There are four origins of high (Gāo) surnames:
1. From Jiang surnames. According to the data in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Prime Minister's Genealogy Table, Yuan He's Surname Compilation and Guang Yun, Sun Xi, the eighth Jiang Taigong, was given a high surname by his grandfather's son because of his meritorious service in establishing Qi Huangong. According to legend, Emperor Yan Shennong took Jiang as his surname because he lived in Jiang Shui. Jiang Boyi, the 16th grandson of Emperor Yandi, assisted Dayu in water control and was awarded the title of Lu Hou, so his descendants also took Lu as their surname. Jiang Shang, the 37th generation grandson of Jiang Boyi, namely Jiang Taigong, also known as Lu Shang and Lv Wang, assisted Zhou Wenwang and King Wu to destroy Shang Lizhou and was sealed in Qi. Qi spread to Sun Wengong Lv Chi, the seventh squire, and Chiyou Aiko was sealed in Gaoyi, calling Gongzi Gao. According to the aristocratic etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty, his grandson took his ancestor's name as his surname, and named him Gao Nuo. When Gao Biao was the Shangqing in Qi State, he welcomed Xiao Bai, the son, as the monarch, which was Qi Huangong. Gao Xi became the ancestor of the famous Bohai Gao family. Sun Gaozhi, the sixth son of Gao Xi, was pushed out by Gong Sun Zao and Gong Sun Egg in Qi State, and he went out to swallow together. Sun Gaohong, the tenth son of Gaozhi, was the chief of Bohai Sea in the Eastern Han Dynasty. From this, the Gaos in Bohai Sea began to multiply and became the largest group of Gaos.
2. It comes from taking the word Wang Fu as the surname. According to "Tongzhi Clan Brief", in the Spring and Autumn Period, the son of Qi Huigong was called Gongzi Qi, whose word was high, and his descendants took his word as their surname. For Shandong Gao. Qi Huigong is the son of Qi Huangong.
3. It is simplified from the word "Gao". Such as Gao Che's family, Gao Tang's family, Levin's family and Gao Ling's family.
4. From his surname. According to the Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty, in the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Emperor Murong Yun of Houyan claimed to be a descendant of Levin, so he changed his surname to Gao Yun, and his descendants changed their surname to a single surname, called Gao; In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Wen Xuandi Gaoyang gave the Xianbei nationality Yuan Jing 'an and Yuan Wenyao the Xianbei nationality, following the Han surname Yuan, and Gao Yang gave them a "high" surname because of their meritorious service in the Northern Qi Dynasty; Murong of Xianbei and Zhenshi of Koryo, later changed to Gaoshi; In Wei Dynasty, Xianbei people had Lou's family, and later changed to Gao's; Jurchen Shi Lie's family and Na Yang's family, Manchu Gao Jia's family, Tong Jiashi and Jews who entered Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty changed their surnames to Gao. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Gao Longzhi, whose surname was Xu, was changed to Gao because of his father's friendship with Gao Huan.
the ancestor of surname: Gao Xi. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the son of Jiang Taigong VI Sun Wengong Lv Chi was named Gongzi Gao in Gaoyi (now southwest of Yuzhou City, Henan Province). Sun Xi, the son of Gao, and Xiao Bai, the son of Qi Xianggong, are good friends. At that time, Sun launched civil strife in ignorance and killed Qi Xianggong. Xi joined forces with the ministers to quell the civil strife, so that Sun was ignorant, and Xiao Bai, the son, was appointed as the monarch, which was later Qi Huangong. Xi was named Shangqing because of his meritorious service in quelling the chaos, and he was given the name of his grandfather's son Gao as his surname, called Gao. So the surname Gao was born. As the ancestor of Gao surname, Gao Xi is respected and loved by generations of children.
II. Migration and distribution
Although Gao's surname originated in present-day Henan Province, it was mostly in Qilu after the Spring and Autumn Period. According to historical records, from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the surname Gao may have moved into Hebei and Liaoning. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the separation and integration of the political situation, the population moved frequently, and the people with high surname gradually moved in Haihe River basin, the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Huaihe River basin and the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. During the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, wars were frequent, and the people with the high surname moved southward on a large scale, and the "Guangling" county was formed during this period. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was recorded in books that Chen and his son led an army to open up Zhangjun County in Henan, including Gao's participation, and Gao Gang, a member of Henan's high surname, moved to Fujian (now Fujian Province). At this time, Dezhou Guo (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province) was still the main settlement of Gao surname since the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties, people from Xiashi, Shaanxi Province (now Sanmenxia City, Henan Province) established Nanping State in Jiangling Prefecture (now Jingzhou City, Hubei Province). Gao Yanzhuo, a native of Taiyuan (now Taiyuan, Shanxi Province), went to the post-Shu regime in Sichuan as an official. During this period, there were activities of people with high surnames in Jiangnan and Jiangbei. During the Song Dynasty, Gao migrated from the Central Plains to the south of the Yangtze River to avoid the war. For example, the descendants of Gao Qiong in Kaifeng settled in Haining, Lin 'an, Wenzhou and Shanyin, while Gao Che in Hefei settled in Jinling. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, people with high surnames mostly concentrated in the southeast, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Today, high surnames are mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Yunnan and other places. In the history of China, there were 14 people who claimed the title of emperor and king, and established the regimes of Beiqi, Yan and Jingnan. Gao is the 15th most popular surname in China, with a large population, accounting for 1.21% of the Han population in China.
Third, historical celebrity
Gao Chai: a native of Shandong Province today, a native of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. One of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius with excellent character and scholarship.
Gao Yang: a native of Jingxian County, Hebei Province, the son of Gao Huan, who was in charge of the Eastern Wei regime for many years, built the Northern Qi on behalf of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. Six emperors lived in the Northern Qi Dynasty for twenty-eight years.
Gao Shi: a poet in the Tang Dynasty, as famous as Cen Can, and also known as "Gao Cen". His "frontier poems" describe frontier scenery, soldiers' life and people's sufferings. His masterpiece is Yan Ge Xing.
Gao Qiong: A native of Mengcheng, Bozhou in the Song Dynasty, was familiar with the military and political affairs, and was brave and courageous. Many later generations became military generals, and the Gao Qiong family was once praised as "high generals".
Gao Xing was born in Yuan Cai Zhou (now Runan, Henan Province). Born in a peasant family, when Yuan Wuzong was an official, he went to the left prime minister of Henan Province.
Gao Qi was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. He is knowledgeable and good at poetry and fu. He is also called "Four Scholars of Wu Zhong" with Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben, and his works have been compiled into "The Complete Works of Gao Taishi" by later generations.
Gao Wu: During the reign of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, the skill of acupuncture played an important role in Chinese medicine.
Gao Xiang, a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, was one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" in Qing Dynasty. He is good at landscapes, painting plums in a sparse style and painting portraits.
Gao E: a writer in the Qing Dynasty, a native of the Han army with a yellow flag, and a sequel to The Dream of Red Mansions in the last forty chapters.
Gao Jianli: At the end of the Warring States Period, the Yan people were good at beating the building. Yan Taizi Dan sent Jing Ke to assassinate the king of Qin (namely Qin Shihuang) and went to Yishui to see him off. He beat the building and Jing Ke sang a song. Later, he was killed for hiding a lead block in the building and hitting Qin Shihuang.
Gao Xianzhi, a Korean in the Tang Dynasty, was good at riding and shooting. His official positions were as follows: Hung Chun-ching, Zhong Cheng, a fake imperial adviser, and General You Yulin.
Gao Huaide: a native of southwest Zhengding, Hebei Province, was a general in the early Song Dynasty. Known for being loyal, charming, mighty and brave.
Empress Gao: A native of Mengcheng, Anhui Province, she is the queen of Song Yingzong. When she was a philosopher, she used Sima Guang, abolished Wang Anshi's political reform measures, and * * * was in power for nine years.
Gao ruli: Prime Minister Jin You, who was appointed Lord protector. He is now from Yingxian County, Shanxi Province. It has played a certain role in the implementation and development of paper money. It also played a certain role in the political and economic development of the state of Jin. Integrity.
Gao Kegong: Yuan Dynasty painter, whose name was Yan Jing, whose first name was Fangshan, was Uighur, whose native place was Datong (now Shanxi Province), living in Yanjing (now Beijing) and living in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) in his later years. Official to ministers of punishments. Good at calligraphy and painting, Yun Heng Xiu Ling and Mo Zhu Shi Po are his representative works. As famous as Zhao Mengfu, people were known as "Zhao Wei in the south and Gao in the north".
Gao Zecheng is a native of Yongjia, Zhejiang Province. A famous dramatist in Yuan Dynasty, The Story of Pipa, a script of Southern Opera, was widely circulated.
Gao Wenxiu: A native of Shandong Province, he was a drama writer in Yuan Dynasty. It has the reputation of "Little Han Qing".
Gao Panlong, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, was one of the leaders of Donglin Party in Ming Dynasty. A great Confucian scholar once gave a lecture with Gu Xiancheng at Donglin Academy, and called it "high regard".
Yigong Gao, a native of Mizhi (now Shaanxi) in the late Ming Dynasty, was a general of the peasant army, who fought against Ming with Li Zicheng.
Gao Doukui, a native of Yinxian County (now Ningbo, Zhejiang Province) in the Qing Dynasty, was famous for his superb medical skills. He wrote medical works such as Medical Heart Method, Siming Medical Case and Blowing Hair.
Gao Fenghan, a famous painter, was born in Jiaozhou (now Shandong) in Qing Dynasty. He is the author of Hu Hai Ji, Nan Fu Ji and Gui Yun Ji.
Gao Jianfu, a native of Panyu, Guangdong Province, was the founder of Lingnan School of Painting. He joined the League in his early years and participated in the Huanghuagang Uprising.
Gao Shiqi, a native of Fuzhou, Fujian Province, is a modern scientific and literary writer. He used to be a science popularization consultant of the Central Ministry of Culture and honorary president of China Science Popularization Association.
iv.No. of the County Lookout Hall
1. County Lookout
Bohai County: the county was established in the Western Han Dynasty and ruled in Fuyang (now Cangzhou, Hebei Province). This branch of Gao's family originated from Gao Hong, the satrap of Bohai Sea in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Yuyang County: The Warring States Yan repelled Qin Kai from Donghu County, which is located in the southwest of Miyun County, Beijing. Named after the Yang of Fish and Water.
Guangling State: It was established in the Han Dynasty, and now it is located in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. This branch of Gao's is after Gao Rui, the satrap of Wu Danyang.
Henan County: In the Han Dynasty, Sanchuan County of Qin was changed to Luoyang County (now northeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province). This branch of Gao's family started after Gao's of Xianbei nationality.
Liaodong County: The Yan of the Warring States repelled Qin Kai from the county built by Donghu, and the county was ruled by Xiangping (now Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province).
2. Hall number
Hou Yutang: Gao Chai, a disciple of Confucius, was killed in Philadelphia (now the county magistrate). Confucius commented on him: "Chai is also stupid". Zhu Xi noted that "Foolishness is knowing more than enough". Ci Hai: Foolish and simple. Therefore, the descendants of the high surname take "Houyu" as the hall number of the high surname.
Bohai Hall: In the Tang Dynasty, Gao Gu and Gao Chongwen were both made kings of Bohai County; Gao Huan in Northern Qi Dynasty was named King of Bohai Sea.
In addition, the main hall names of Gao surname are Yuyang Hall, Liaodong Hall, Guangling Hall, Henan Hall, Youjitang, Gonghou Hall, Shuangyutang, Houyu Hall, Newspaper Hall and Shouyu Hall.
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eight battles have made great achievements.
—— General couplet of ancestral halls with high surname written anonymously
The couplet refers to Gao Chai, a disciple of Confucius, a patriotic man in the Spring and Autumn Period, who was kind-hearted, filial to his parents, held funerals for them, and wept blood for three years. The second couplet said that Gao Chongwen, a native of Youzhou in Tang Dynasty, was famous for guarding Changwucheng with Han Quanyi during Zhenyuan period. Tubo soldiers invaded Ningzhou, and he led the army to win a great victory and sealed the king of Bohai County. Liu Fa, our envoy of Jiannan Xichuan, rebelled against chaos. He was recommended by Du Huangshang, the prime minister, and led his troops to crusade with Zuo Shen's strategy. He won eight battles and eight victories in Lutou Mountain, captured Liu Pi alive, and was made king of Nanping County. After the official neighboring Ningjiedushi, Jingxi armies are unified.
a mechanic helps a horse;
Zhao ying shoots sculptures.
—— Anonymous general couplet of ancestral hall with high surname
The couplet refers to Gao Huan, a native of Bohai Sea in the Eastern Wei Dynasty in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, whose name was He Liuhun, who joined the rebels such as Baling, Du Luozhou, Ge Rong and so on, and then went to Erzhurong with Ge Rong. Once, Er Zhurong asked him to cut a vicious horse (tie the legs of the horse cross), and he did it without fetters. The horse didn't kick or bite. He said, "The same should be done to the wicked!" Get the trust of Er Zhurong, and be the official secretariat of Jinzhou. After Er Zhurong's death, he relied on Xianbei force, contacted the Shandong gentry, took charge of the military power of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and was called the Great Prime Minister. After that, he forced Emperor Xiao Wu to go west to Chang 'an, and set up Emperor Xiao Jing, who was in charge of state affairs for 16 years. After his death, his son Gao Yang built the Northern Qi Dynasty on behalf of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and revered him as Emperor Wu of God. The second couplet refers to Gao Pian, the grandson of Gao Chongwen, a native of Youzhou in the late Tang Dynasty. Sima, the first Zhu Shuming, one day, two big sculptures flew from the sky. He said, "If I can be rich, I should shoot." Sure enough, one arrow shot down two carvings, which was called "the suggestion of falling carvings" at that time. When he was in Xuanzong, he served as our envoys in Tianping, Jiannan, Zhenhai and Huainan, and all the camps were unified, suppressing the Yellow turban insurrectionary army. He was awed by the prestige of the rebel army, and because of the conflict between the DPRK and China, he stayed in Yangzhou in an attempt to preserve his strength and divide the country. Seal the king of Bohai county. Later, because he believed in magic, he used it again and again. The soldiers were centrifugal and were killed by the Ministry.
for Hou shide;
Bohai family voice.
—— General couplet of the ancestral hall of Gao surname written anonymously
This couplet is the "Gonghou Hall" of the ancestral hall of Gao surname in Meizhou City, Guangdong Province.
sezawa;
Bohai family voice.
—— General couplet of ancestral hall with Gao surname written anonymously
The couplet refers to Jin Gaodeji, a senior official in Dadingzhong. The next couplet is the Bohai County, a noble family with high surname.
Yao Shun, a female middle school student;
learn from Ben cheng Zhu.
—— General couplet of ancestral hall with high surname written anonymously
The couplet refers to Song Yingzong's high queen, who has been in politics for nine years, and is known as "Yao Shun among women". The second couplet pointed out that Gao Panlong was interested in the study of Cheng Zhu, and later he repaired Donglin Academy with Gu Xiancheng to give lectures.
the leopard becomes foggy;
hung-chien watches.
—— Anonymous general couplet of the ancestral hall of Gao surname
The couplet refers to Gao Feng in the Eastern Han Dynasty, who studied less and studied day and night, and became a famous Confucian. Yuan Hejian taught West Tangshan Middle School, so he should not explore and fish invisibly. The second couplet refers to Biao Gao of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who was the first in the group to raise filial piety, proofread books and read strange essays, satirized and remonstrated because of things, and the spirit emperor wrote a letter to the East View to draw a tiger image to persuade scholars.
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Hongxi Shi Zechang.
—— General couplet of the ancestral hall of Gao surname written anonymously
This couplet is the couplet of the ancestral hall of Gao family in Gaojia Village, Jingde County, Anhui Province. On the first couplet, Gao's county looks out; The next couplet embeds "Hongxi" as the name of the water in the west of the temple.
the home in Bohai Sea is far away, and
the world in Longmen is long.
—— General couplet of the ancestral hall of Gao surname written anonymously
This couplet is the couplet of the ancestral hall of Gao surname in Longmen Village, Changle City, Fujian Province. Longmen Gaoshi Ancestral Hall is an ancient building of Ming Dynasty rebuilt in Qing Dynasty. There is a wide stone mound in front of the ancestral hall. The ancestral temple is advanced by the mountain, and there are three courtyards, which rise step by step and are magnificent. This pair of couplets is engraved on both sides of the gate. There is a plaque dedicated by Gao Lu hanging on the main hall: "Ben Gu Zhi Rong". There are also many plaques on the ancestral hall for imperial examinations. According to genealogy and local records, it can be seen that in the years of Chunhua, Shaoxing and Chunxi in the Song Dynasty, several descendants of the Gao family entered the high school, and the Ming and Qing dynasties were more brilliant. The mountain on the back of the ancestral hall is called Wengshan. It is said that the old people living in this mountain enjoy a long life, so this mountain is named "Wengshan". The original Dongshe Dawang Temple at the top of Mount Weng has been destroyed for a long time and has now been converted into Long Yuan Temple. Climbing to the top of the mountain, you can get a panoramic view of all the scenery. In the east, there are three wooded mountains; in the northeast and north, you can see the modern high-rise buildings and buildings in Changle City; in the northwest, you can vaguely distinguish the Xiadong River leading to the Minjiang River. This is the relic of Taiping Port during Zheng He's voyage to the West in the early Ming Dynasty. In those days, the Taiping Port had a wide water surface, and Zheng He's fleet was like a cloud, with huge momentum and colorful weather. This is where the seven voyages that shocked the world anchored. You can see Yangshan in the southeast. In the south and southwest, you can overlook the rows of residential houses in Longmen Village, and you can look at the green fields and the rivers and ponds with flashing silver light. There is an ancient ferry at the entrance of Longmen village. You can board the boat, pass through the Shangdong River and enter the Minjiang River, and you can fly directly to Fuzhou Taijiang.
Bohai home is far away;
Shi zechang of Yuzhou.
—— General couplet of ancestral halls with Gao surname written anonymously
This couplet is the couplet of ancestral halls with Gao surname in Wuping County, Fujian Province.
fishing in the fog;
a sign of hung-chien.
—— General couplet of ancestral hall with Gao surname written anonymously
The couplet refers to Gao Feng, a hermit in the Eastern Han Dynasty, whose word is Wen Tong and Ye Ren. Less study, family farming, reading day and night, and became a famous Confucian. Yuan Hejian, a professor in Xitang Mountain, did not explore and fished invisibly. The second couplet refers to Biao Gao, a native of Wuxi, who was ordered by Huang in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Students, who travel to Imperial College, are elegant and receptive to words, and the county ranks first in filial piety. In addition to the card shark, the school book east view, moved to the yellow order, there is a good policy. Draw a statue of a tiger in the east view to help scholars.
a talented woman is called a bachelor;
the couple donated their loyal bodies.
—— A general couplet of ancestral halls with Gao surname written anonymously
A guide to the couplet of Tang Gao.