure art, of course, is to go to the artist's side, which is a hard road, but many people who want to be painters would rather starve to death than paint, which I admire.
The design is more practical, mainly for businessmen, with more restrictions, but the income is stable, which is suitable for ordinary people.
There are Chinese paintings, oil paintings, murals and sculptures, as well as popular experimental art and new media. But I don't quite understand this, but it doesn't mean that you must engage in pure art after learning these things.
There is also design. Of course, there are many categories, including industrial design, product design, book binding, animation production and illustration design. These applications are relatively common, and can be aimed at ordinary design companies, game production companies and so on.
But as the first two said, all the foundations are sketch color and rich imagination!
Painting is an artistic expression. Also called painting. Common in comics, stick figures, crayons, sketches, gouache, watercolors, prints, comics, oil paintings and so on. People often express something in the form of pictures in their lives. Painting can not only enrich life, but also improve personal cultivation and quality.
Painting skill
Line-surface fusion of sketch
The shape we face has no "line" and "point", that is, the existence of "face" we feel is also attached to the undulating structure and shape.
Right in front of our "face", the side past becomes a compressed line, and the deep past becomes a point. The elements of these sketches give us a powerful means to capture the shape of objects. However, in the process of sketching, it is very easy for us to use lines too smartly, which leads to fluency and impetuousness. In the patient and boring practice of finding suitable shapes and structures, it is difficult for us to escape the boredom of drawing lines; At the same time, it is hard to resist the temptation of profligacy.
It can be said that any line we draw in sketch should have the property of physical structure and have real significance. Otherwise, it becomes a waste line or a waste line group; And the surface composed of these lines has of course turned into meaningless dirty gray. We may also feel some gray "faces" in the sketch. Because our feelings are still under the illusion, we mistakenly think that it is a "face" and draw it. The result is still dirty gray rather than a part of the body.
How to avoid this kind of mistake requires us to always focus on the structure of the object, not passively copying the object, but actively and subjectively analyzing and judging the painting elements provided by the object, and completely controlling the painted object through the overall structure.
Whether we use "point", "line" and "surface", they are all means and have no meaning in themselves. When they are used in the shapes we describe, they become elements of human body structure and eventually become a part of the painted human body, not any point, line or surface.
China's figure painting depicts clothes pleats with lines, and sums up "eighteen strokes" methods such as silk drawing, string drawing, iron line drawing and bamboo leaf drawing. The use of western painting space makes the use of lines merge with the elements of surface and become more colorful. In the observation of morphological structure, I believe everyone's perception is different. How to describe your understanding of the body with the fusion of points, lines and planes will be a process of your creation. Before that, you can also use China's traditional training method-copy learning to experience the pens used by predecessors, and then integrate into your own experience. I believe your sketch will be more interesting.
Sketch of painting-structure is really in sketch painting, and the most crucial thing is of course structure.
In reality, many painters can only take the road of form because of their lack of understanding of the structure of characters or objects, and it is difficult to produce in-depth masterpieces in their creation. Although we already have a convenient camera (now using a digital camera) and scanner, we can process graphics in the computer, which saves a lot of trouble in modeling, but shape is shape and structure is structure, not a concept. For the process of painting, shape is the representation attached to the structure, while the structure is the support of the object; The outline of external form can't really express the inner beauty of an object.
The shape of the object we observe is a representation, an outline. Once the object changes position, and we lack understanding of the structure, it is difficult to start. In the beginner stage, almost everyone has experienced using a stable triangle to determine the general position and composition of the body, and then using a virtual small triangle, square, etc. to decompose the local position of the painted object. In the end, this method can only paint the object as a gourd.
Just as we have gone through the era of hunger, we have also gone through the era of lack of pictures and are entering the era of reading pictures. All kinds of graphics, images and galleries emerge one after another. If you reproduce objects by taking pictures, you might as well take pictures. Then we are not as objective as the camera. For a painter, the most unacceptable thing is to be praised as: You see how good this painting is, like a photo. In other words, those works are not strong enough, not emphasized enough, not profound enough, and lack the artist's understanding of the structure of objects and creativity in expressing the connotation of objects. How can this be regarded as a painting art work? The truth of art is not a pure objective truth, but an artistic truth in which the painter expresses his inner feelings through his own senses and hands-removing the rough and selecting the fine, removing the false and retaining the true, and describing and portraying from the outside to the inside.
Learning methods of sketching still life
Sketching still life is the extension and development of gypsum geometric sketch, which depicts a wide range, including fruits, vegetables, flowers, bottles, stationery and so on.
Sketching still life is mainly to train our composition ability and modeling ability. For beginners, on the one hand, through the combination of still life from simple to complex, we can master the law of composition, so that the size ratio of objects in the picture is properly arranged and the viewpoint is appropriate; On the other hand, you can also decorate your still life paintings and learn the basic knowledge of composition (such as unity and change; Contrast and reconciliation; Symmetry and balance: proportion and rhythm; Static and dynamic sense, etc. ), and gradually master the ability of writing. In fact, the physical structure of still life is still a combination of different geometric shapes, but it is more irregular and complicated than the geometric shape of gypsum. In this way, in still life sketch, it is necessary to emphasize the understanding of the combination relationship and structural relationship of forms.
In still life sketching, all kinds of objects are made of different materials, and the "texture" is different in terms of hardness, weight and thickness. The performance of texture is mainly through contrast, and of course it also depends on the accurate description of the color of the object.
When sketching still life, we should continue to pay attention to the perspective law of objects in order to deepen our understanding of the perspective law.
The tools for sketching still life can be pencils, charcoal, charcoal bars, etc.
The observation method and drawing steps of sketching still life are roughly the same as sketching plaster sketch. As long as we establish the overall observation method and practice sketching, we will be able to gradually master the ability and skills of sketching still life.
First, outline the steps:
Scientific and rigorous methods and steps can not only ensure the smooth operation, but also cultivate our overall observation and description ability.
1.
Deliberately arrange the composition, so that the objects on the screen are given appropriate priority, and the composition is balanced and changeable, avoiding the disadvantages of scattering, chaos, emptiness and blockage.
Step 2 draw a big body structure
Draw the body structure of the object with a long straight line (the invisible part of the object should also be drawn gently), and the shape, proportion and structural relationship of the object should be accurate. Then draw the shape and position of each light and dark level (highlight, bright part, middle color, dark part, projection and intersection of light and dark).
3. Gradually and deeply forming
Through the light and dark description of the body (from the whole to the part, from the big to the small), the sense of volume of the object is gradually shaped. The important and key details of the text should be carefully described.
4. Adjustment completed
In-depth characterization inevitably ignores the relationship between the whole and the parts. At this time, it is necessary to comprehensively adjust (mainly referring to the physical structure including color, texture, space, primary and secondary, etc. ), so as to make a choice and highlight the main body.
5 Sketch-Description and Characterization
For people who are used to using light and dark tones, they always feel that only in this way can a painting be a three-dimensional sketch. In fact, after later practice, I still feel that it is not too strong. There are too many things to draw and too few places to carve.
It should be said that it is still useful to describe the volume of an object by drawing light and shade. But how to get out of the tone of light and shade is not an easy task. The ideas and habits inherent in the brain, coupled with the gradual improvement of understanding, make the paintings that were originally intended to be discarded repeat from time to time.
Light and dark tones are like the keyboard of a piano. The more you have, the richer you will be. Can the pencils we use still produce 7B and 8B? Even 9B and 10B can't show the black in the real model space, and the contrast between black and white is only relative. In the dark tone processing of stage art scenes, pure black+Pollan is also white under the irradiation of light, so we use black velvet instead, but how can such a black hole appear on our drawing paper? In fact, black and white is just a feeling. Strong feelings require us to change the previous method of sketching, abandon the old concept of death in our minds, use brand-new thinking, give full play to our feelings under the control of structural will, concentrate on using pens, and draw the feelings of the object mentally similar.
Constantly changing our own inherent ideas and constantly trying new painting methods, we must never do meticulous homework in order to complete a work, and completing homework cannot be the burden of our purpose. Otherwise, you will lose more chances to try, repeat what you know and imprison your imagination.
6 oil painting techniques
The limitations of oil painting tools and materials lead to the complexity of oil painting techniques. For centuries, artists have created a variety of oil painting techniques in practice, so that oil painting materials can give full play to the performance effect. The main techniques of oil painting are:
Theodore Clemente's oil painting
(1) transparent superposition method, that is, multi-level depiction is carried out by diluting with colored oil without adding white pigment. It is necessary to brush the next layer after each layer is dry. Because the color of each layer is relatively thin, it can vaguely reveal the color of the lower layer and form a subtle tone with the color of the upper layer. For example, painting a stable blue color on a deep red layer will produce a rich effect of purple in the blue, that is, heating up in the cold, which is often a tone that cannot be transferred on the palette. This painting method is suitable for expressing the texture and heavy feeling of objects, especially for vividly depicting the delicate color changes of human skin, making people feel that blood flows under the skin epidermis. Its shortcomings are narrow color gamut, meticulous production process and long time to complete the work, which is not easy to express the artist's current artistic creation feelings.
(2) Opaque superposition method, also called multi-layer coloring method. When painting, first draw a large figure with a single color, and then shape it with multiple colors. Dark parts are often painted thin, while middle tones and bright parts are painted thick layer by layer, or covered or left, forming color block contrast. Because of the different thickness, it shows the rich charm and texture of color. There is no strict difference between transparent and opaque paintings, and painters often use them comprehensively in one painting. When expressing objects in darkness or shadows, transparent masking color method can produce a stable and profound sense of volume and space; The rule of opaque color superposition is easy to shape the body outside the dark part and increase the saturation of the picture color. /kloc-before the 0/9th century, most painters used these two painting methods, which usually took a long time to make their works. Some have painted a layer and left it for a long time, and then painted it when the isochromatic layer is completely dry.
③ Opaque primary color method, also known as direct coloring method. That is to say, after the outline of the object is made on the canvas, the color laying is basically completed at one time by virtue of the color feeling of the object or the idea of the color of the picture, and the incorrect part is scraped off with a painting knife before the color adjustment is continued. In this painting method, each dip has thick pigment, high color saturation and clear brush strokes, which is easy to show vivid feelings when painting. /kloc-Many painters have adopted this painting method since the mid-9th century. In order to achieve the effect of full-color layer after one-time coloring, we must pay attention to the use of brushstrokes, that is, painting. Commonly used painting methods are divided into flat painting, loose painting and thick painting. Flat painting is to draw a large area of color with one-way strength and even strokes, which is suitable for shaping a static body in a stable and calm composition; Casual painting means that the brush strokes are loose and flexible according to the natural turning trend of the painted object; Thick coatings are all or part of the thick piles of pigments, some of which form color layers or blocks up to several millimeters, which make the pigments present interesting textures and enhance their image.
As an artistic language, oil painting contains many modeling factors such as color, light and shade, lines, texture, brushwork, texture, light, space, composition and so on. The function of oil painting technique is to reflect all modeling factors comprehensively or individually. The expression of oil painting materials fully provides the possibility of applying oil painting techniques on a two-dimensional basis. The production process of oil painting is a creative process in which artists consciously and skillfully master oil painting materials, choose and apply techniques that can express artistic ideas and form artistic images. Oil painting not only expresses the ideological content endowed by the artist, but also shows the unique language of oil painting. The development of oil painting has gone through several periods: classical, modern and modern. Oil paintings in different periods are dominated by the artistic concepts and techniques of the times, showing different faces.
Seven basic techniques of watercolor painting
1, dry painting and wet painting
Dry painting is a multi-layer painting method. Using the method of layer coating to color the dry background color does not require infiltration effect, and it can be easily colored repeatedly, which is easier to master and suitable for beginners to practice. Clear physical structure and rich color levels are the specialties of dry painting.
Dry coating method can be layered coating, color masking, color collection, dry pen and other specific methods.
Coating:
That is, dry stacking, dry coloring, and colors are stacked one by one to express the object. There are different levels of coloring in the picture, some places can be done at once, and some places need to be done twice, three times or even more, but it is not advisable to count too many times to avoid losing the transparency of color. It can not be ignored that the layers of paint overlap after work, so as to predict the mixing effect of revealing the background color in advance.
Cover color:
In fact, it is also a dry stacking method, and the color area of the mask is larger. For example, several colors in the picture are not uniform enough, so we have to mask the colors once to make them uniform. If a piece of color is too warm, a layer of cool color will change its cold and warm properties. The color of the cover should be bright Bo Tu, and it should be re-paved. Generally don't write back, otherwise the color will be dirty with the background color. This method is often used in the process of coloring and the final adjustment of the picture.
Color matching:
Dry color matching means that adjacent colors are painted from their sides after drying, and there is no infiltration between color blocks. Each color itself can also be wet coated to increase variation. This method is characterized by clear outline and bright colors.
Dead pen:
Write less water and more colors, and it is easy to fly white when writing; Drawing quickly on rough paper full of water will also produce flying white. The method of dry pen is often used to show the effect of flash or softness.
Dry painting can't just write articles on the word "dry". The picture must still make people feel full of water and wet marks, so as to avoid the problem of dryness and boredom.
Wet painting can be divided into wet stacking and wet color collection.
Wet overlap:
Wet or partially brush the drawing paper, dry it and then color it, and dry it and then superimpose the color. Proper control of moisture and time will make the effect naturally mellow. Showing the rainy and foggy atmosphere and moist interest is its specialty, which is beyond the reach of some paintings.
Wet color matching:
This method is often used when the color is close to the dry end, the water color flows through, the boundary is blurred, and the transition soft color gradient is displayed. When collecting color, the water list should be used evenly, otherwise the water will rush to less places, which will easily lead to unnecessary water stains.
Watercolor painting is mostly a combination of dry painting and wet painting. The picture with wet painting as the main part is dry painting, and the picture with dry painting as the main part also has wet painting. The combination of dry and wet painting is expressive, dense and dry, and interesting.
Watercolor landscape painting
2, the mastery of moisture
The application and mastery of water is one of the key points of watercolor techniques. Water has the characteristics of infiltration, flow and evaporation in the picture, so you should be familiar with "water-based" when painting watercolors. Giving full play to the role of water is an important factor in watercolor painting.
To master moisture, we should pay attention to time, air humidity and water absorption of drawing paper.
Time problem:
The time of wet coating should be well grasped. If the colors overlap too early and too wet, it is easy to lose their proper shape. If it is too late, the background color will be dry, watercolor will not penetrate easily, and the connection will be stiff. Generally, when overlapping colors, the water content of the pen should be less and the colors should be more, which is convenient to grasp the modeling and make it penetrate. If the overlapping color is light, wait until the background color is slightly dry before applying.
Dry humidity of air:
Draw a few watercolors, and you will realize that the water dries slowly indoors, and the water evaporates more slowly when painting outdoors in wet, rainy and foggy weather. In this case, draw less water; In a dry climate, water evaporates quickly, so use more water to speed up the painting of color matching.
Water absorption of drawing paper:
According to the water absorption speed of paper, master the water consumption accordingly. When the water absorption is slow, the water consumption can be less, the paper is softer and the water absorption is faster, so it is necessary to increase the water consumption. In addition, large-scale rendering of halo colors, such as sky, ground, still life, people background, etc., should use more water, and should use all water; Use less water to describe parts and details.
3. "Blank" method
Compared with the techniques of oil painting and gouache painting, the most prominent feature of watercolor technique is the method of "leaving blank". Some light and white parts need to be "left blank" when drawing dark colors. The transparency of watercolor pigments determines this painting technique. Light color cannot cover dark color, unlike gouache and oil painting, which can be covered with light color and white powder. Pay attention to watercolor works, and you will find that almost every one uses the technique of "leaving blank".
Proper and accurate blank or light color will enhance the vividness and expressiveness of the picture; On the other hand, improper blank space will easily lead to trivial and messy pictures. Mark the blank with a pencil before coloring. When coloring, you should skillfully omit the key details, that is, dots and faces. In addition, where the contrast colors are adjacent, the other side should be empty and colored separately to maintain their uniqueness. Some beginners leave unnecessary empty shapes and then paint colors along the outline. Some people leave empty places dead, too rigid, and lose vitality along the outline. Empty is accurate and vivid, and it is an introduction to Chinese painting, also called "Chinese painting", which is Chinese painting (different from "western painting"). Tools and materials include brush, ink, Chinese painting pigments, rice paper, silk and so on. Themes can be divided into figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, techniques can be divided into brushwork and freehand brushwork, and its spiritual core is "pen and ink".
From the perspective of art history, the capitals before the Republic of China were collectively called ancient paintings. In ancient times, Chinese painting did not have a clear name, and it was generally called Danqing, which mainly refers to scroll painting painted on silk, rice paper and silk and mounted. It is called Chinese painting in modern times, which is different from western oil painting (also known as western painting) and other foreign paintings. It is created in accordance with the unique aesthetic trend of the Chinese nation and the resulting artistic techniques.
Chinese painting reflects the national consciousness and aesthetic taste of the Chinese nation in content and artistic creation, and embodies the ancient people's understanding of nature, society and politics, philosophy, religion, morality, literature and art related to it. Traditional Chinese painting emphasizes "the nature of foreign teachers is the source of China's heart", melts things into nature, and requires "meaning to save a pen first, and to paint as best as possible", with both form and spirit, and vivid charm. Because calligraphy and painting are in the same strain, both of them emphasize the use of brush to express thoughts and emotions, so painting, calligraphy and seal cutting influence and promote each other. Modern Chinese painting has made a breakthrough and development in inheriting tradition and absorbing foreign techniques.