one
There are roughly two opinions on the understanding of "tube": one refers to the brush in the hand; One-finger pen container;
Understanding of "heart"? Opinions vary and have the following understandings:
One is the "harmony of mind", which is the same as Liu's "correct mind and correct pen" and "consciousness". Only the harmony of mind can make you a Qi Li. Known as the "brain",
One is "pen tip or refill": writing pen tip is heart, pen tip is round, called heart circle. Even if you lift the pen, it is always the center ... When the pen tip is completely perpendicular to the paper, the pen center (that is, the cross section of the pen tip) is round, otherwise it is oval. Referred to as "refill", the sea is silent and a fish represents it;
One is "palm": in terms of the meaning of pen, this sentence should be talking about the method of writing, thinking that writing should be "palm is empty, pen tube is vertical to paper"-meaning "heart tube is straight", so there is no need to pretend to be mysterious. This can be called "palm" theory, which is advocated by Nianzhuang.
second
There are three understandings of "heart" by the center of the circle: heart, pen heart and palm. All the above understandings hold the literal meaning of "heart", but which one is more suitable can't be judged by literal interpretation, so it needs to be put into the system where this concept is located.
Reading Wang Sengqian's article carefully, Nianzhuang thinks that Wang Sengqian's talk about writing here is an "operation manual" about writing, which indicates the pen, ink and copybook to write. The History of Books does not record the background of writing this article, but I think it should be an outline written by the Wangs, whose elders passed on the calligrapher's methods to the younger generation. According to the viewpoint of the mind, the mind is a metaphysical concept such as the creator's psychological activity, and the tube is the expression of the specific pen tube object. On the premise that the ancients emphasized antithetical sentences, the two concepts of "mind" and "tube" were basically impossible to be juxtaposed (a friend suggested that the first part of the pen praised the idea of "mind forgetting the pen", but the first part mainly described the psychology when swinging, which was different from the real meaning of the next part); According to the angle of the refill: it is common sense to lick the tip of the pen. In this short and pithy book theory, it seems that there is no need to emphasize it deliberately, and it can basically be ruled out; According to the palm view, if the "heart" is understood as the "palm", this sentence will be well understood: "When writing, the palm is empty and round, and the pen tube is perpendicular to the paper …" This is quite close to the scene we talked about when we spread paper and grind ink, and then write with a pen. Moreover, from the perspective of the whole book history, Yu Shinan and Ou Yangxun later emphasized that writing should be "empty"