Female calligrapher: Mrs. Wei
Mrs. Wei, whose given name is Shuo and whose courtesy name is Maoyi, is signed by Henan. He was born in the eighth year of Taishi (272), the eighth year of Emperor Wu of Jin, and died in the fifth year of Yonghe (349), the fifth year of Emperor Mu of Jin. A native of Anyi, Hedong (now Xia County, Shanxi). Female calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Wei Guan, the ancestor of Mrs. Wei's family, was promoted to Sikong in the Western Jin Dynasty, where he recorded the affairs of the ministers. He and Suo Jing were only good at cursive calligraphy, and were known as "Tai Er Miao". He followed his father, Wei Heng, who served as an official until his death as Huang Menlang. He was also good at calligraphy and the author of "Four Body Calligraphy Movements". His father, Wei Zhan, served as an official in Jiangzhou, Zhishi and Tingwei, and died in the official position. Mrs. Wei was eager to learn and was very fond of the art of calligraphy. She learned the rules of the great calligrapher Zhong Yao from an early age and was particularly good at official calligraphy. According to her own account: "I followed what I learned in the world and imitated Zhong Yao for many years." She once wrote poems and essays in cursive calligraphy, and was commissioned to write "Ji Jiu Zhang" for the imperial court. Although his calligraphy works have not been handed down to this day, the general outline of his style can still be seen from the relevant discussions of predecessors. Zhong Yao, a native of Jin Dynasty, once praised Mrs. Wei's calligraphy, saying: "The ice in the broken jade pot, the moon in the ruined Yaotai, are as graceful as trees, and the trees are like the breeze." He fully affirmed Mrs. Wei's calligraphy with elegance, elegance, smoothness, thinness and cleanness. feature. This is actually an inheritance of Zhong Yao's calligraphy style, but on the basis of Zhong Yao's thin, clean and elegant style, it also reveals a clear and flexible charm. Wei Xuze of the Tang Dynasty said: "Mrs. Wei's book is like a flower-arranging dancer, holding her head high with hibiscus; another is like a beautiful woman on the stage, with fairies making shadows; and the red lotus reflects the water, and the blue controls the floating clouds." Three groups of beautiful images are used to compare it. From her calligraphy, it can be seen that Mrs. Wei's calligraphy is full of beauty, with a charming and delicate style unique to women, and is very different from Zhong Yao. This is Mrs. Wei's development and creation based on her own temperament and learning from Zhong Yao. Wei Xu therefore classified Mrs. Wei as a famous calligrapher and ranked her below the top grade, that is, the first and third level. Li Sizhen of the Tang Dynasty held the same opinion on this and pointed out that Mrs. Wei's "upright body was particularly outstanding". Zhang Huaiguan, a famous calligraphy theorist in the Tang Dynasty, even classified Mrs. Wei's calligraphy as a masterpiece, ranking lower than only a few people with the highest grade. Art historian Zhang Yanyuan's evaluation of Mrs. Wei is relatively low. He classified Mrs. Wei as above the middle grade, that is, the second and first grade. But at the same time, it is said: "Li's wife, the Wei family, came from the Huazong family." From the above comments, we can fully see the important position of Mrs. Wei in the calligraphy world at that time.
Mrs. Wei not only made outstanding achievements in the practice of calligraphy art, but also made significant achievements and relatively comprehensive and in-depth discussions in the theory of calligraphy art. She wrote a volume called "Bi Zhen Tu", which made comprehensive and in-depth reference to relevant calligraphy theories and put forward her own opinions. She first pointed out in the book that the beauty of calligraphy "must begin with the use of a pen." It is advocated that learning calligraphy should go back to its origins and learn from the ancients. It is against being familiar with the principles and learning without support, so that learning is a waste of energy and no success. Mrs. Wei also suggested that when studying and creating, we should pay attention to the types and origins of pens, inks, paper, and inkstones. She emphasized that if a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools. He also emphasized that writing should be paid attention to, and different writing methods should be used in different calligraphy styles and analyzed in detail, saying: "Some people are anxious but write slowly, and some are slow but anxious. If the writing is close but cannot be tight, the heart is not tight. If the writing is not uniform, the one who writes first with the intention behind will lose; if the writing is far and urgent, the one with the intention before the stroke will win. "It goes beyond the scope of simply discussing the writing, and also discusses the relationship between the pen and the intention in the art of calligraphy and the cultivation of calligraphers. Make a profound statement. Mrs. Wei also made incisive discussions on the use of pens when writing different fonts. She believed that there are six ways to use pens, such as seal script for "floating and falling", seal script for "dangerous and terrifying", and eight-point script for "graceful entry and exit". Fei Bai's calligraphy is "Geng Jie Te Li". If "each character can resemble its own shape", it will be "super wonderful and the art of calligraphy is complete." It should be said that Mrs. Wei's discussion on the use of pens is also relevant today. It still has its merits. She essentially raises the issue of how calligraphers grasp the writing styles of different fonts. Regarding strokes specifically, Mrs. Wei put forward seven standards for writing seven different strokes. Mrs. Wei's description of the seven basic strokes is vivid and relevant, and is actually a good introduction for beginners to learn calligraphy. In addition, Mrs. Wei also proposed in "Bi Zhen Tu" that for beginners to learn calligraphy, "you must first write big, not from a young age", "those who are good at judging do not write, and those who are good at writing do not judge" and other theoretical principles, which are also valuable experiences. talk. On the basis of the above discussion, Mrs. Wei summarized her overall understanding of the art of calligraphy and put forward the theory of "strength and tendons". She believes: "Every stroke, ink, and curl of a stroke must be done with all one's strength." "Those who are good at penmanship have more bones, and those who are not good at penmanship have more flesh. People with more bones and less flesh are called sinews; those with more flesh and less bones are called calligraphers. The black pig is a saint if it is strong and has strong tendons, but it is a disease if it is weak and has no tendons.
"This is essentially the result of Mrs. Wei's lifelong practice of calligraphy art. It represents her general understanding of the theory of calligraphy art. It points out the direction and approach of efforts for future generations of calligraphers. It has also become an important content and evaluation standard in Chinese calligraphy theory. The development of calligraphy theory and practice in the past dynasties has had a huge impact. Although Mrs. Wei's "Bi Zhen Dia" referred to and absorbed some arguments from the predecessors, Mrs. Wei made a great contribution to the development and creation on the basis of inheritance. < /p>
Poetess: Li Qingzhao
Princess: Princess Wencheng
Princess Wencheng (625-680), the daughter of a Tang Dynasty clan, was of Han nationality. She was intelligent and beautiful. He was influenced by his family at an early age, learned culture, and believed in Buddhism.
Songtsen Gampo is a hero in Tibetan history. He rose up in the Yalong Valley area in the middle reaches of the Tibetan River (now the Brahmaputra River). He unified the Tibetan area. , became the Tibetan Zanpu (meaning "king") and established the Tubo Dynasty. In the 14th year of Tang Zhenguan (640), he sent Prime Minister Lu Dongzan to Chang'an, donating five thousand taels of gold and hundreds of treasures to the Tang Dynasty. In the 7th century, King Songtsen Gampo of Tibet shocked the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the Tang Dynasty had the most advanced economy and culture. Equivalent to 100,000 soldiers. "The 16-year-old Princess Wencheng was well-educated, simple and generous, and took the initiative to be the wife of the 25-year-old Songtsen Gampo. According to legend, Lu Dongtsen brought a large amount of gold, jewelry, etc., and led a proposal mission to Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, to propose marriage. Unexpectedly, Tianzhu, Dashi, Zhonggesar and King Hall also sent envoys to propose marriage. They all hoped to welcome the virtuous Princess Wencheng as their king's concubine. For this reason, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin was very embarrassed. He decided to let the marriage envoys compete in wisdom. Whoever wins can welcome the princess. This is the "Six Trial Marriage Envoys" in history (also known as the "Six Difficult Marriage Envoys", also known as the "Five Trial Marriage Envoys"). It is said that the murals depicting this story are still well preserved in the Jokhang Temple and Potala Palace in Lhasa)
In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (641), Princess Wencheng sent her envoy to the Tang Dynasty. Accompanied by Li Daozong, the younger brother of King Taizong of Jiangxia, and Lu Dongzan, the Tubo marriage envoy, Songtsen Gampo personally greeted Li Daozong in Baihai (now Maduo, Qinghai), and then took him with him as his son-in-law. Princess Wencheng returned to Luoxue (today's Lhasa). Princess Wencheng lived in Tubo for nearly 40 years and was always highly respected.
According to the "Hereditary Mirror of the Tubo Dynasty" and other books, when Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, The team was very large, and Tang Taizong's dowry was very rich, including "Sakyamuni Buddha statues, treasures, gold and jade bookcases, 360 volumes of classics, various gold and jade ornaments" and a variety of cooking foods, brocade quilts with various patterns, and divination classics. 300 kinds, clear guides for identifying good and evil, 60 kinds of construction and engineering works, 100 kinds of prescriptions for treating diseases, 4 kinds of medical treatises, 5 kinds of diagnostic methods, 6 kinds of medical instruments, etc. < /p>
After the death of Songtsen Gampo in the first year of Yonghui (650 years), Princess Wencheng loved Tibetan compatriots and was deeply loved by the people. She designed and assisted in the construction of Jokhang Temple and Xiaozhao. Temple. Under her influence, Han crafts such as milling, weaving, pottery, papermaking, and winemaking were gradually introduced to Tubo; the poems, agricultural books, Buddhist scriptures, history books, medical classics, calendars and other classics she brought promoted the The economic and cultural development of Tubo strengthened the friendly relations between the Han and Tibetan people. The gold statue of Sakyamuni she brought is still worshiped by the Tibetan people.
In the first year of Yonglong (680), Princess Wencheng. After her death, the Tubo Dynasty held a grand funeral for her, and the Tang Dynasty sent envoys to Tubo to pay tribute to her. Tibetan statues built in her honor are still preserved in Lhasa, which has a history of more than 1,300 years.
There is also a Princess Wencheng Temple in Yushu County, Qinghai Province. The seated statue of Princess Wencheng in the center of the temple is 8 meters tall, sitting on a lion and lotus pedestal. There was an endless stream of Tibetan and Han people coming to worship. It is said that Princess Wencheng stayed here for a long time on her way to Lhasa and was solemnly welcomed by the local Tibetan leaders and people. She was deeply moved and decided to stay longer and teach. The local people’s farming and textile skills. Now the Princess Wencheng Temple has been listed as a national cultural relic protection unit.
In Chinese history, there are many cases of princesses or clan daughters marrying the kings of Tibetan states. During the Taizong period, Princess Wencheng married into Tibet, which was a good example of the marriage situation.
Under her influence, the friendship between Han and Tibetan people has developed greatly, so it is not an exaggeration to call Princess Wencheng the most successful female diplomat.
Tubo is now Tibet, and had no contact with China before the Tang Dynasty. It is said that the Tubo people are the descendants of Tufa Lilugu, a native of Xianbei who was king of Nanliang in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. Due to the loss of their country, they migrated to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In order to commemorate their ancestors, they took "Tufa" as their national name, which was later changed to "Tufa" because of the similar pronunciation. "Tibet". The Tubo people live a nomadic life, raising yaks, horses, pigs and dromedary camels, and some also plant highland barley and buckwheat. In the seventh century AD, Nongzan succeeded to the throne and became Tubo Zampu (King of Tubo). People also called him Songtsen Gampo. He was a brave and powerful leader who led his army to unify many tribes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. He established a powerful kingdom centered on the city of Luosu, which is today's Lhasa. As the culture of high-altitude areas - the roof of the world - Tibetan culture has all the characteristics of high-altitude areas. Tibetans are characterized by their simplicity, magnanimity and broadness, and have absorbed other cultures to create their own 34 Tibetan characters. Shigatse means "the best manor" in Tibetan; "Lhasa" means "holy land" or "Buddha land" in Tibetan; Norbulingka means "treasure garden"; the birthplace of Tibet - the Holy Mountain and Holy Lake, At the same time, it is recognized as the center of the world by Hinduism, Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan native religion Bon, and ancient Jainism. Mount Kailash on the Holy Lake is a world-recognized sacred mountain, which seems to be crowned with a silver "pyramid".
In the twelfth year of Emperor Taizong’s reign, Songtsan Gampo led the Tibetan army to attack Songzhou, a border town of Tang Dynasty, which is today’s Songpan County, Sichuan. During the Tang Dynasty under the rule of Emperor Taizong, the country was rich and powerful at this time. So he sent Hou Junji to lead a large army to attack. They defeated Tubo at the foot of Songzhou City. Songtsen Gampo had no choice but to surrender and admire the power of the Tang Dynasty. While writing a letter of apology, he also specially proposed to the Tang court.
After some consideration, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty decided to agree to his request. Princess Wencheng was dignified and plump. She had read poetry and books since she was a child. Although she had doubts about the distant Tubo, she was full of novelty. yearning, so he agreed. After more than two months of preparation, in the midwinter of the fifteenth year of Zhenguan, a very impressive team of escorts, led by Li Daozong, the Minister of Rites and Prince of Jiangxia County, escorted Princess Wencheng to Tubo for marriage.
The reason why we set out in the middle of winter is because it takes more than a month to travel from Chang'an to Tibet via Longnan and Qinghai, and we have to pass through several fast-flowing rivers along the way. In the middle of winter, the river level is gentle, which makes it easier to see off relatives. The team passes. In addition to carrying a rich dowry, this team also carried a large number of books, musical instruments, silk and grain seeds. In addition to the maids who were married to Princess Wencheng, the team also included a group of scribes, musicians and agricultural technicians. It's like a "cultural delegation" and an "agricultural technical team". What are these people going to do? Because Tubo had defeated Tuyuhun at that time and suddenly became an important power in the southwest; Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had foresight and felt that only by strengthening the ties with Tubo could the stability of the southwest border of the Tang Dynasty be ensured, so he did everything possible to economically and culturally support them. Help made Tubo appreciate and follow Datang in a subtle way. Princess Wencheng actually married far away with the political mission of harmonious diplomatic relations, and this team of bride-seekers also went to help her complete this mission.
After more than a month of arduous trekking in the wind and snow, when the spring was warm and the flowers were blooming, Princess Wencheng and his party arrived at the source of the Yellow River. Here, there are lush water and grass, and flocks of cattle and sheep. It was a change from the wind and sand and confusion along the way. The desolate scene is refreshing. Princess Wencheng, who was worried about the harsh terrain in Tubo along the way, was relieved at this time, so the escorting team took a short rest here for a few days.
At this time, Songtsan Gampo personally led a large group of welcoming people and horses to Heyuan. When Songtsan Gampo and his entourage saw Li Daozong, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, Prince of Jiangxia County, they paid homage and performed a wedding ceremony. , he has identified Tang Dynasty as the superior state of Tubo. Li Daozong invited Princess Wencheng to meet Songtsen Gampo. The Tibetan king who was traveling on the plateau fell in love with her when he saw the golden branches and jade leaves of China. He saw Princess Wencheng dressed in gorgeous clothes, dignified and elegant. , completely different from the primitive and simple Tubo women. And the Songtsen Gampo that Princess Wencheng saw, although he was made dark and rough by the scorching sun and strong winds of the plateau, but with his tall and strong figure and the bold spirit revealed between his eyebrows, he looked very heroic; in Princess Wencheng's heart I am secretly glad that I have married a great husband.
The procession of sending off and welcoming the bride entered Luoche City majesticly. Under the auspices of Li Daozong, Songtsan Gampo and Princess Wencheng held a grand wedding in accordance with Han etiquette. , people all over the city sang and danced to celebrate their Zamp and his wife. Songtsan Gampo was overjoyed and said to his subordinates: "My family and my father have never had a precedent of marrying into the country. Today I got the princess of the Tang Dynasty as my wife. I am really lucky. I will build a gorgeous palace for the princess. To leave a legacy to future generations."
Soon, a beautiful palace, the Potala Palace, was built with magnificent buildings. The pavilions are exquisite and elegant, with rippling blue ponds and beautiful flowers and trees planted. All structures are modeled after the Tang Dynasty palace garden, and were used to accommodate Princess Wencheng and comfort her homesickness. In order to have more of the same language with Princess Wencheng, Songtsan Gambo took off the furs he was accustomed to wearing and put on the silk Tang suit that Princess Wencheng had sewn for him. He also worked hard to learn Chinese from Princess Wencheng. , an interracial couple, with a harmonious relationship, love and respect for each other, started their new life.
According to traditional customs, Tubo people apply ocher-colored clay on their cheeks every day, saying it can ward off evil spirits. Although it looks very ugly and uncomfortable, no one raised any objections because it is a traditional custom. , most Tubo people just follow the rules. After Princess Wencheng arrived in Tubo, she carefully understood and pondered this habit. She believed that it was unreasonable, harmful to hygiene, and really a vulgar and bad habit. Therefore, she tactfully expressed her opinion to Songtsen Gampo. After hearing this, Songtsen Gampo felt that her words made sense, and immediately ordered the abolition of this custom. At first, some nostalgic Tubo people were not used to it, but gradually they found that maintaining their original appearance was both convenient and good-looking, and everyone also They were all happy to accept it, and they were even very grateful to Princess Wencheng for breaking the rules for them.
After life settled down, the Han musicians brought by Princess Wencheng began to perform their duties. They worked very hard to play the most popular music in the Tang Palace for Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng. The music was soothing and beautiful, making them happy. Songtsen Gampo felt as if he was hearing the music of immortals. He praised the musicians and music, and selected a group of talented boys and girls to study with Han musicians, so that Han music gradually spread throughout the Tubo territory. Flowed into the hearts of the Tubo people.
The accompanying scribes also began to work. They helped organize relevant documents about Tibet and recorded Songtsan's important conversations with ministers, which helped Tibet's politics move away from primitiveness and move towards formalization. Songtsen Gampo was overjoyed, and ordered his ministers and aristocratic disciples to sincerely worship the scribes as their teachers, learn Han culture, and study the poems and books they brought with them; then he also sent batch after batch of aristocratic disciples to travel thousands of miles. Trekking to Chang'an, he entered the country of the Tang Dynasty, studied poetry and books, and introduced Han culture back to Tubo.
The agricultural technicians do not preach anything. They just sow the grain seeds brought from the Central Plains on the fertile soil of the plateau, and then carefully irrigate, fertilize, and weed. When the harvest season comes, then The huge crops and astonishingly high yields made the Tibetan people wide-eyed. Although the Tibetan people also planted some crops such as highland barley and buckwheat at that time, due to poor management, they often just planted them and ignored them, so the yield was extremely low. They had to admire the superb planting techniques of Han agricultural technicians. Under the instructions of Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng, agricultural technicians began to teach the Tibetan people agricultural techniques in a planned way, so that they could harvest a large amount of food while nomadic. Especially after the technology of growing mulberry and raising silkworms was passed on to them, Tubo gradually produced homemade silk fabrics with soft luster and rich colors, which greatly beautified the lives of the Tubo people and made them overjoyed. They were all very grateful to Princess Wencheng. The benefits brought to them after entering Tubo.
Princess Wencheng treated Songtsen Gampo with kindness and kindness, which made the Tubo king who grew up in a barbaric land deeply appreciate the cultivation and tenderness of Han women. He not only cherished Princess Wencheng, And I tried my best to adopt some of her suggestions. Princess Wencheng relied on her own knowledge and insights to carefully observe the people's sentiments in Tubo, and then put forward various reasonable suggestions to assist her husband in governing this country with a vast territory and strong and simple folk customs.
Princess Wencheng was not the kind of woman who was extremely powerful. She participated in the governance of the country, but never asked Songtsen Gampo to give her any official position. Regarding the major political decisions of the Tubo Kingdom, she only put forward her own opinions and did not force it. Therefore, Songtsen Gampo and the ministers were very fond of her and often asked her for advice on the political system of the Tang Palace as a reference for their administration. The majority of the Tibetan people regarded her as a god.
In the 22nd year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty sent Wang Xuance as envoy to Tibet. On the one hand, he wanted to reconcile the relationship between the two countries, and on the other hand, he also visited Princess Wencheng who was married far away. Wang Xuance led an envoy team on the road with a large number of silk cultural relics. When passing through the Kingdom of Tianzhu, they were unfortunately robbed by the Tianzhu people. Except for Wang Xuance who escaped with a small number of people, most of the people, horses and items were robbed. Wang Xuance arrived in Tubo in embarrassment, met with Songtsen Gampo and explained the situation of the robbery. Songtsen Gampo believed that Tianzhu was deliberately provoking and damaging his relationship with the Tang Dynasty, so he sent a large army to attack Tianzhu and destroyed their capital. They captured the prince of Tianzhu, seized a large number of livestock, and rescued the entourage of the Tang Dynasty envoy, which was a relief for the Tang Dynasty envoy.
In the twenty-third year of Zhenguan, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, passed away, and the crown prince succeeded him as Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. The new Emperor of the Tang Dynasty granted Songtsan Gampo the title of Commander-in-Chief Prince Consort and the title of Prince of Xihai County. He also sent special envoys to send large amounts of gold, silver, silk, poems, books, grain seeds, and specially sent ornaments and cosmetics to Princess Wencheng. In order to commend her and the merits of caring for Tibet.
Songtsen Gampo expressed his gratitude for writing this letter, and said loyally: "When the Emperor comes to the throne, if any of his ministers are disloyal, they should send troops to the country to eliminate them." He also presented fifteen kinds of jewelry. Please place it in front of Taizong's soul to express your condolences. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty was so moved by Songtsen Gampo's loyalty that he promoted him to the title of King of Bin and gave him three thousand pieces of colorful silk. The Tibetan envoys were greatly opened their eyes after arriving in Chang'an. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty agreed to the rice and the technology of making paper, pen, ink and inkstone. The relationship between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo, based on the liaison between Princess Wencheng, has reached the peak of harmony.
Thanks to the efforts of Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng to carry out reforms, and the proper planning of Dalu (the prime minister of Tubo) Ludongzan, Tubo has made great progress in military, political, economic, cultural and other aspects. It achieved rapid development and was able to dominate the Western Regions and became a powerful barrier to the west of the Tang Dynasty.
Unfortunately, Songtsen Gampo passed away soon after, and his grandson succeeded him as Zampu. Because Zampu was young, most of the state affairs were handled by Ludongtsen, while the family affairs were handled by Princess Wencheng. At this time everything was relatively stable. However, Ludongzan also died soon after, and his son Qinling followed suit and made a great argument. At this time, the relationship between Tubo and its neighboring country Shiguhun deteriorated. They both wrote to the Tang court asking for a judgment on right and wrong. However, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty refused to make a ruling. Qinling Unable to hold himself back, he raised troops and defeated Tuguhun. Unexpectedly, this move offended the majesty of the Tang court. Tang Gaozong believed that Tibet had used force before he made a verdict, and simply did not take the Tang Dynasty into consideration. Therefore, in the first year of Xianheng, he sent Commander Xue Rengui to attack Tibet.
Unexpectedly, Xue Rengui's army was completely defeated by the Tibetan army in the Dafeichuan area. From then on, the Tubo people no longer obeyed the Tang Dynasty and raised troops to invade the Tang border. The Tang court sent a large army to guard the Tao River to prevent harassment by the Tibetan army. The two sides fell into a hostile situation, and Tubo became the biggest enemy that the Tang Dynasty could never solve.
From the early spring of the 15th year of Emperor Zhenguan’s reign, when Princess Wencheng married Songtsen Gampo, to the first year of Emperor Xianheng’s reign, when Xue Rengui led his troops to conquer Tibet, for thirty years, due to Princess Wencheng’s erudition, Versatile, it had a great influence on the civilization of Tubo. It not only consolidated the Tang Dynasty's western border defense, but also spread the culture of the Han nation to the Western Regions. This was the proud work of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Unfortunately, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty could not make good use of it in the end and easily It was a pity to provoke war and create an uncontrollable situation, which brought the harmonious situation that Princess Wencheng had worked so hard to create to an abrupt end!
In the first year of Yonglong reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Princess Wencheng died of illness in Luoxecheng. The Tang court sent special envoys to pay homage, but they failed to improve the diplomatic relations between the two countries. However, Princess Wencheng's admiration from the Tubo officials and people was not diminished due to her estranged relationship with the Tang Dynasty. Her death caused the pain of all Tubo people.
After the death of Princess Wencheng, the Tubo people built temples and shrines to her everywhere to commemorate her. Some local craftsmen who came with her have been treated generously, and after their deaths, they were buried on both sides of Princess Wencheng's tomb.
To this day, Princess Wencheng and these friendly envoys are still regarded as gods by Tibetans!
Empress of the Generation: Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian (February 17, 624 - December 16, 705), Han nationality. The only female emperor in Chinese history (during the Tang Gaozong period, there was a female emperor Chen Shuozhen during the civil uprising). She was also the oldest emperor to succeed to the throne (ascended the throne at the age of 67), and one of the longest-lived emperors (82 years old). She was the empress during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (655-683), and the empress dowager during the reigns of Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong of the Tang Dynasty (683-690). Later, she proclaimed herself Emperor Wu of Zhou (690-705), changed the country's name from "Tang" to "Zhou", and made Luoyang its capital. , and called it the "City of Gods". Known as "Wu Zhou" in history, he abdicated in 705. Wu Zetian was also a female poet and politician.