He felt that the imperial examination system and teaching methods were wrong for the country and the people, so he began to learn new things. After returning to Pu, he contacted Zhang Longyun and others to set up a middle school and taught in person. 1905 Joined Zhonghetang hosted by Hui Youlie. Later, with the support of his friends, he went to Japan and joined the League. After returning to Guangzhou, he was admitted to Guangzhou College of Political Science and Law, met Zhu Zhixin and Chen Yuanming, and took part in secret revolutionary activities.
1908 10, Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi passed away one after another, and the anti-Qing wave continued to rise. Zou Lu and others thought that the time was ripe, and planned the Guangzhou New Army Uprising. Because of an accident, Zou Lu temporarily avoided Hongkong and soon returned to the College of Political Science and Law. After graduation, he was employed by Guangdong Chamber of Commerce to teach. 19 10 In February, he went to Shantou to launch a new army to cooperate with the Guangzhou Uprising. As the Guangzhou New Army was suddenly attacked by Lee Joon, the general of the Qing army, Zou Lu returned to Guangzhou for rescue and was listed as the target of arrest by the governor of the Qing court. Thanks to the protection of Qiu, the deputy speaker, he survived. The following year, Sun Yat-sen sent Hu and Huang Xing to set up a coordination department in Hong Kong to prepare for the Guangzhou Uprising, and Zou Lu was ordered to set up People's Daily in Guangzhou to publicize revolutionary ideas. He took the advisory bureau as the cover, published it in the bureau and distributed it to the new army and the defense battalion. Later, because Wen was stabbed in front of the advisory group, the newspaper reported and praised the comments and was suspended. Afterwards, the authorities asked Zou Lu to write a "repentance book" as a condition to allow a replacement, but he flatly refused. 19 1 1 year (10 June) After the Wuchang Uprising, Zou Lu, Hu and others immediately responded to the Eastern Guangdong Uprising. Zou Lu stayed in Hong Kong to prepare weapons, pay and other military supplies to support various rebels. 165438+ 10 in June, Chen Yuming was at loggerheads with the Qin Bing directly under the Qing army after the Huizhou Uprising. After hearing the news, Zou Lu urged the Western and Northern People's Army to respond to the uprising and organize 200 death squads to help defeat the Qing army. In one fell swoop, Huizhou and Guangzhou were recovered, and Hu served as commander-in-chief of Guangdong and Guangxi, and organized a military government.
After the stability of Guangdong and Guangxi, Sun Yat-sen organized the Northern Expedition, with Yao Yuping as the commander-in-chief and Zou Lu as the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expedition, responsible for allocating weapons and equipment in Lu Haijun. With the cooperation of revolutionary soldiers and civilians in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, the Northern Expeditionary Army defeated the Qing army many times and conquered Nanjing. After the agreement on behalf of the 17 provinces uprising, China was established and Dr. Sun Yat-sen was elected president.
After the North-South peace talks, Zou Lu volunteered to send troops back to Guangzhou as the general manager of Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Official Money. In order to save the financial crisis, a bank was set up to increase the currency of Guangdong. When the National Assembly was established the following year, Zou Lu was elected as one of the representatives of Guangdong. While in Congress, Yuan Shikai tried to create division by replacing Hu with Hu. And sent someone with 400000 yuan to woo Zou Lu. Zou Lu refused to accept, and advised people not to use state money for personal power struggle. In Congress, he proposed that the murder case in Song Dynasty should be solved through judicial procedures, "questioning why Premier Zhao didn't write a letter of commitment according to law" and drafting the case of impeaching the Yuan government for illegal lending. , known as "taking great risks." Therefore, Zou Lu narrowly escaped arrest. Facing the corruption of the Kuomintang, Dr. Sun Yat-sen organized the China Revolutionary Party in 19 14, and founded the Republic of China magazine to fight against Yuan. Following Sun Yat-sen's instructions, Zou Lu became an editor and edited articles such as Yuan Shikai's Domestic Policy, exposing the fact that Yuan broke the contract and betrayed the national interests. Soon, with the support of the southwest provinces, Sun Yat-sen is going to organize a protectorate government in Guangzhou, and send Zou Lu to the north to plan the relocation of the Congress to the south. Zou Lu received the support of Wu Jinglian and Wang, deputy speakers of the House of Representatives, and more than 200 members attended the special meeting held in Guangzhou, establishing a military government to safeguard the law. In organizing the war of protecting the law, Ren Chao's commander-in-chief Mei Jun and Zou Lu defeated Mo Qingyu of Dongjiang. Soon Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, which aroused a nationwide anti-Yuan upsurge, and Yuan died suddenly in the anti-Yuan upsurge. Congress reconvened. Zou Lu put forward "Investigating and Handling the Zhang Xun Case" and "Ten Major Issues" in Congress, which exposed the dereliction of duty and illegal behavior of Duan government. Parliament was attacked by mobs, and Zou Lu and others were beaten. Congress was forced to dissolve. Zou Lu returned to Guangdong to participate in Sun Yat-sen's second movement to protect the law, and mobilized Fujian and Guangdong reinforcements Chen Yuanming to return to Guangzhou. Zou Lu also contacted the civilian army to cooperate with Taiwan Province to regain control of Guangdong and set up a national government. Zou Lu was appointed as the ambassador of Guangdong and Guangxi salt transportation, in charge of financial resources.
1922, Chen Yiming betrayed Sun Yat-sen and shelled the Presidential Palace. Sun Yat-sen took refuge in Shanghai, and called Zou Lu as the special envoy of the President, who was responsible for planning to attract Chen. After contact by all parties, a tripartite "White Horse" meeting was held in Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi. In the name of the president, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Yunnan army and Liu Zhenhuan as commander-in-chief, and asked Chen to transfer troops to Guangzhou. At the beginning of 1923, Hu and Zou Lu of Zhongshan Electric Power Commission temporarily acted as the president. Later, Sun Yat-sen was welcomed back to Guangzhou to rebuild the Grand Presidential Palace. Zou Lu is the chief financial officer and is known as the "financial manager". At the end of that year, Sun Yat-sen planned to merge Guangdong Normal University, University of Political Science and Law and Guangdong Agricultural College to form Guangdong University, and appointed Zou Lu as the president of Normal University and director of the Preparatory Committee of Guangdong University. 1924 1, at the first congress of the Kuomintang in China, Zou Lu was elected as the Executive Committee member of the Central Committee and Minister of Youth Department, and later served as the Standing Committee.
After the "First Congress" of the Kuomintang, cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was implemented. In the national government and the army, some Soviet consultants and producers were hired to hold some important positions such as ministers and secretaries. However, on the issue of education funds, Zou Lu had a fierce quarrel with Soviet adviser Bao Luoting and was severely warned. After the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, Zou Lu, as one of the three members of the Standing Committee of the China Kuomintang Central Committee, held the Fourth Plenary Session of the first session of the Kuomintang in Biyun Temple, Xishan, Beijing, and passed resolutions such as "canceling the membership of the * * * Party faction within the Party" and "dismissing consultant Bao Luoting", and established the Central Party Department in Guangzhou, which was opposite to the Central Party Department. 1926, 1, the second national congress of the Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, and the Resolution on Impeachment of Xishan Meeting was adopted, which expelled Zou Lu and others from the Party forever.
Zou Lu further proposed to Chiang Kai-shek the idea of "sending personnel to contact Russia and using anti-Japanese generals".
After Zou Lu was re-elected as President of CUHK, he went all out to rectify. He believes that education is the foundation of saving the country, and the prosperity of western countries mainly benefits from the development of schools and scientific progress. /kloc-in the winter of 0/923, he served as the director and president of the Preparatory Committee of Guangdong University. At that time, he was an officer, and it was rare to have both. Nowadays, universities can be managed according to their own aspirations, in order to "establish a top institution of higher learning".
First of all, he unified CUHK students' anti-Japanese and national salvation activities under the leadership of the school, banned faculty and students from gathering during class hours, and set up a special party department to strictly control student gatherings and restore teaching order. At the same time, in order to improve the teaching staff, we sent staff to Beijing and other places to hire famous professors, which enabled CUHK to gather a group of outstanding professors and set up research institutes and academic journals in various disciplines, providing better conditions for the development of academic research. 1937 set up the master's degree examination Committee of the graduate school, held the first master's degree examination, awarded master's degrees to graduate students in various subjects, and rewarded outstanding students to study abroad.
Build a new school building of Shipai Sun Yat-sen University, adjust the departments according to the actual situation, and expand the original five colleges into seven colleges including science, engineering, medicine, agriculture, law, literature and teaching. Take over Guangdong-Guangxi Soil Survey Institute and Guangdong Local Records Museum, organize teachers and students to investigate soil and compile Guangdong Local Records. Formulate and implement a six-year three-phase school-running plan and acquire 40,000 mu of land in Wushan, a suburb of Guangzhou, in order to realize Sun Yat-sen's last wish. At that time, it was the world economic crisis and domestic wars were frequent. Zhu Jiaying, Minister of Education, was dissatisfied with Zou Lu and often defaulted on education funds. Faced with difficulties, Zou Lu resolutely implemented a huge school-running plan. He asked the central government for funds and the Southwest Administrative Committee for money, and launched a wide-ranging fund-raising campaign to compatriots at home and abroad and overseas Chinese. In order to keep the project on schedule, Zou Lu ran around and racked his brains. "Everything can be said and done except calling dad and kowtowing to people." He was "at a loss, bitter and humiliated" and was "helped by directors and finance ministers in Guangdong". In the end, he got his wish and made an indelible contribution to the construction of CUHK.
The early school-building project completed the bronze statue of Sun Yat-sen, the Agricultural Museum, the teaching buildings of chemistry, electricity, machinery and civil engineering, and the dormitory for teachers and students. In the medium term, a museum of agroforestry chemistry, experimental classrooms for astronomy, physics, biology, geography and chemistry, as well as a college of arts, a law school, a sericulture room, a mulberry room and a gardening greenhouse will be built. Increase the number of nursing schools, midwifery schools and the first and second hospitals affiliated to medical colleges, middle schools and primary schools. Farms and mulberry gardens have also been established in Chaoshan and Zhanjiang. Provide a supporting place for college practice and scientific research. 1938 After all the projects were basically completed, Zou Lu made a poem to console himself: "The green path leads to Shan Ye, and every grass and tree in the mountain village turns into gold; Trees and trees are both trees and valleys, and the scale is far less than that of a century-old tree. "By June 1940, Zou Lu's resignation was approved and he left CUHK. During his ten years as president of Sun Yat-sen University, he trained nearly 5,000 graduates with students all over the world. 1936 Zou Lu was invited to attend the 550th anniversary celebration of the University of Heidelberg, and was awarded a law scholarship. The President of the University of Rome in Italy and the Vice President of the University of Hong Kong visited CUHK successively to study the achievements of CUHK, and put forward suggestions and reached an agreement on the exchange of professors and international students. The University of Alexandria in Egypt has increased the number of free international students in CUHK. Sun Yat-sen University has entered the ranks of world-famous universities.
Zou Lu once put forward an educational reform plan to the Southwest Administrative Committee. The main contents are: all citizens, regardless of gender, should receive education, with primary schools run by the state, secondary schools run by local and production departments, and universities run by the central government or departments; Combining teaching with social production, changing from consumption to production; Reform teaching materials, combine intellectual education with moral education, and so on.
After Zou Lu resigned as the principal, he took pleasure in "books full of shelves, melons and vegetables full of gardens". 1946 was elected as a member of the supervisory institute. 1July, 949, attended the "Extraordinary Meeting" held in Guangzhou, left for Hong Kong, moved to Taipei, and later served as a member of the Central Appraisal Committee. He is the author of Historical Draft of China Kuomintang, Review, Education and Peace, Collected Works of Zou Lu, Zou Lu Wencun, etc. 1February 8, 954, Zou Lu died of cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 70.
Zou Lu ancestral home
Zou Lu's ancestral home-Dear Hall is located in Renhou Village, Chayang Town, dapu county City, Guangdong Province. Under the leadership of Director Zhang of Tai Po Cultural Bureau, I visited the ancestral home in Zou Lu. Dear, the hall was built in Qing Dynasty. Sit west to east, with centipede mountain in the back and Renhou Village in the face. Twenty meters in front of the main entrance, five stone watches from the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China were erected. These stone watches record the brilliant historical achievements of Zou's ancestors. Dear hall is a civil structure, one vertical and four horizontal. Main room 18, 24 lateral rooms, building area 1352 m2, area 1584 m2.
According to the introduction of the Standing Committee of Liao County Committee at that time, Zou Lu's ancestral home has three wonders. First, when the four seasons change, the rising sun shines directly at the center of the main hall for several days every year, forming a pattern of "centipede spitting pearls". Second, there is a lush landscape forest near the terrace behind the house, but not a leaf has fallen on the roof tile for hundreds of years. Third, every night, there is a bright white halo in the distance above the ancestral home. It is these three wonders that make the whole building full of mystery and attract many experts and scholars to explore.
Zou Lu's calligraphy
Sun Yat-sen Library collects regular script poems written by Zou Lu to Tsinghua: "In front of Uncle Temple, there are cypresses with proud teeth and frost. The matter of Jiantong passed away with Zhou, leaving a shadow of the ancient Tang Dynasty. " Beautiful words, peaceful and quiet, thin and elegant, beautiful. Han Zhai collects the running script couplets he wrote to Guangdong University: "Full of poetry, faith becomes gold." The pen is free and smooth, the combination of rigidity and softness is mellow and interesting, the structure is just and affectionate, and the book style is handsome and changeable.